Humidity| Cloud | Rain
a) Amount of water vapor in air ✅
b) Amount of oxygen in air
c) Amount of nitrogen in air
d) Amount of carbon dioxide in air
Explanation: Humidity refers to water vapor present in atmosphere.
2. What is absolute humidity?
a) Mass of water vapor per unit volume of air ✅
b) Ratio of water vapor to dry air
c) Percentage of water vapor in air
d) Mass of water vapor per unit mass of air
Explanation: Absolute humidity is expressed in g/m³.
3. What is specific humidity?
a) Mass of water vapor per unit mass of air ✅
b) Mass of water vapor per unit volume of air
c) Ratio of water vapor to dry air
d) Percentage of water vapor in air
Explanation: Specific humidity is expressed in g/kg.
4. What is relative humidity?
a) Ratio of actual vapor pressure to saturation vapor pressure ✅
b) Mass of water vapor per unit volume of air
c) Mass of water vapor per unit mass of air
d) Percentage of oxygen in air
Explanation: Relative humidity is expressed as a percentage.
5. What is dew point?
a) Temperature at which air becomes saturated ✅
b) Temperature at which air becomes dry
c) Temperature at which air loses oxygen
d) Temperature at which air expands
Explanation: Dew point is the temperature when condensation begins.
6. What happens when relative humidity reaches 100%?
a) Condensation occurs ✅
b) Evaporation occurs
c) Air becomes dry
d) Air expands
Explanation: At 100% RH, air is saturated and condensation begins.
7. Which process adds water vapor to air?
a) Evaporation ✅
b) Condensation
c) Precipitation
d) Sublimation
Explanation: Evaporation adds water vapor to atmosphere.
8. Which process removes water vapor from air?
a) Condensation ✅
b) Evaporation
c) Sublimation
d) Radiation
Explanation: Condensation removes water vapor, forming droplets.
9. Which instrument measures humidity?
a) Hygrometer ✅
b) Barometer
c) Rain gauge
d) Thermometer
Explanation: Hygrometer measures atmospheric humidity.
10. Which instrument measures relative humidity?
a) Psychrometer ✅
b) Hygrometer
c) Rain gauge
d) Thermometer
Explanation: Psychrometer uses wet and dry bulb thermometers.
11. Which instrument measures dew point?
a) Dew point hygrometer ✅
b) Barometer
c) Rain gauge
d) Thermometer
Explanation: Dew point hygrometer measures saturation temperature.
12. Which factor increases humidity?
a) Evaporation ✅
b) Condensation
c) Precipitation
d) Radiation
Explanation: Evaporation adds moisture to air.
13. Which factor decreases humidity?
a) Condensation ✅
b) Evaporation
c) Radiation
d) Sublimation
Explanation: Condensation reduces water vapor in air.
14. Which factor affects humidity most?
a) Temperature ✅
b) Pressure
c) Latitude
d) Longitude
Explanation: Warm air holds more water vapor than cold air.
15. Which factor affects dew point most?
a) Moisture content ✅
b) Pressure
c) Latitude
d) Longitude
Explanation: Dew point depends on moisture in air.
16. Which factor affects evaporation most?
a) Temperature ✅
b) Pressure
c) Latitude
d) Longitude
Explanation: Higher temperature increases evaporation.
17. Which factor affects condensation most?
a) Cooling ✅
b) Heating
c) Radiation
d) Latitude
Explanation: Cooling air leads to condensation.
18. Which factor affects rainfall most?
a) Humidity ✅
b) Pressure
c) Latitude
d) Longitude
Explanation: High humidity increases rainfall chances.
19. Which factor affects fog formation most?
a) Cooling + high humidity ✅
b) Heating + low humidity
c) Radiation + dry air
d) Latitude + longitude
Explanation: Fog forms when air cools and saturates.
20. Which factor affects cloud formation most?
a) Rising air ✅
b) Descending air
c) Radiation
d) Latitude
Explanation: Rising air cools and condenses to form clouds.
21. Which factor affects rainfall distribution most?
a) Wind + topography ✅
b) Latitude only
c) Longitude only
d) Pressure only
Explanation: Winds and mountains influence rainfall patterns.
22. Which factor affects drought most?
a) Lack of rainfall ✅
b) Excess rainfall
c) High pressure
d) Low pressure
Explanation: Droughts occur due to insufficient rainfall.
23. Which factor affects flood most?
a) Excess rainfall ✅
b) Lack of rainfall
c) High pressure
d) Low pressure
Explanation: Floods occur due to heavy rainfall.
24. Which factor affects humidity in coastal areas?
a) Proximity to ocean ✅
b) Latitude
c) Longitude
d) Pressure
Explanation: Oceans increase humidity in coastal regions.
25. Which factor affects humidity in deserts?
a) Lack of water bodies ✅
b) Latitude
c) Longitude
d) Pressure
Explanation: Deserts have low humidity due to absence of water sources.
26. Which instrument measures humidity directly?
a) Hygrometer ✅
b) Barometer
c) Rain gauge
d) Thermometer
Explanation: Hygrometer measures atmospheric humidity.
27. Which instrument uses wet and dry bulb thermometers?
a) Psychrometer ✅
b) Hygrometer
c) Rain gauge
d) Thermometer
Explanation: Psychrometer compares wet and dry bulb readings.
28. Which instrument measures dew point?
a) Dew point hygrometer ✅
b) Barometer
c) Rain gauge
d) Thermometer
Explanation: Dew point hygrometer measures saturation temperature.
29. Which instrument measures evaporation?
a) Atmometer ✅
b) Barometer
c) Hygrometer
d) Rain gauge
Explanation: Atmometer measures evaporation rates.
30. Which instrument measures rainfall?
a) Rain gauge ✅
b) Barometer
c) Hygrometer
d) Thermometer
Explanation: Rain gauge records precipitation.
31. Which instrument measures sunshine duration?
a) Campbell‑Stokes recorder ✅
b) Barometer
c) Hygrometer
d) Rain gauge
Explanation: Campbell‑Stokes recorder measures hours of sunshine.
32. Which instrument measures solar radiation?
a) Pyranometer ✅
b) Barometer
c) Hygrometer
d) Rain gauge
Explanation: Pyranometer measures solar radiation intensity.
33. Which instrument measures cloud height?
a) Ceilometer ✅
b) Barometer
c) Hygrometer
d) Rain gauge
Explanation: Ceilometer measures cloud base altitude.
34. Which instrument measures upper air conditions?
a) Radiosonde ✅
b) Barometer
c) Hygrometer
d) Rain gauge
Explanation: Radiosonde records temperature, pressure, humidity aloft.
35. Which instrument measures visibility?
a) Transmissometer ✅
b) Barometer
c) Hygrometer
d) Rain gauge
Explanation: Transmissometer measures atmospheric visibility.
36. Which instrument measures ozone concentration?
a) Dobson spectrophotometer ✅
b) Barometer
c) Hygrometer
d) Rain gauge
Explanation: Dobson spectrophotometer measures ozone levels.
37. Which instrument measures greenhouse gases?
a) Infrared gas analyzer ✅
b) Barometer
c) Hygrometer
d) Rain gauge
Explanation: Infrared gas analyzer detects CO₂ and methane.
38. Which instrument measures atmospheric particles?
a) Nephelometer ✅
b) Barometer
c) Hygrometer
d) Rain gauge
Explanation: Nephelometer measures aerosols and fog density.
39. Which instrument measures cloud cover?
a) Nephoscope ✅
b) Barometer
c) Hygrometer
d) Rain gauge
Explanation: Nephoscope observes cloud movement and cover.
40. Which instrument measures atmospheric moisture electronically?
a) Electronic hygrometer ✅
b) Barometer
c) Rain gauge
d) Thermometer
Explanation: Electronic hygrometer uses sensors for humidity.
41. Which instrument measures vapor pressure?
a) Psychrometer ✅
b) Barometer
c) Rain gauge
d) Thermometer
Explanation: Psychrometer readings help calculate vapor pressure.
42. Which instrument measures saturation deficit?
a) Psychrometer ✅
b) Barometer
c) Rain gauge
d) Thermometer
Explanation: Psychrometer helps determine saturation deficit.
43. Which instrument measures cloud type?
a) Visual observation ✅
b) Barometer
c) Hygrometer
d) Rain gauge
Explanation: Cloud types are classified by visual observation.
44. Which instrument measures rainfall intensity?
a) Tipping bucket rain gauge ✅
b) Barometer
c) Hygrometer
d) Thermometer
Explanation: Tipping bucket rain gauge records rainfall intensity.
45. Which instrument measures snowfall?
a) Snow gauge ✅
b) Barometer
c) Hygrometer
d) Thermometer
Explanation: Snow gauge measures solid precipitation.
46. Which instrument measures fog density?
a) Nephelometer ✅
b) Barometer
c) Hygrometer
d) Rain gauge
Explanation: Nephelometer measures fog particle concentration.
47. Which instrument measures cloud motion?
a) Nephoscope ✅
b) Barometer
c) Hygrometer
d) Rain gauge
Explanation: Nephoscope tracks cloud movement.
48. Which instrument measures evaporation pan loss?
a) Class A evaporation pan ✅
b) Barometer
c) Hygrometer
d) Rain gauge
Explanation: Class A pan measures evaporation rates.
49. Which instrument measures atmospheric water vapor remotely?
a) Lidar ✅
b) Barometer
c) Hygrometer
d) Rain gauge
Explanation: Lidar uses lasers to measure water vapor.
50. Which instrument measures rainfall using radar?
a) Weather radar ✅
b) Barometer
c) Hygrometer
d) Thermometer
Explanation: Weather radar detects rainfall intensity and distribution.
51. What is dew point?
a) Temperature at which air becomes saturated ✅
b) Temperature at which air becomes dry
c) Temperature at which air loses oxygen
d) Temperature at which air expands
Explanation: Dew point is the temperature when condensation begins.
52. What forms when air temperature falls below dew point?
a) Dew ✅
b) Fog
c) Rain
d) Snow
Explanation: Dew forms on surfaces when air cools below dew point.
53. What forms when dew point is below freezing?
a) Frost ✅
b) Dew
c) Fog
d) Rain
Explanation: Frost forms when water vapor deposits as ice.
54. What forms when dew point is reached near ground?
a) Fog ✅
b) Dew
c) Rain
d) Snow
Explanation: Fog forms when air near surface saturates.
55. What process converts vapor into liquid?
a) Condensation ✅
b) Evaporation
c) Sublimation
d) Radiation
Explanation: Condensation changes vapor into liquid water.
56. What process converts liquid into vapor?
a) Evaporation ✅
b) Condensation
c) Sublimation
d) Radiation
Explanation: Evaporation changes liquid into vapor.
57. What process converts vapor directly into solid?
a) Deposition ✅
b) Sublimation
c) Condensation
d) Evaporation
Explanation: Deposition forms frost without liquid stage.
58. What process converts solid directly into vapor?
a) Sublimation ✅
b) Deposition
c) Condensation
d) Evaporation
Explanation: Sublimation occurs in ice turning into vapor.
59. Which factor increases evaporation?
a) High temperature ✅
b) Low temperature
c) High humidity
d) Calm winds
Explanation: Warm air speeds up evaporation.
60. Which factor decreases evaporation?
a) High humidity ✅
b) Low humidity
c) High temperature
d) Strong winds
Explanation: High humidity slows evaporation.
61. Which factor increases condensation?
a) Cooling ✅
b) Heating
c) Radiation
d) Latitude
Explanation: Cooling air leads to condensation.
62. Which factor decreases condensation?
a) Heating ✅
b) Cooling
c) Radiation
d) Latitude
Explanation: Heating prevents condensation.
63. Which factor increases dew formation?
a) Clear nights ✅
b) Cloudy nights
c) Strong winds
d) High pressure
Explanation: Clear nights allow cooling, forming dew.
64. Which factor decreases dew formation?
a) Cloudy nights ✅
b) Clear nights
c) Calm winds
d) High humidity
Explanation: Clouds trap heat, reducing dew.
65. Which factor increases fog formation?
a) High humidity + cooling ✅
b) Low humidity + heating
c) Strong winds
d) Cloudy nights
Explanation: Fog forms when air cools and saturates.
66. Which factor decreases fog formation?
a) Strong winds ✅
b) Calm winds
c) High humidity
d) Cooling
Explanation: Strong winds mix air, preventing fog.
67. Which factor increases frost formation?
a) Freezing dew point ✅
b) Warm dew point
c) Cloudy nights
d) Strong winds
Explanation: Frost forms when dew point is below freezing.
68. Which factor decreases frost formation?
a) Cloudy nights ✅
b) Clear nights
c) Calm winds
d) Low humidity
Explanation: Clouds trap heat, preventing frost.
69. Which factor increases evaporation in deserts?
a) High temperature + low humidity ✅
b) Low temperature + high humidity
c) Cloudy nights
d) Calm winds
Explanation: Hot, dry air accelerates evaporation.
70. Which factor decreases evaporation in polar regions?
a) Low temperature ✅
b) High temperature
c) Strong winds
d) Low humidity
Explanation: Cold air reduces evaporation.
71. Which factor increases condensation in tropics?
a) High humidity ✅
b) Low humidity
c) Strong winds
d) Cloudy nights
Explanation: Humid tropical air condenses easily.
72. Which factor decreases condensation in deserts?
a) Low humidity ✅
b) High humidity
c) Clear nights
d) Calm winds
Explanation: Dry desert air resists condensation.
73. Which factor increases dew point temperature?
a) High moisture content ✅
b) Low moisture content
c) Strong winds
d) Cloudy nights
Explanation: More moisture raises dew point.
74. Which factor decreases dew point temperature?
a) Low moisture content ✅
b) High moisture content
c) Calm winds
d) Clear nights
Explanation: Less moisture lowers dew point.
75. Which factor increases evaporation over oceans?
a) Warm water + winds ✅
b) Cold water + calm air
c) Cloudy nights
d) Low humidity
Explanation: Warm ocean water and winds enhance evaporation.
76. What are high clouds above 6 km called?
a) Cirrus ✅
b) Cumulus
c) Stratus
d) Nimbus
Explanation: Cirrus clouds are thin, wispy clouds at high altitudes.
77. What are middle clouds between 2–6 km called?
a) Altostratus ✅
b) Cirrus
c) Cumulus
d) Nimbus
Explanation: Altostratus clouds form in mid‑levels of atmosphere.
78. What are low clouds below 2 km called?
a) Stratus ✅
b) Cirrus
c) Cumulus
d) Nimbus
Explanation: Stratus clouds are layered and near surface.
79. What are fluffy, cotton‑like clouds called?
a) Cumulus ✅
b) Cirrus
c) Stratus
d) Nimbus
Explanation: Cumulus clouds are puffy and white.
80. What are rain‑bearing clouds called?
a) Nimbus ✅
b) Cirrus
c) Stratus
d) Cumulus
Explanation: Nimbus clouds produce precipitation.
81. What are cirrus clouds made of?
a) Ice crystals ✅
b) Water droplets
c) Dust particles
d) Smoke
Explanation: Cirrus clouds form from ice crystals at high altitude.
82. What are stratus clouds made of?
a) Water droplets ✅
b) Ice crystals
c) Dust particles
d) Smoke
Explanation: Stratus clouds are low, layered water droplet clouds.
83. What are cumulus clouds made of?
a) Water droplets ✅
b) Ice crystals
c) Dust particles
d) Smoke
Explanation: Cumulus clouds are formed by convection of moist air.
84. What are cumulonimbus clouds?
a) Thunderstorm clouds ✅
b) Cirrus clouds
c) Stratus clouds
d) Altostratus clouds
Explanation: Cumulonimbus clouds are tall, storm‑producing clouds.
85. What are altocumulus clouds?
a) Mid‑level puffy clouds ✅
b) High wispy clouds
c) Low layered clouds
d) Rain clouds
Explanation: Altocumulus clouds are mid‑level cumulus formations.
86. What are altostratus clouds?
a) Mid‑level layered clouds ✅
b) High wispy clouds
c) Low layered clouds
d) Rain clouds
Explanation: Altostratus clouds cover sky with gray sheets.
87. What are cirrostratus clouds?
a) High thin sheets ✅
b) Puffy clouds
c) Rain clouds
d) Low layered clouds
Explanation: Cirrostratus clouds form halos around sun/moon.
88. What are cirrocumulus clouds?
a) High small puffs ✅
b) Rain clouds
c) Low layered clouds
d) Thunderstorm clouds
Explanation: Cirrocumulus clouds look like ripples at high altitude.
89. What are stratocumulus clouds?
a) Low lumpy clouds ✅
b) High wispy clouds
c) Rain clouds
d) Thunderstorm clouds
Explanation: Stratocumulus clouds are low, gray, lumpy formations.
90. What are nimbostratus clouds?
a) Rain‑bearing layered clouds ✅
b) High wispy clouds
c) Puffy clouds
d) Thunderstorm clouds
Explanation: Nimbostratus clouds bring continuous rain.
91. What are lenticular clouds?
a) Lens‑shaped clouds ✅
b) Puffy clouds
c) Rain clouds
d) Wispy clouds
Explanation: Lenticular clouds form near mountains.
92. What are mammatus clouds?
a) Pouch‑like clouds ✅
b) Puffy clouds
c) Rain clouds
d) Wispy clouds
Explanation: Mammatus clouds hang like pouches beneath cumulonimbus.
93. What are noctilucent clouds?
a) Night‑shining clouds ✅
b) Puffy clouds
c) Rain clouds
d) Wispy clouds
Explanation: Noctilucent clouds glow at twilight in mesosphere.
94. What are fog clouds?
a) Clouds near ground ✅
b) High wispy clouds
c) Rain clouds
d) Puffy clouds
Explanation: Fog is cloud formed at surface level.
95. What are contrail clouds?
a) Clouds formed by aircraft ✅
b) Rain clouds
c) Puffy clouds
d) Wispy clouds
Explanation: Contrails are condensation trails from airplanes.
96. What are pileus clouds?
a) Cap clouds ✅
b) Puffy clouds
c) Rain clouds
d) Wispy clouds
Explanation: Pileus clouds form as caps over cumulus towers.
97. What are fractus clouds?
a) Broken fragments ✅
b) Puffy clouds
c) Rain clouds
d) Wispy clouds
Explanation: Fractus clouds are irregular fragments of larger clouds.
98. What are virga clouds?
a) Clouds with falling rain that evaporates ✅
b) Puffy clouds
c) Rain clouds
d) Wispy clouds
Explanation: Virga clouds show streaks of rain that don’t reach ground.
99. What are wall clouds?
a) Clouds attached to cumulonimbus base ✅
b) Puffy clouds
c) Rain clouds
d) Wispy clouds
Explanation: Wall clouds are linked to severe thunderstorms.
100. What are shelf clouds?
a) Horizontal wedge clouds ✅
b) Puffy clouds
c) Rain clouds
d) Wispy clouds
Explanation: Shelf clouds form along thunderstorm gust fronts.
101. Which clouds form above 6 km altitude?
a) High clouds ✅
b) Middle clouds
c) Low clouds
d) Fog
Explanation: High clouds include cirrus, cirrostratus, cirrocumulus.
102. Which clouds form between 2–6 km altitude?
a) Middle clouds ✅
b) High clouds
c) Low clouds
d) Fog
Explanation: Middle clouds include altostratus, altocumulus.
103. Which clouds form below 2 km altitude?
a) Low clouds ✅
b) High clouds
c) Middle clouds
d) Fog
Explanation: Low clouds include stratus, stratocumulus, nimbostratus.
104. Which high cloud is thin and wispy?
a) Cirrus ✅
b) Altostratus
c) Stratus
d) Cumulus
Explanation: Cirrus clouds are delicate, hair‑like formations.
105. Which high cloud forms halos around sun/moon?
a) Cirrostratus ✅
b) Cirrus
c) Altostratus
d) Stratus
Explanation: Cirrostratus clouds produce halo phenomena.
106. Which high cloud looks like ripples or fish scales?
a) Cirrocumulus ✅
b) Cirrus
c) Altocumulus
d) Stratus
Explanation: Cirrocumulus clouds resemble small ripples.
107. Which middle cloud is gray and layered?
a) Altostratus ✅
b) Cirrus
c) Stratus
d) Nimbus
Explanation: Altostratus clouds cover sky with uniform sheets.
108. Which middle cloud is puffy and white?
a) Altocumulus ✅
b) Cirrus
c) Stratus
d) Nimbus
Explanation: Altocumulus clouds are mid‑level cumulus forms.
109. Which low cloud is flat and layered?
a) Stratus ✅
b) Cirrus
c) Altostratus
d) Cumulus
Explanation: Stratus clouds form gray sheets near surface.
110. Which low cloud is lumpy and gray?
a) Stratocumulus ✅
b) Cirrus
c) Altostratus
d) Cumulus
Explanation: Stratocumulus clouds are low, lumpy formations.
111. Which low cloud brings continuous rain?
a) Nimbostratus ✅
b) Cirrus
c) Altostratus
d) Cumulus
Explanation: Nimbostratus clouds produce steady precipitation.
112. Which cloud type is tallest and storm‑producing?
a) Cumulonimbus ✅
b) Cirrus
c) Stratus
d) Altostratus
Explanation: Cumulonimbus clouds extend vertically, causing storms.
113. Which cloud type is linked to thunderstorms?
a) Cumulonimbus ✅
b) Cirrus
c) Stratus
d) Altostratus
Explanation: Cumulonimbus clouds generate lightning and thunder.
114. Which cloud type is linked to fog?
a) Stratus ✅
b) Cirrus
c) Altostratus
d) Cumulus
Explanation: Fog is essentially stratus cloud at ground level.
115. Which cloud type is linked to hail?
a) Cumulonimbus ✅
b) Cirrus
c) Stratus
d) Altostratus
Explanation: Strong updrafts in cumulonimbus clouds form hail.
116. Which cloud type is linked to snow?
a) Nimbostratus ✅
b) Cirrus
c) Altostratus
d) Cumulus
Explanation: Nimbostratus clouds produce steady snow.
117. Which cloud type is linked to drizzle?
a) Stratus ✅
b) Cirrus
c) Altostratus
d) Cumulus
Explanation: Stratus clouds produce light drizzle.
118. Which cloud type is linked to heavy showers?
a) Cumulonimbus ✅
b) Cirrus
c) Altostratus
d) Stratus
Explanation: Cumulonimbus clouds cause intense rainfall.
119. Which cloud type is linked to fair weather?
a) Cumulus ✅
b) Cirrus
c) Altostratus
d) Stratus
Explanation: Cumulus clouds often indicate fair weather.
120. Which cloud type is linked to halos?
a) Cirrostratus ✅
b) Cirrus
c) Altostratus
d) Stratus
Explanation: Cirrostratus clouds produce halo effects.
121. Which cloud type is linked to ripples?
a) Cirrocumulus ✅
b) Cirrus
c) Altostratus
d) Stratus
Explanation: Cirrocumulus clouds appear as ripples in sky.
122. Which cloud type is linked to mid‑level sheets?
a) Altostratus ✅
b) Cirrus
c) Stratus
d) Cumulus
Explanation: Altostratus clouds cover sky with gray sheets.
123. Which cloud type is linked to mid‑level puffs?
a) Altocumulus ✅
b) Cirrus
c) Stratus
d) Nimbus
Explanation: Altocumulus clouds are mid‑level cumulus forms.
124. Which cloud type is linked to continuous rain?
a) Nimbostratus ✅
b) Cirrus
c) Altostratus
d) Cumulus
Explanation: Nimbostratus clouds bring steady rainfall.
125. Which cloud type is linked to violent thunderstorms?
a) Cumulonimbus ✅
b) Cirrus
c) Altostratus
d) Stratus
Explanation: Cumulonimbus clouds produce severe thunderstorms.
126. What are lenticular clouds shaped like?
a) Lens ✅
b) Cotton
c) Sheet
d) Puff
Explanation: Lenticular clouds form lens‑shaped structures near mountains.
127. What are mammatus clouds shaped like?
a) Pouches ✅
b) Lens
c) Sheet
d) Puff
Explanation: Mammatus clouds hang like pouches beneath cumulonimbus.
128. What are noctilucent clouds?
a) Night‑shining clouds ✅
b) Puffy clouds
c) Rain clouds
d) Wispy clouds
Explanation: Noctilucent clouds glow at twilight in mesosphere.
129. What are contrail clouds?
a) Clouds formed by aircraft ✅
b) Rain clouds
c) Puffy clouds
d) Wispy clouds
Explanation: Contrails are condensation trails from airplanes.
130. What are pileus clouds?
a) Cap clouds ✅
b) Puffy clouds
c) Rain clouds
d) Wispy clouds
Explanation: Pileus clouds form as caps over cumulus towers.
131. What are fractus clouds?
a) Broken fragments ✅
b) Puffy clouds
c) Rain clouds
d) Wispy clouds
Explanation: Fractus clouds are irregular fragments of larger clouds.
132. What are virga clouds?
a) Clouds with rain that evaporates ✅
b) Puffy clouds
c) Rain clouds
d) Wispy clouds
Explanation: Virga clouds show streaks of rain that don’t reach ground.
133. What are wall clouds?
a) Clouds attached to cumulonimbus base ✅
b) Puffy clouds
c) Rain clouds
d) Wispy clouds
Explanation: Wall clouds are linked to severe thunderstorms.
134. What are shelf clouds?
a) Horizontal wedge clouds ✅
b) Puffy clouds
c) Rain clouds
d) Wispy clouds
Explanation: Shelf clouds form along thunderstorm gust fronts.
135. What are banner clouds?
a) Clouds forming downwind of mountains ✅
b) Puffy clouds
c) Rain clouds
d) Wispy clouds
Explanation: Banner clouds form behind peaks due to airflow.
136. What are roll clouds?
a) Tube‑shaped clouds ✅
b) Puffy clouds
c) Rain clouds
d) Wispy clouds
Explanation: Roll clouds are horizontal tube‑like formations.
137. What are funnel clouds?
a) Tornado clouds not touching ground ✅
b) Puffy clouds
c) Rain clouds
d) Wispy clouds
Explanation: Funnel clouds are rotating columns aloft.
138. What are anvil clouds?
a) Flat‑topped cumulonimbus ✅
b) Puffy clouds
c) Rain clouds
d) Wispy clouds
Explanation: Anvil clouds form at top of thunderstorms.
139. What are asperitas clouds?
a) Wave‑like underside clouds ✅
b) Puffy clouds
c) Rain clouds
d) Wispy clouds
Explanation: Asperitas clouds have dramatic wave patterns.
140. What are nacreous clouds?
a) Polar stratospheric clouds ✅
b) Puffy clouds
c) Rain clouds
d) Wispy clouds
Explanation: Nacreous clouds glow with iridescent colors.
141. What are fog clouds?
a) Clouds near ground ✅
b) High wispy clouds
c) Rain clouds
d) Puffy clouds
Explanation: Fog is cloud formed at surface level.
142. What are smoke clouds?
a) Clouds formed by pollution ✅
b) Puffy clouds
c) Rain clouds
d) Wispy clouds
Explanation: Smoke clouds result from combustion particles.
143. What are volcanic clouds?
a) Clouds formed by eruptions ✅
b) Puffy clouds
c) Rain clouds
d) Wispy clouds
Explanation: Volcanic clouds contain ash and gases.
144. What are dust clouds?
a) Clouds formed by dust storms ✅
b) Puffy clouds
c) Rain clouds
d) Wispy clouds
Explanation: Dust clouds rise from deserts and dry regions.
145. What are ice crystal clouds?
a) Cirrus clouds ✅
b) Stratus clouds
c) Cumulus clouds
d) Nimbus clouds
Explanation: Cirrus clouds are composed of ice crystals.
146. What are thunderstorm clouds?
a) Cumulonimbus ✅
b) Cirrus
c) Stratus
d) Altostratus
Explanation: Cumulonimbus clouds generate thunderstorms.
147. What are rain‑bearing layered clouds?
a) Nimbostratus ✅
b) Cirrus
c) Altostratus
d) Cumulus
Explanation: Nimbostratus clouds bring steady rain.
148. What are fair‑weather clouds?
a) Cumulus ✅
b) Cirrus
c) Stratus
d) Nimbus
Explanation: Cumulus clouds often indicate fair weather.
149. What are halo‑producing clouds?
a) Cirrostratus ✅
b) Cirrus
c) Altostratus
d) Stratus
Explanation: Cirrostratus clouds produce halo effects.
150. What are ripple‑like high clouds?
a) Cirrocumulus ✅
b) Cirrus
c) Altostratus
d) Stratus
Explanation: Cirrocumulus clouds appear as ripples in sky.
151. Which process forms cumulus clouds?
a) Convection ✅
b) Orographic lifting
c) Frontal lifting
d) Radiation cooling
Explanation: Rising warm air by convection forms cumulus clouds.
152. Which process forms clouds on mountains?
a) Orographic lifting ✅
b) Convection
c) Frontal lifting
d) Radiation cooling
Explanation: Air rises over mountains, cools, and condenses.
153. Which process forms clouds along fronts?
a) Frontal lifting ✅
b) Convection
c) Orographic lifting
d) Radiation cooling
Explanation: Warm air rises over cold air at fronts.
154. Which process forms fog at night?
a) Radiation cooling ✅
b) Convection
c) Orographic lifting
d) Frontal lifting
Explanation: Ground cools at night, forming radiation fog.
155. Which process forms thunderstorm clouds?
a) Convection ✅
b) Orographic lifting
c) Frontal lifting
d) Radiation cooling
Explanation: Strong convection forms cumulonimbus clouds.
156. Which process forms rain shadow effect?
a) Orographic lifting ✅
b) Convection
c) Frontal lifting
d) Radiation cooling
Explanation: Mountains block rain, creating dry leeward side.
157. Which process forms cirrus clouds?
a) Frontal lifting ✅
b) Convection
c) Orographic lifting
d) Radiation cooling
Explanation: Cirrus clouds form at high altitudes along fronts.
158. Which process forms stratus clouds?
a) Radiation cooling ✅
b) Convection
c) Orographic lifting
d) Frontal lifting
Explanation: Cooling near surface forms stratus clouds.
159. Which process forms altostratus clouds?
a) Frontal lifting ✅
b) Convection
c) Orographic lifting
d) Radiation cooling
Explanation: Warm air rising over cold air forms altostratus.
160. Which process forms altocumulus clouds?
a) Convection ✅
b) Frontal lifting
c) Orographic lifting
d) Radiation cooling
Explanation: Mid‑level convection forms altocumulus clouds.
161. Which process forms fog in valleys?
a) Radiation cooling ✅
b) Convection
c) Orographic lifting
d) Frontal lifting
Explanation: Cold air settles in valleys, forming fog.
162. Which process forms lenticular clouds?
a) Orographic lifting ✅
b) Convection
c) Frontal lifting
d) Radiation cooling
Explanation: Airflow over mountains forms lens‑shaped clouds.
163. Which process forms mammatus clouds?
a) Convection ✅
b) Orographic lifting
c) Frontal lifting
d) Radiation cooling
Explanation: Strong convection under cumulonimbus forms mammatus.
164. Which process forms noctilucent clouds?
a) Radiation cooling ✅
b) Convection
c) Orographic lifting
d) Frontal lifting
Explanation: Cooling in mesosphere forms noctilucent clouds.
165. Which process forms drizzle?
a) Radiation cooling ✅
b) Convection
c) Orographic lifting
d) Frontal lifting
Explanation: Stratus clouds from cooling produce drizzle.
166. Which process forms heavy showers?
a) Convection ✅
b) Frontal lifting
c) Orographic lifting
d) Radiation cooling
Explanation: Convection forms cumulonimbus with heavy rain.
167. Which process forms continuous rain?
a) Frontal lifting ✅
b) Convection
c) Orographic lifting
d) Radiation cooling
Explanation: Nimbostratus clouds along fronts produce steady rain.
168. Which process forms fog near coasts?
a) Advection ✅
b) Convection
c) Orographic lifting
d) Radiation cooling
Explanation: Warm moist air moves over cold surface, forming fog.
169. Which process forms monsoon clouds?
a) Convection ✅
b) Frontal lifting
c) Orographic lifting
d) Radiation cooling
Explanation: Intense convection in tropics forms monsoon clouds.
170. Which process forms hail?
a) Convection ✅
b) Frontal lifting
c) Orographic lifting
d) Radiation cooling
Explanation: Strong updrafts in cumulonimbus form hailstones.
171. Which process forms snow in mountains?
a) Orographic lifting ✅
b) Convection
c) Frontal lifting
d) Radiation cooling
Explanation: Rising air over mountains cools, forming snow.
172. Which process forms fog in deserts?
a) Radiation cooling ✅
b) Convection
c) Orographic lifting
d) Frontal lifting
Explanation: Desert nights cool rapidly, forming fog.
173. Which process forms cyclonic rain?
a) Frontal lifting ✅
b) Convection
c) Orographic lifting
d) Radiation cooling
Explanation: Cyclones lift warm air over cold fronts.
174. Which process forms orographic rain?
a) Orographic lifting ✅
b) Convection
c) Frontal lifting
d) Radiation cooling
Explanation: Mountains force air upward, causing rain.
175. Which process forms convectional rain?
a) Convection ✅
b) Frontal lifting
c) Orographic lifting
d) Radiation cooling
Explanation: Intense heating causes convectional rainfall.
176. Which rainfall is caused by intense heating?
a) Convectional rainfall ✅
b) Orographic rainfall
c) Cyclonic rainfall
d) Monsoon rainfall
Explanation: Convectional rainfall occurs due to rising heated air.
177. Which rainfall is caused by mountains?
a) Orographic rainfall ✅
b) Convectional rainfall
c) Cyclonic rainfall
d) Monsoon rainfall
Explanation: Mountains force moist air upward, causing rain.
178. Which rainfall is caused by fronts?
a) Cyclonic rainfall ✅
b) Convectional rainfall
c) Orographic rainfall
d) Monsoon rainfall
Explanation: Cyclonic rainfall occurs when warm air rises over cold air.
179. Which rainfall is seasonal in South Asia?
a) Monsoon rainfall ✅
b) Convectional rainfall
c) Orographic rainfall
d) Cyclonic rainfall
Explanation: Monsoon rainfall dominates South Asia seasonally.
180. Which rainfall occurs in equatorial regions?
a) Convectional rainfall ✅
b) Orographic rainfall
c) Cyclonic rainfall
d) Monsoon rainfall
Explanation: Equatorial regions experience daily convectional showers.
181. Which rainfall occurs in coastal mountains?
a) Orographic rainfall ✅
b) Convectional rainfall
c) Cyclonic rainfall
d) Monsoon rainfall
Explanation: Coastal mountains force moist winds upward.
182. Which rainfall occurs in temperate regions?
a) Cyclonic rainfall ✅
b) Convectional rainfall
c) Orographic rainfall
d) Monsoon rainfall
Explanation: Temperate regions experience frontal cyclonic rain.
183. Which rainfall occurs in Indian subcontinent?
a) Monsoon rainfall ✅
b) Convectional rainfall
c) Orographic rainfall
d) Cyclonic rainfall
Explanation: Monsoon rainfall dominates Indian climate.
184. Which rainfall occurs in deserts rarely?
a) Convectional rainfall ✅
b) Orographic rainfall
c) Cyclonic rainfall
d) Monsoon rainfall
Explanation: Deserts occasionally get convectional showers.
185. Which rainfall occurs in Amazon basin?
a) Convectional rainfall ✅
b) Orographic rainfall
c) Cyclonic rainfall
d) Monsoon rainfall
Explanation: Amazon basin experiences daily convectional rain.
186. Which rainfall occurs in Himalayas?
a) Orographic rainfall ✅
b) Convectional rainfall
c) Cyclonic rainfall
d) Monsoon rainfall
Explanation: Himalayas force moist monsoon winds upward.
187. Which rainfall occurs in Europe?
a) Cyclonic rainfall ✅
b) Convectional rainfall
c) Orographic rainfall
d) Monsoon rainfall
Explanation: Europe experiences frontal cyclonic rain.
188. Which rainfall occurs in Western Ghats?
a) Orographic rainfall ✅
b) Convectional rainfall
c) Cyclonic rainfall
d) Monsoon rainfall
Explanation: Western Ghats receive heavy orographic rain.
189. Which rainfall occurs in Cherrapunji?
a) Orographic rainfall ✅
b) Convectional rainfall
c) Cyclonic rainfall
d) Monsoon rainfall
Explanation: Cherrapunji’s rainfall is due to orographic lifting.
190. Which rainfall occurs in deserts due to storms?
a) Cyclonic rainfall ✅
b) Convectional rainfall
c) Orographic rainfall
d) Monsoon rainfall
Explanation: Desert storms can cause cyclonic rain.
191. Which rainfall occurs in ITCZ region?
a) Convectional rainfall ✅
b) Orographic rainfall
c) Cyclonic rainfall
d) Monsoon rainfall
Explanation: ITCZ experiences convectional rainfall.
192. Which rainfall occurs in Mediterranean climate?
a) Cyclonic rainfall ✅
b) Convectional rainfall
c) Orographic rainfall
d) Monsoon rainfall
Explanation: Mediterranean regions get winter cyclonic rain.
193. Which rainfall occurs in savanna climate?
a) Convectional rainfall ✅
b) Orographic rainfall
c) Cyclonic rainfall
d) Monsoon rainfall
Explanation: Savanna regions get convectional showers in summer.
194. Which rainfall occurs in tundra climate?
a) Cyclonic rainfall ✅
b) Convectional rainfall
c) Orographic rainfall
d) Monsoon rainfall
Explanation: Tundra regions get frontal cyclonic precipitation.
195. Which rainfall occurs in monsoon Asia?
a) Monsoon rainfall ✅
b) Convectional rainfall
c) Orographic rainfall
d) Cyclonic rainfall
Explanation: Monsoon rainfall dominates Asia.
196. Which rainfall occurs in Andes mountains?
a) Orographic rainfall ✅
b) Convectional rainfall
c) Cyclonic rainfall
d) Monsoon rainfall
Explanation: Andes mountains force moist winds upward.
197. Which rainfall occurs in Sahara desert?
a) Convectional rainfall ✅
b) Orographic rainfall
c) Cyclonic rainfall
d) Monsoon rainfall
Explanation: Sahara rarely experiences convectional showers.
198. Which rainfall occurs in Great Plains USA?
a) Cyclonic rainfall ✅
b) Convectional rainfall
c) Orographic rainfall
d) Monsoon rainfall
Explanation: Great Plains experience frontal cyclonic rain.
199. Which rainfall occurs in equatorial Africa?
a) Convectional rainfall ✅
b) Orographic rainfall
c) Cyclonic rainfall
d) Monsoon rainfall
Explanation: Equatorial Africa experiences convectional rain.
200. Which rainfall occurs in Indian monsoon season?
a) Monsoon rainfall ✅
b) Convectional rainfall
c) Orographic rainfall
d) Cyclonic rainfall
Explanation: Indian monsoon season brings seasonal rainfall.
201. Which place is the wettest in India?
a) Mawsynram ✅
b) Thar Desert
c) Leh
d) Jaisalmer
Explanation: Mawsynram in Meghalaya receives highest rainfall.
202. Which place is the driest in India?
a) Jaisalmer ✅
b) Mawsynram
c) Cherrapunji
d) Kochi
Explanation: Jaisalmer in Rajasthan is driest due to desert climate.
203. Which place is the wettest in world?
a) Mawsynram ✅
b) Sahara
c) Atacama
d) Death Valley
Explanation: Mawsynram holds record for highest average rainfall.
204. Which place is the driest in world?
a) Atacama Desert ✅
b) Sahara
c) Gobi
d) Kalahari
Explanation: Atacama Desert in Chile is driest desert.
205. Which place is driest in USA?
a) Death Valley ✅
b) Seattle
c) Miami
d) Alaska
Explanation: Death Valley is driest and hottest in USA.
206. Which place is wettest in USA?
a) Hawaii ✅
b) Death Valley
c) Arizona
d) Nevada
Explanation: Hawaii receives highest rainfall in USA.
207. Which place is driest in Africa?
a) Sahara Desert ✅
b) Congo Basin
c) Kalahari
d) Sahel
Explanation: Sahara is largest hot desert in Africa.
208. Which place is wettest in Africa?
a) Cameroon ✅
b) Sahara
c) Kalahari
d) Sahel
Explanation: Cameroon receives heavy rainfall due to equatorial climate.
209. Which place is driest in Asia?
a) Gobi Desert ✅
b) Himalayas
c) Deccan Plateau
d) Siberia
Explanation: Gobi Desert is driest in Asia.
210. Which place is wettest in Asia?
a) Cherrapunji ✅
b) Gobi Desert
c) Siberia
d) Rajasthan
Explanation: Cherrapunji is among wettest places globally.
211. Which place is driest in Australia?
a) Simpson Desert ✅
b) Great Dividing Range
c) Tasmania
d) Perth
Explanation: Simpson Desert is driest in Australia.
212. Which place is wettest in Australia?
a) Bellenden Ker ✅
b) Simpson Desert
c) Perth
d) Alice Springs
Explanation: Bellenden Ker in Queensland is wettest in Australia.
213. Which place is driest in South America?
a) Atacama Desert ✅
b) Amazon Basin
c) Andes
d) Pampas
Explanation: Atacama Desert is driest in South America.
214. Which place is wettest in South America?
a) Amazon Basin ✅
b) Atacama Desert
c) Andes
d) Pampas
Explanation: Amazon Basin receives heavy convectional rainfall.
215. Which place is driest in Europe?
a) AlmerÃa, Spain ✅
b) London
c) Paris
d) Rome
Explanation: AlmerÃa in Spain is driest due to Mediterranean climate.
216. Which place is wettest in Europe?
a) Bergen, Norway ✅
b) AlmerÃa
c) Paris
d) Rome
Explanation: Bergen receives heavy rainfall due to North Atlantic winds.
217. Which place is driest in Antarctica?
a) McMurdo Dry Valleys ✅
b) South Pole
c) Ross Ice Shelf
d) Weddell Sea
Explanation: Dry Valleys are driest due to katabatic winds.
218. Which place is wettest in Antarctica?
a) Coastal regions ✅
b) Dry Valleys
c) South Pole
d) Ross Ice Shelf
Explanation: Coastal Antarctica receives snowfall and precipitation.
219. Which region has rain shadow effect in India?
a) Deccan Plateau ✅
b) Western Ghats
c) Himalayas
d) Meghalaya
Explanation: Deccan Plateau lies in rain shadow of Western Ghats.
220. Which region has rain shadow effect in USA?
a) Great Basin ✅
b) Great Plains
c) Appalachians
d) Florida
Explanation: Great Basin lies in rain shadow of Sierra Nevada.
221. Which region has rain shadow effect in South America?
a) Patagonia ✅
b) Amazon Basin
c) Andes
d) Pampas
Explanation: Patagonia lies in rain shadow of Andes.
222. Which region has rain shadow effect in Africa?
a) Kalahari ✅
b) Sahara
c) Congo Basin
d) Sahel
Explanation: Kalahari lies in rain shadow of highlands.
223. Which region has rain shadow effect in Europe?
a) Po Valley ✅
b) Paris Basin
c) London Basin
d) Rhine Valley
Explanation: Po Valley lies in rain shadow of Alps.
224. Which region has rain shadow effect in Australia?
a) Nullarbor Plain ✅
b) Great Dividing Range
c) Tasmania
d) Perth
Explanation: Nullarbor Plain lies in rain shadow of ranges.
225. Which region has rain shadow effect in New Zealand?
a) Canterbury Plains ✅
b) Auckland
c) Wellington
d) Rotorua
Explanation: Canterbury Plains lie in rain shadow of Southern Alps.
226. Which instrument measures rainfall?
a) Rain gauge ✅
b) Barometer
c) Hygrometer
d) Thermometer
Explanation: Rain gauge records precipitation amounts.
227. Which rain gauge uses tipping buckets?
a) Tipping bucket rain gauge ✅
b) Standard rain gauge
c) Snow gauge
d) Hygrometer
Explanation: Tipping bucket gauge measures rainfall intensity.
228. Which instrument measures snowfall?
a) Snow gauge ✅
b) Rain gauge
c) Hygrometer
d) Barometer
Explanation: Snow gauge measures solid precipitation.
229. Which instrument measures evaporation?
a) Class A evaporation pan ✅
b) Rain gauge
c) Hygrometer
d) Thermometer
Explanation: Class A pan measures evaporation rates.
230. Which instrument measures humidity?
a) Hygrometer ✅
b) Rain gauge
c) Barometer
d) Thermometer
Explanation: Hygrometer measures atmospheric moisture.
231. Which instrument measures relative humidity?
a) Psychrometer ✅
b) Hygrometer
c) Rain gauge
d) Thermometer
Explanation: Psychrometer uses wet and dry bulb thermometers.
232. Which instrument measures cloud height?
a) Ceilometer ✅
b) Rain gauge
c) Hygrometer
d) Thermometer
Explanation: Ceilometer measures cloud base altitude.
233. Which instrument measures upper air conditions?
a) Radiosonde ✅
b) Rain gauge
c) Hygrometer
d) Thermometer
Explanation: Radiosonde records temperature, pressure, humidity aloft.
234. Which instrument measures visibility?
a) Transmissometer ✅
b) Rain gauge
c) Hygrometer
d) Thermometer
Explanation: Transmissometer measures atmospheric visibility.
235. Which instrument measures solar radiation?
a) Pyranometer ✅
b) Rain gauge
c) Hygrometer
d) Thermometer
Explanation: Pyranometer measures solar radiation intensity.
236. Which instrument measures sunshine duration?
a) Campbell‑Stokes recorder ✅
b) Rain gauge
c) Hygrometer
d) Thermometer
Explanation: Campbell‑Stokes recorder measures hours of sunshine.
237. Which instrument measures rainfall using radar?
a) Weather radar ✅
b) Rain gauge
c) Hygrometer
d) Thermometer
Explanation: Weather radar detects rainfall intensity and distribution.
238. Which instrument measures rainfall using satellites?
a) TRMM satellite ✅
b) Rain gauge
c) Hygrometer
d) Thermometer
Explanation: TRMM satellite measures tropical rainfall globally.
239. Which instrument measures global precipitation?
a) GPM satellite ✅
b) Rain gauge
c) Hygrometer
d) Thermometer
Explanation: GPM satellite provides global precipitation data.
240. Which instrument measures cloud motion?
a) Nephoscope ✅
b) Rain gauge
c) Hygrometer
d) Thermometer
Explanation: Nephoscope tracks cloud movement.
241. Which instrument measures fog density?
a) Nephelometer ✅
b) Rain gauge
c) Hygrometer
d) Thermometer
Explanation: Nephelometer measures fog particle concentration.
242. Which instrument measures ozone concentration?
a) Dobson spectrophotometer ✅
b) Rain gauge
c) Hygrometer
d) Thermometer
Explanation: Dobson spectrophotometer measures ozone levels.
243. Which instrument measures greenhouse gases?
a) Infrared gas analyzer ✅
b) Rain gauge
c) Hygrometer
d) Thermometer
Explanation: Infrared gas analyzer detects CO₂ and methane.
244. Which instrument measures atmospheric water vapor remotely?
a) Lidar ✅
b) Rain gauge
c) Hygrometer
d) Thermometer
Explanation: Lidar uses lasers to measure water vapor.
245. Which instrument measures rainfall intensity electronically?
a) Electronic rain gauge ✅
b) Snow gauge
c) Hygrometer
d) Thermometer
Explanation: Electronic rain gauge records rainfall digitally.
246. Which instrument measures precipitation globally?
a) Satellite sensors ✅
b) Rain gauge
c) Hygrometer
d) Thermometer
Explanation: Satellites provide global precipitation coverage.
247. Which instrument measures cloud cover?
a) Satellite imagery ✅
b) Rain gauge
c) Hygrometer
d) Thermometer
Explanation: Satellites observe cloud cover worldwide.
248. Which instrument measures rainfall distribution?
a) Radar + satellites ✅
b) Rain gauge only
c) Hygrometer
d) Thermometer
Explanation: Radar and satellites map rainfall distribution.
249. Which instrument measures precipitation in polar regions?
a) Snow gauge ✅
b) Rain gauge
c) Hygrometer
d) Thermometer
Explanation: Snow gauges measure solid precipitation in polar areas.
250. Which instrument measures rainfall trends over decades?
a) Climate satellites ✅
b) Rain gauge
c) Hygrometer
d) Thermometer
Explanation: Climate satellites track long‑term rainfall trends.
251. Which event caused drought in India in 2009?
a) El Niño ✅
b) La Niña
c) Cyclone
d) Jet stream shift
Explanation: El Niño weakened monsoon rains in India.
252. Which event caused floods in Pakistan in 2010?
a) Monsoon intensification ✅
b) El Niño
c) La Niña
d) Cyclone
Explanation: Heavy monsoon rains caused devastating floods.
253. Which event caused drought in East Africa in 2011?
a) La Niña ✅
b) El Niño
c) Cyclone
d) Jet stream shift
Explanation: La Niña reduced rainfall in East Africa.
254. Which event caused floods in Thailand in 2011?
a) Monsoon intensification ✅
b) El Niño
c) La Niña
d) Cyclone
Explanation: Strong monsoon rains caused widespread flooding.
255. Which event caused drought in California in 2012–16?
a) Jet stream shift ✅
b) El Niño
c) La Niña
d) Cyclone
Explanation: Jet stream blocked rainfall in California.
256. Which event caused floods in Uttarakhand in 2013?
a) Monsoon intensification ✅
b) El Niño
c) La Niña
d) Cyclone
Explanation: Heavy monsoon rains triggered flash floods.
257. Which event caused drought in Brazil in 2014–15?
a) El Niño ✅
b) La Niña
c) Cyclone
d) Jet stream shift
Explanation: El Niño reduced rainfall in Brazil.
258. Which event caused floods in Chennai in 2015?
a) Northeast monsoon ✅
b) El Niño
c) La Niña
d) Cyclone
Explanation: Northeast monsoon rains caused Chennai floods.
259. Which event caused drought in South Africa in 2015–16?
a) El Niño ✅
b) La Niña
c) Cyclone
d) Jet stream shift
Explanation: El Niño disrupted rainfall in South Africa.
260. Which event caused floods in Peru in 2017?
a) El Niño ✅
b) La Niña
c) Cyclone
d) Jet stream shift
Explanation: El Niño caused torrential rains in Peru.
261. Which event caused drought in Cape Town in 2017–18?
a) El Niño ✅
b) La Niña
c) Cyclone
d) Jet stream shift
Explanation: El Niño reduced rainfall, causing water crisis.
262. Which event caused floods in Kerala in 2018?
a) Monsoon intensification ✅
b) El Niño
c) La Niña
d) Cyclone
Explanation: Heavy monsoon rains caused Kerala floods.
263. Which event caused drought in Australia in 2019?
a) El Niño ✅
b) La Niña
c) Cyclone
d) Jet stream shift
Explanation: El Niño disrupted rainfall in Australia.
264. Which event caused floods in Jakarta in 2020?
a) Monsoon intensification ✅
b) El Niño
c) La Niña
d) Cyclone
Explanation: Heavy monsoon rains caused Jakarta floods.
265. Which event caused drought in USA Midwest in 2020?
a) Jet stream shift ✅
b) El Niño
c) La Niña
d) Cyclone
Explanation: Jet stream anomalies reduced rainfall in Midwest.
266. Which event caused floods in China in 2020?
a) Monsoon intensification ✅
b) El Niño
c) La Niña
d) Cyclone
Explanation: Strong summer monsoon caused floods in China.
267. Which event caused drought in Madagascar in 2021?
a) El Niño ✅
b) La Niña
c) Cyclone
d) Jet stream shift
Explanation: El Niño reduced rainfall in Madagascar.
268. Which event caused floods in Germany in 2021?
a) Jet stream shift ✅
b) El Niño
c) La Niña
d) Cyclone
Explanation: Jet stream anomalies caused extreme rainfall.
269. Which event caused drought in Horn of Africa in 2022?
a) La Niña ✅
b) El Niño
c) Cyclone
d) Jet stream shift
Explanation: La Niña reduced rainfall in Horn of Africa.
270. Which event caused floods in Pakistan in 2022?
a) Monsoon intensification ✅
b) El Niño
c) La Niña
d) Cyclone
Explanation: Intense monsoon rains caused Pakistan floods.
271. Which event caused drought in Argentina in 2022–23?
a) La Niña ✅
b) El Niño
c) Cyclone
d) Jet stream shift
Explanation: La Niña reduced rainfall in Argentina.
272. Which event caused floods in Bangladesh in 2022?
a) Monsoon intensification ✅
b) El Niño
c) La Niña
d) Cyclone
Explanation: Heavy monsoon rains caused Bangladesh floods.
273. Which event caused drought in India in 2023?
a) El Niño ✅
b) La Niña
c) Cyclone
d) Jet stream shift
Explanation: El Niño weakened monsoon rains in India.
274. Which event caused floods in Libya in 2023?
a) Mediterranean cyclone ✅
b) El Niño
c) La Niña
d) Jet stream shift
Explanation: Mediterranean cyclone caused extreme floods.
275. Which event caused drought in East Africa in 2023?
a) El Niño ✅
b) La Niña
c) Cyclone
d) Jet stream shift
Explanation: El Niño disrupted rainfall in East Africa.
276. What is humidity?
a) Water vapor in air ✅
b) Oxygen in air
c) Nitrogen in air
d) Carbon dioxide in air
Explanation: Humidity is the amount of water vapor present.
277. What is absolute humidity measured in?
a) g/m³ ✅
b) g/kg
c) %
d) mb
Explanation: Absolute humidity is grams of vapor per cubic meter.
278. What is specific humidity measured in?
a) g/kg ✅
b) g/m³
c) %
d) mb
Explanation: Specific humidity is grams of vapor per kilogram of air.
279. What is relative humidity measured in?
a) Percentage ✅
b) g/m³
c) g/kg
d) mb
Explanation: Relative humidity is expressed as % of saturation.
280. What is dew point?
a) Temperature of saturation ✅
b) Temperature of dryness
c) Temperature of expansion
d) Temperature of oxygen loss
Explanation: Dew point is when condensation begins.
281. Which instrument measures humidity?
a) Hygrometer ✅
b) Barometer
c) Rain gauge
d) Thermometer
Explanation: Hygrometer measures atmospheric humidity.
282. Which instrument measures relative humidity?
a) Psychrometer ✅
b) Hygrometer
c) Rain gauge
d) Thermometer
Explanation: Psychrometer uses wet and dry bulb thermometers.
283. Which instrument measures rainfall?
a) Rain gauge ✅
b) Barometer
c) Hygrometer
d) Thermometer
Explanation: Rain gauge records precipitation.
284. Which instrument measures cloud height?
a) Ceilometer ✅
b) Barometer
c) Hygrometer
d) Thermometer
Explanation: Ceilometer measures cloud base altitude.
285. Which instrument measures upper air humidity?
a) Radiosonde ✅
b) Rain gauge
c) Hygrometer
d) Thermometer
Explanation: Radiosonde records humidity aloft.
286. Which instrument measures fog density?
a) Nephelometer ✅
b) Rain gauge
c) Hygrometer
d) Thermometer
Explanation: Nephelometer measures fog particle concentration.
287. Which instrument measures cloud motion?
a) Nephoscope ✅
b) Rain gauge
c) Hygrometer
d) Thermometer
Explanation: Nephoscope tracks cloud movement.
288. Which instrument measures evaporation?
a) Atmometer ✅
b) Rain gauge
c) Hygrometer
d) Thermometer
Explanation: Atmometer measures evaporation rates.
289. Which rainfall is caused by heating?
a) Convectional ✅
b) Orographic
c) Cyclonic
d) Monsoon
Explanation: Convectional rainfall occurs due to rising heated air.
290. Which rainfall is caused by mountains?
a) Orographic ✅
b) Convectional
c) Cyclonic
d) Monsoon
Explanation: Orographic rainfall occurs when air rises over mountains.
291. Which rainfall is caused by fronts?
a) Cyclonic ✅
b) Convectional
c) Orographic
d) Monsoon
Explanation: Cyclonic rainfall occurs when warm air rises over cold air.
292. Which rainfall is seasonal in South Asia?
a) Monsoon ✅
b) Convectional
c) Orographic
d) Cyclonic
Explanation: Monsoon rainfall dominates South Asia.
293. Which place is wettest in India?
a) Mawsynram ✅
b) Jaisalmer
c) Leh
d) Kochi
Explanation: Mawsynram receives highest rainfall in India.
294. Which place is driest in India?
a) Jaisalmer ✅
b) Mawsynram
c) Cherrapunji
d) Kochi
Explanation: Jaisalmer is driest due to desert climate.
295. Which place is wettest in world?
a) Mawsynram ✅
b) Sahara
c) Atacama
d) Death Valley
Explanation: Mawsynram holds record for highest average rainfall.
296. Which place is driest in world?
a) Atacama Desert ✅
b) Sahara
c) Gobi
d) Kalahari
Explanation: Atacama Desert in Chile is driest desert.
297. Which rainfall occurs in Amazon basin?
a) Convectional ✅
b) Orographic
c) Cyclonic
d) Monsoon
Explanation: Amazon basin experiences daily convectional showers.
298. Which rainfall occurs in Himalayas?
a) Orographic ✅
b) Convectional
c) Cyclonic
d) Monsoon
Explanation: Himalayas force moist monsoon winds upward.
299. Which rainfall occurs in Mediterranean climate?
a) Cyclonic ✅
b) Convectional
c) Orographic
d) Monsoon
Explanation: Mediterranean regions get winter cyclonic rain.
300. Which rainfall occurs in Indian monsoon season?
a) Monsoon ✅
b) Convectional
c) Orographic
d) Cyclonic
Explanation: Indian monsoon season brings seasonal rainfall.
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