The Preamble
This resource offers 100 multiple-choice questions on the Preamble of the Indian Constitution. Covering its origin, philosophy, keywords, amendments, case laws, and comparative insights, each question includes correct answers and explanations. Structured in modular blocks, this set provides complete exam-oriented coverage for UPSC, SSC, State PSC, law exams, and academic study, making it a reliable tool for quick learning, revision, and success.
✅ A) 1949
B) 1950
C) 1947
D) 1976
Explanation: The Preamble was adopted on 26 November 1949.
Q2. On which date did the Constitution come into force?
✅ A) 26 January 1950
B) 26 November 1949
C) 15 August 1947
D) 1 January 1950
Explanation: Constitution came into force on 26 January 1950.
Q3. Who is considered the “Father of the Indian Constitution”?
✅ A) B.R. Ambedkar
B) Jawaharlal Nehru
C) Rajendra Prasad
D) Sardar Patel
Explanation: Dr. B.R. Ambedkar is regarded as the Father of the Constitution.
Q4. Who moved the Objectives Resolution that later became the basis of the Preamble?
✅ A) Jawaharlal Nehru
B) B.R. Ambedkar
C) Rajendra Prasad
D) Sardar Patel
Explanation: Nehru moved the Objectives Resolution in 1946.
Q5. The Preamble declares India as a ______.
✅ A) Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic Republic
B) Federal, Socialist, Secular, Democratic Republic
C) Sovereign, Federal, Secular, Democratic Republic
D) Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Monarchy
Explanation: India is declared Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic Republic.
Q6. Which Amendment added the words “Socialist” and “Secular” to the Preamble?
✅ A) 42nd Amendment (1976)
B) 44th Amendment
C) 73rd Amendment
D) 74th Amendment
Explanation: 42nd Amendment added Socialist and Secular.
Q7. Which Amendment added the word “Integrity” to the Preamble?
✅ A) 42nd Amendment (1976)
B) 44th Amendment
C) 73rd Amendment
D) 74th Amendment
Explanation: 42nd Amendment also added “Integrity”.
Q8. The Preamble is based on which Resolution?
✅ A) Objectives Resolution (1946)
B) Cabinet Mission Plan
C) Cripps Mission
D) August Offer
Explanation: Preamble is based on Objectives Resolution.
Q9. The Preamble is considered part of the Constitution by which case?
✅ A) Kesavananda Bharati (1973)
B) Berubari Union (1960)
C) Minerva Mills (1980)
D) Golaknath (1967)
Explanation: Kesavananda Bharati case held Preamble as part of Constitution.
Q10. Which case earlier held that Preamble is not part of the Constitution?
✅ A) Berubari Union (1960)
B) Kesavananda Bharati (1973)
C) Minerva Mills (1980)
D) Golaknath (1967)
Explanation: Berubari Union case held Preamble not part of Constitution.
Q11. Which case reaffirmed the importance of Preamble in constitutional interpretation?
✅ A) Minerva Mills (1980)
B) Kesavananda Bharati (1973)
C) Berubari Union (1960)
D) Golaknath (1967)
Explanation: Minerva Mills reaffirmed importance of Preamble.
Q12. The Preamble describes India as a ______ Republic.
✅ A) Democratic
B) Socialist
C) Secular
D) Sovereign
Explanation: India is a Democratic Republic.
Q13. Which objective in the Preamble relates to fairness in social, economic, and political life?
✅ A) Justice
B) Liberty
C) Equality
D) Fraternity
Explanation: Justice ensures fairness in social, economic, political life.
Q14. Which objective in the Preamble relates to freedom of thought, expression, belief, faith, and worship?
✅ A) Liberty
B) Justice
C) Equality
D) Fraternity
Explanation: Liberty ensures freedom of thought, expression, belief, faith, worship.
Q15. Which objective in the Preamble relates to equal status and opportunity?
✅ A) Equality
B) Justice
C) Liberty
D) Fraternity
Explanation: Equality ensures equal status and opportunity.
Q16. Which objective in the Preamble relates to unity and integrity of the nation?
✅ A) Fraternity
B) Justice
C) Liberty
D) Equality
Explanation: Fraternity ensures unity and integrity.
Q17. The Preamble begins with the words ______.
✅ A) “We, the people of India”
B) “India, that is Bharat”
C) “Sovereign Democratic Republic”
D) “Objectives Resolution”
Explanation: Preamble begins with “We, the people of India”.
Q18. The Preamble is ______ in nature.
✅ A) Non‑justiciable
B) Justiciable
C) Enforceable
D) Binding
Explanation: Preamble is non‑justiciable.
Q19. The Preamble serves as a ______ to the Constitution.
✅ A) Introduction
B) Conclusion
C) Amendment
D) Schedule
Explanation: Preamble is an introduction to the Constitution.
Q20. The Preamble reflects the ______ of the Constitution.
✅ A) Philosophy and objectives
B) Rules and procedures
C) Amendments
D) Schedules
Explanation: Preamble reflects philosophy and objectives.
Q21. The Preamble was signed by how many members of the Constituent Assembly?
✅ A) 284
B) 299
C) 250
D) 200
Explanation: 284 members signed the Constitution including the Preamble.
Q22. The Preamble is sometimes called the ______ of the Constitution.
✅ A) Identity card
B) Mini Constitution
C) Directive Principle
D) Fundamental Duty
Explanation: Preamble is called the identity card of the Constitution.
Q23. The Preamble declares India to be a Republic. What does Republic mean?
✅ A) Head of State is elected
B) Head of State is hereditary
C) Head of State is nominated
D) Head of State is appointed by Governor
Explanation: Republic means elected Head of State.
Q24. The Preamble declares India to be Sovereign. What does Sovereign mean?
✅ A) Independent authority
B) Dependent on foreign powers
C) Controlled by UN
D) Limited autonomy
Explanation: Sovereign means independent authority.
Q25. The Preamble declares India to be Secular. What does Secular mean?
✅ A) Equal respect for all religions
B) No religion allowed
C) Only majority religion recognized
D) Religion is supreme
Explanation: Secular means equal respect for all religions.
Q26. The word “Sovereign” in the Preamble signifies:
✅ A) India is independent in internal and external affairs
B) India is dependent on UN
C) India is controlled by foreign powers
D) India has limited autonomy
Explanation: Sovereign means complete independence in internal and external matters.
Q27. The word “Socialist” was added to the Preamble by:
✅ A) 42nd Amendment (1976)
B) 44th Amendment
C) 73rd Amendment
D) 74th Amendment
Explanation: Socialist was added by 42nd Amendment.
Q28. The word “Socialist” in the Preamble signifies:
✅ A) Social and economic justice
B) Political justice only
C) Religious equality only
D) Judicial independence
Explanation: Socialist signifies social and economic justice.
Q29. The word “Secular” in the Preamble signifies:
✅ A) Equal respect for all religions
B) No religion allowed
C) Only majority religion recognized
D) Religion is supreme
Explanation: Secular means equal respect for all religions.
Q30. The word “Democratic” in the Preamble signifies:
✅ A) Government elected by people
B) Government appointed by monarch
C) Government nominated by Governor
D) Government controlled by military
Explanation: Democratic means government elected by people.
Q31. The word “Republic” in the Preamble signifies:
✅ A) Head of State is elected
B) Head of State is hereditary
C) Head of State is nominated
D) Head of State is appointed by Governor
Explanation: Republic means elected Head of State.
Q32. The word “Justice” in the Preamble includes:
✅ A) Social, Economic, Political justice
B) Judicial justice only
C) Economic justice only
D) Political justice only
Explanation: Justice includes social, economic, political justice.
Q33. The word “Liberty” in the Preamble includes:
✅ A) Thought, Expression, Belief, Faith, Worship
B) Property rights only
C) Political rights only
D) Judicial rights only
Explanation: Liberty includes freedom of thought, expression, belief, faith, worship.
Q34. The word “Equality” in the Preamble includes:
✅ A) Equality of status and opportunity
B) Equality of property
C) Equality of religion only
D) Equality of judiciary
Explanation: Equality includes status and opportunity.
Q35. The word “Fraternity” in the Preamble signifies:
✅ A) Unity and integrity of the nation
B) Brotherhood only among majority
C) Judicial independence
D) Economic equality
Explanation: Fraternity signifies unity and integrity.
Q36. Which case emphasized that “Secularism” is part of the basic structure?
✅ A) S.R. Bommai (1994)
B) Kesavananda Bharati (1973)
C) Minerva Mills (1980)
D) Berubari Union (1960)
Explanation: S.R. Bommai case emphasized secularism as basic structure.
Q37. Which case emphasized that “Socialism” is part of the basic structure?
✅ A) Samatha v. State of Andhra Pradesh (1997)
B) Kesavananda Bharati (1973)
C) Minerva Mills (1980)
D) Berubari Union (1960)
Explanation: Samatha case emphasized socialism.
Q38. Which case emphasized that “Democracy” is part of the basic structure?
✅ A) Indira Nehru Gandhi v. Raj Narain (1975)
B) Kesavananda Bharati (1973)
C) Minerva Mills (1980)
D) Berubari Union (1960)
Explanation: Indira Gandhi v. Raj Narain emphasized democracy.
Q39. Which case emphasized that “Republic” is part of the basic structure?
✅ A) Kesavananda Bharati (1973)
B) Minerva Mills (1980)
C) S.R. Bommai (1994)
D) Berubari Union (1960)
Explanation: Kesavananda Bharati emphasized republic.
Q40. Which case emphasized that “Justice” is part of the basic structure?
✅ A) Minerva Mills (1980)
B) Kesavananda Bharati (1973)
C) S.R. Bommai (1994)
D) Berubari Union (1960)
Explanation: Minerva Mills emphasized justice.
Q41. Which case emphasized that “Liberty” is part of the basic structure?
✅ A) Kesavananda Bharati (1973)
B) Minerva Mills (1980)
C) S.R. Bommai (1994)
D) Berubari Union (1960)
Explanation: Kesavananda Bharati emphasized liberty.
Q42. Which case emphasized that “Equality” is part of the basic structure?
✅ A) Indira Gandhi v. Raj Narain (1975)
B) Kesavananda Bharati (1973)
C) Minerva Mills (1980)
D) S.R. Bommai (1994)
Explanation: Indira Gandhi v. Raj Narain emphasized equality.
Q43. Which case emphasized that “Fraternity” is essential for unity of India?
✅ A) Kesavananda Bharati (1973)
B) Minerva Mills (1980)
C) S.R. Bommai (1994)
D) Berubari Union (1960)
Explanation: Kesavananda Bharati emphasized fraternity.
Q44. Which keyword in the Preamble ensures India’s independence in decision-making?
✅ A) Sovereign
B) Socialist
C) Secular
D) Republic
Explanation: Sovereign ensures independence.
Q45. Which keyword in the Preamble ensures elected Head of State?
✅ A) Republic
B) Democratic
C) Sovereign
D) Socialist
Explanation: Republic ensures elected Head of State.
Q46. Which keyword in the Preamble ensures government by the people?
✅ A) Democratic
B) Republic
C) Sovereign
D) Socialist
Explanation: Democratic ensures government by the people.
Q47. Which keyword in the Preamble ensures equal respect for all religions?
✅ A) Secular
B) Socialist
C) Sovereign
D) Democratic
Explanation: Secular ensures equal respect for all religions.
Q48. Which keyword in the Preamble ensures social and economic justice?
✅ A) Socialist
B) Secular
C) Sovereign
D) Republic
Explanation: Socialist ensures social and economic justice.
Q49. Which keyword in the Preamble ensures unity and integrity of the nation?
✅ A) Fraternity
B) Equality
C) Liberty
D) Justice
Explanation: Fraternity ensures unity and integrity.
Q50. Which keyword in the Preamble ensures freedom of thought and worship?
✅ A) Liberty
B) Equality
C) Justice
D) Sovereign
Explanation: Liberty ensures freedom of thought and worship.
Q51. Which Amendment modified the Preamble of India?
✅ A) 42nd Amendment (1976)
B) 44th Amendment
C) 73rd Amendment
D) 74th Amendment
Explanation: 42nd Amendment added Socialist, Secular, and Integrity.
Q52. How many words were added to the Preamble by the 42nd Amendment?
✅ A) Three (Socialist, Secular, Integrity)
B) Two
C) Four
D) One
Explanation: Three words were added.
Q53. Which Amendment reaffirmed the binding nature of Preamble values?
✅ A) 44th Amendment (1978)
B) 42nd Amendment
C) 73rd Amendment
D) 74th Amendment
Explanation: 44th Amendment reaffirmed democratic values.
Q54. The Preamble was amended only once in history. True or False?
✅ A) True
B) False
Explanation: Only 42nd Amendment amended the Preamble.
Q55. Which case held that Preamble is part of the Constitution?
✅ A) Kesavananda Bharati (1973)
B) Berubari Union (1960)
C) Minerva Mills (1980)
D) S.R. Bommai (1994)
Explanation: Kesavananda Bharati case held Preamble as part.
Q56. Which case earlier held that Preamble is not part of the Constitution?
✅ A) Berubari Union (1960)
B) Kesavananda Bharati (1973)
C) Minerva Mills (1980)
D) S.R. Bommai (1994)
Explanation: Berubari Union case held Preamble not part.
Q57. Which case reaffirmed that Preamble is integral to constitutional interpretation?
✅ A) Minerva Mills (1980)
B) Kesavananda Bharati (1973)
C) Berubari Union (1960)
D) S.R. Bommai (1994)
Explanation: Minerva Mills reaffirmed importance of Preamble.
Q58. Which case emphasized secularism as part of basic structure?
✅ A) S.R. Bommai (1994)
B) Kesavananda Bharati (1973)
C) Minerva Mills (1980)
D) Berubari Union (1960)
Explanation: S.R. Bommai emphasized secularism.
Q59. Which case emphasized socialism as part of basic structure?
✅ A) Samatha v. State of Andhra Pradesh (1997)
B) Kesavananda Bharati (1973)
C) Minerva Mills (1980)
D) Berubari Union (1960)
Explanation: Samatha case emphasized socialism.
Q60. Which case emphasized democracy as part of basic structure?
✅ A) Indira Gandhi v. Raj Narain (1975)
B) Kesavananda Bharati (1973)
C) Minerva Mills (1980)
D) S.R. Bommai (1994)
Explanation: Indira Gandhi v. Raj Narain emphasized democracy.
Q61. Which case emphasized republic as part of basic structure?
✅ A) Kesavananda Bharati (1973)
B) Minerva Mills (1980)
C) S.R. Bommai (1994)
D) Berubari Union (1960)
Explanation: Kesavananda Bharati emphasized republic.
Q62. Which case emphasized justice as part of basic structure?
✅ A) Minerva Mills (1980)
B) Kesavananda Bharati (1973)
C) S.R. Bommai (1994)
D) Berubari Union (1960)
Explanation: Minerva Mills emphasized justice.
Q63. Which case emphasized liberty as part of basic structure?
✅ A) Kesavananda Bharati (1973)
B) Minerva Mills (1980)
C) S.R. Bommai (1994)
D) Berubari Union (1960)
Explanation: Kesavananda Bharati emphasized liberty.
Q64. Which case emphasized equality as part of basic structure?
✅ A) Indira Gandhi v. Raj Narain (1975)
B) Kesavananda Bharati (1973)
C) Minerva Mills (1980)
D) S.R. Bommai (1994)
Explanation: Indira Gandhi v. Raj Narain emphasized equality.
Q65. Which case emphasized fraternity as essential for unity of India?
✅ A) Kesavananda Bharati (1973)
B) Minerva Mills (1980)
C) S.R. Bommai (1994)
D) Berubari Union (1960)
Explanation: Kesavananda Bharati emphasized fraternity.
Q66. Which case held that Preamble cannot override express provisions of Constitution?
✅ A) Berubari Union (1960)
B) Kesavananda Bharati (1973)
C) Minerva Mills (1980)
D) S.R. Bommai (1994)
Explanation: Berubari Union held Preamble cannot override provisions.
Q67. Which case held that Preamble is key to interpret ambiguous provisions?
✅ A) Kesavananda Bharati (1973)
B) Minerva Mills (1980)
C) S.R. Bommai (1994)
D) Berubari Union (1960)
Explanation: Kesavananda Bharati held Preamble aids interpretation.
Q68. Which case held that Preamble reflects basic philosophy of Constitution?
✅ A) Minerva Mills (1980)
B) Kesavananda Bharati (1973)
C) S.R. Bommai (1994)
D) Berubari Union (1960)
Explanation: Minerva Mills held Preamble reflects philosophy.
Q69. Which case held that secularism is implicit in Preamble?
✅ A) S.R. Bommai (1994)
B) Kesavananda Bharati (1973)
C) Minerva Mills (1980)
D) Berubari Union (1960)
Explanation: S.R. Bommai held secularism implicit in Preamble.
Q70. Which case held that socialism guides interpretation of Directive Principles?
✅ A) Samatha v. State of Andhra Pradesh (1997)
B) Kesavananda Bharati (1973)
C) Minerva Mills (1980)
D) Berubari Union (1960)
Explanation: Samatha case linked socialism with DPSPs.
Q71. Which case held that democracy is essence of Preamble?
✅ A) Indira Gandhi v. Raj Narain (1975)
B) Kesavananda Bharati (1973)
C) Minerva Mills (1980)
D) S.R. Bommai (1994)
Explanation: Indira Gandhi v. Raj Narain emphasized democracy.
Q72. Which case held that liberty is essential for dignity of individual?
✅ A) Kesavananda Bharati (1973)
B) Minerva Mills (1980)
C) S.R. Bommai (1994)
D) Berubari Union (1960)
Explanation: Kesavananda Bharati emphasized liberty for dignity.
Q73. Which case held that equality is foundation of democracy?
✅ A) Indira Gandhi v. Raj Narain (1975)
B) Kesavananda Bharati (1973)
C) Minerva Mills (1980)
D) S.R. Bommai (1994)
Explanation: Indira Gandhi v. Raj Narain emphasized equality.
Q74. Which case held that fraternity ensures unity and integrity of nation?
✅ A) Kesavananda Bharati (1973)
B) Minerva Mills (1980)
C) S.R. Bommai (1994)
D) Berubari Union (1960)
Explanation: Kesavananda Bharati emphasized fraternity.
Q75. Which case held that Preamble is not enforceable in court but guides interpretation?
✅ A) Kesavananda Bharati (1973)
B) Minerva Mills (1980)
C) S.R. Bommai (1994)
D) Berubari Union (1960)
Explanation: Kesavananda Bharati held Preamble is non‑justiciable but guiding.
Q76. Which case described the Preamble as the “identity card of the Constitution”?
✅ A) Kesavananda Bharati (1973)
B) Berubari Union (1960)
C) Minerva Mills (1980)
D) S.R. Bommai (1994)
Explanation: Kesavananda Bharati described Preamble as identity card.
Q77. Which case held that Preamble is non‑justiciable but guiding?
✅ A) Kesavananda Bharati (1973)
B) Minerva Mills (1980)
C) S.R. Bommai (1994)
D) Berubari Union (1960)
Explanation: Kesavananda Bharati held Preamble is non‑justiciable.
Q78. Which case emphasized that Preamble reflects the philosophy of the Constitution?
✅ A) Minerva Mills (1980)
B) Kesavananda Bharati (1973)
C) S.R. Bommai (1994)
D) Berubari Union (1960)
Explanation: Minerva Mills emphasized philosophy.
Q79. Which case emphasized secularism as implicit in the Preamble?
✅ A) S.R. Bommai (1994)
B) Kesavananda Bharati (1973)
C) Minerva Mills (1980)
D) Berubari Union (1960)
Explanation: S.R. Bommai emphasized secularism.
Q80. Which case emphasized socialism as guiding Directive Principles?
✅ A) Samatha v. State of Andhra Pradesh (1997)
B) Kesavananda Bharati (1973)
C) Minerva Mills (1980)
D) Berubari Union (1960)
Explanation: Samatha case emphasized socialism.
Q81. Which case emphasized democracy as essence of Preamble?
✅ A) Indira Gandhi v. Raj Narain (1975)
B) Kesavananda Bharati (1973)
C) Minerva Mills (1980)
D) S.R. Bommai (1994)
Explanation: Indira Gandhi v. Raj Narain emphasized democracy.
Q82. Which case emphasized liberty as essential for dignity?
✅ A) Kesavananda Bharati (1973)
B) Minerva Mills (1980)
C) S.R. Bommai (1994)
D) Berubari Union (1960)
Explanation: Kesavananda Bharati emphasized liberty.
Q83. Which case emphasized equality as foundation of democracy?
✅ A) Indira Gandhi v. Raj Narain (1975)
B) Kesavananda Bharati (1973)
C) Minerva Mills (1980)
D) S.R. Bommai (1994)
Explanation: Indira Gandhi v. Raj Narain emphasized equality.
Q84. Which case emphasized fraternity as essential for unity?
✅ A) Kesavananda Bharati (1973)
B) Minerva Mills (1980)
C) S.R. Bommai (1994)
D) Berubari Union (1960)
Explanation: Kesavananda Bharati emphasized fraternity.
Q85. The Preamble of India is inspired by which country’s Constitution?
✅ A) USA
B) UK
C) France
D) Ireland
Explanation: Indian Preamble inspired by US Constitution.
Q86. The ideals of Liberty, Equality, Fraternity in the Preamble are borrowed from:
✅ A) French Revolution
B) US Constitution
C) UK Constitution
D) Irish Constitution
Explanation: Liberty, Equality, Fraternity borrowed from French Revolution.
Q87. The concept of Sovereignty in the Preamble is borrowed from:
✅ A) UK
B) USA
C) France
D) Ireland
Explanation: Sovereignty borrowed from UK.
Q88. The concept of Justice in the Preamble is borrowed from:
✅ A) USSR
B) USA
C) France
D) UK
Explanation: Justice borrowed from USSR.
Q89. Assertion (A): The Preamble is part of the Constitution.
Reason (R): Kesavananda Bharati case held it so.
✅ A) Both A and R true, R is correct explanation
B) Both A and R true, R not explanation
C) A true, R false
D) A false, R true
Explanation: Both true, R is correct explanation.
Q90. Assertion (A): The Preamble is enforceable in court.
Reason (R): It provides justiciable rights.
✅ A) Both A and R false
B) Both A and R true
C) A true, R false
D) A false, R true
Explanation: Preamble is non‑justiciable.
Q91. Assertion (A): The Preamble reflects philosophy of Constitution.
Reason (R): It provides guiding principles for interpretation.
✅ A) Both A and R true, R is correct explanation
B) Both A and R true, R not explanation
C) A true, R false
D) A false, R true
Explanation: Both true, R is correct explanation.
Q92. Match the following:
1. Sovereign → Independence
2. Socialist → Social & economic justice
3. Secular → Equal respect for religions
4. Republic → Elected Head of State
✅ Correct Match: 1‑Independence, 2‑Social & economic justice, 3‑Equal respect, 4‑Elected Head.
Q93. Match the following:
1. Justice → Social, Economic, Political
2. Liberty → Thought, Expression, Belief, Faith, Worship
3. Equality → Status & Opportunity
4. Fraternity → Unity & Integrity
✅ Correct Match: 1‑Social/Economic/Political, 2‑Thought/Expression/Belief/Faith/Worship, 3‑Status & Opportunity, 4‑Unity & Integrity.
Q94. Assertion (A): The Preamble was amended twice.
Reason (R): 42nd and 44th Amendments.
✅ A) A false, R false
B) A true, R false
C) A false, R true
D) A true, R true
Explanation: Preamble amended only once (42nd).
Q95. Assertion (A): The Preamble is called the soul of the Constitution.
Reason (R): It embodies philosophy and objectives.
✅ A) Both A and R true, R is correct explanation
B) Both A and R true, R not explanation
C) A true, R false
D) A false, R true
Explanation: Both true, R is correct explanation.
Q96. Assertion (A): The Preamble is a source of power.
Reason (R): It grants enforceable rights.
✅ A) Both A and R false
B) Both A and R true
C) A true, R false
D) A false, R true
Explanation: Preamble is not source of power.
Q97. Assertion (A): The Preamble is a source of limitations.
Reason (R): It restricts Parliament’s power.
✅ A) Both A and R false
B) Both A and R true
C) A true, R false
D) A false, R true
Explanation: Preamble is not source of limitations.
Q98. Assertion (A): The Preamble is non‑justiciable.
Reason (R): It cannot be enforced in court.
✅ A) Both A and R true, R is correct explanation
B) Both A and R true, R not explanation
C) A true, R false
D) A false, R true
Explanation: Both true, R is correct explanation.
Q99. Assertion (A): The Preamble reflects the will of the people.
Reason (R): It begins with “We, the people of India”.
✅ A) Both A and R true, R is correct explanation
B) Both A and R true, R not explanation
C) A true, R false
D) A false, R true
Explanation: Both true, R is correct explanation.
Q100. Assertion (A): The Preamble is a mini‑Constitution.
Reason (R): It summarizes philosophy and objectives.
✅ A) Both A and R true, R is correct explanation
B) Both A and R true, R not explanation
C) A true, R false
D) A false, R true
Explanation: Both true, R is correct explanation.
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