Planning in India
This blog brings you a complete 150-question MCQ set on Planning in India, designed for students, aspirants, and professionals preparing for competitive exams. Inside, you’ll find section-wise coverage of historical background, Five-Year Plans, Planning Commission vs NITI Aayog, objectives, strategies, sectoral planning, and criticisms. Each question comes with answers and explanations, ensuring clarity and exam-style practice. By the end, readers will gain a thorough understanding of India’s planning journey, from early visions to modern reforms, making this resource a one-stop solution for mastering the topic.
✅ A) M. Visvesvaraya in 1934
B) Jawaharlal Nehru in 1947
C) Mahalanobis in 1950
D) Gandhi in 1920
Explanation: Visvesvaraya’s book “Planned Economy for India” introduced the idea.
Q2. The National Planning Committee was set up in:
✅ A) 1938 under Jawaharlal Nehru
B) 1947 under Patel
C) 1950 under Mahalanobis
D) 1960 under Indira Gandhi
Explanation: Nehru chaired the NPC in 1938.
Q3. The Bombay Plan (1944) was prepared by:
✅ A) Leading industrialists like J.R.D. Tata & G.D. Birla
B) Jawaharlal Nehru
C) Mahalanobis
D) Gandhi
Explanation: Bombay Plan was a private initiative by industrialists.
Q4. The People’s Plan was drafted by:
✅ A) M.N. Roy
B) Nehru
C) Patel
D) Ambedkar
Explanation: M.N. Roy emphasized welfare and socialism.
Q5. The Gandhian Plan emphasized:
✅ A) Village economy and self‑reliance
B) Heavy industry
C) Liberalization
D) Subsidies only
Explanation: Gandhian Plan focused on rural development.
Q6. The first official planning body in India was:
✅ A) Planning Commission (1950)
B) National Planning Committee (1938)
C) Bombay Plan (1944)
D) NITI Aayog (2015)
Explanation: Planning Commission was set up in 1950.
Q7. The Planning Commission was established by:
✅ A) Government resolution in 1950
B) Constitutional amendment
C) Act of Parliament
D) Private initiative
Explanation: It was created by executive resolution.
Q8. The first Five‑Year Plan was launched in:
✅ A) 1951
B) 1947
C) 1960
D) 1970
Explanation: First Plan covered 1951–56.
Q9. The first Five‑Year Plan focused on:
✅ A) Agriculture and irrigation
B) Heavy industry
C) Liberalization
D) Services only
Explanation: Priority was food security and rural development.
Q10. The Mahalanobis model was used in:
✅ A) Second Five‑Year Plan (1956–61)
B) First Plan
C) Third Plan
D) Fourth Plan
Explanation: Mahalanobis emphasized heavy industry.
Q11. The Third Five‑Year Plan (1961–66) aimed at:
✅ A) Self‑reliance and agriculture expansion
B) Liberalization
C) Services only
D) Subsidies only
Explanation: Third Plan focused on balanced growth.
Q12. The Fourth Plan (1969–74) emphasized:
✅ A) Growth with stability and self‑reliance
B) Heavy industry only
C) Liberalization
D) Subsidies only
Explanation: Fourth Plan balanced growth and stability.
Q13. Rolling Plans were introduced in:
✅ A) 1978 by Janata Government
B) 1951 by Nehru
C) 1960 by Indira Gandhi
D) 1991 by Rao
Explanation: Rolling Plans replaced fixed plans temporarily.
Q14. The Planning Commission’s role was:
✅ A) Formulate Five‑Year Plans and allocate resources
B) Conduct elections
C) Provide subsidies only
D) Role is irrelevant
Explanation: Commission guided economic planning.
Q15. The Planning Commission was replaced by:
✅ A) NITI Aayog in 2015
B) Finance Commission
C) RBI
D) Subsidy Board
Explanation: NITI Aayog introduced cooperative federalism.
Q16. The objective of early planning was:
✅ A) Rapid economic growth and modernization
B) Liberalization only
C) Subsidies only
D) Objective is irrelevant
Explanation: Planning aimed at development.
Q17. The concept of mixed economy in India was adopted in:
✅ A) Second Five‑Year Plan
B) First Plan
C) Third Plan
D) Fourth Plan
Explanation: India combined public and private sectors.
Q18. The National Development Council (NDC) was set up in:
✅ A) 1952
B) 1947
C) 1960
D) 1970
Explanation: NDC coordinated planning between centre and states.
Q19. The NDC was chaired by:
✅ A) Prime Minister of India
B) Finance Minister
C) RBI Governor
D) Planning Commission head
Explanation: PM chaired NDC meetings.
Q20. The objective of NDC was:
✅ A) Approve plans and ensure cooperation of states
B) Conduct elections
C) Provide subsidies only
D) Objective is irrelevant
Explanation: NDC ensured federal cooperation.
Q21. The concept of indicative planning means:
✅ A) Guiding economy without strict controls
B) Fully centralized planning
C) Subsidies only
D) Meaning is irrelevant
Explanation: Indicative planning balances flexibility.
Q22. The Planning Commission was criticized for:
✅ A) Over‑centralization and inefficiency
B) Liberalization
C) Subsidies only
D) Criticism is irrelevant
Explanation: Commission lacked decentralization.
Q23. The shift from Planning Commission to NITI Aayog reflected:
✅ A) Cooperative federalism and decentralization
B) Centralization only
C) Subsidies only
D) Shift is irrelevant
Explanation: NITI Aayog emphasized state role.
Q24. The Planning Commission was not:
✅ A) A constitutional body
B) Advisory body
C) Policy body
D) Resource allocator
Explanation: It was created by resolution, not Constitution.
Q25. The historical significance of planning in India is:
✅ A) Guided economic development and modernization
B) Provided subsidies only
C) Focused on consumer goods only
D) Significance is irrelevant
Explanation: Planning shaped India’s economic trajectory.
Q26. The First Five‑Year Plan (1951–56) focused on:
✅ A) Agriculture, irrigation, and food security
B) Heavy industry
C) Liberalization
D) Services only
Explanation: Priority was rural development and food production.
Q27. The Second Five‑Year Plan (1956–61) was based on:
✅ A) Mahalanobis model emphasizing heavy industry
B) Gandhian model
C) Liberalization
D) Services only
Explanation: Mahalanobis stressed industrialization.
Q28. The Third Five‑Year Plan (1961–66) aimed at:
✅ A) Self‑reliance and agricultural expansion
B) Liberalization only
C) Services only
D) Subsidies only
Explanation: Third Plan balanced agriculture and industry.
Q29. The Fourth Five‑Year Plan (1969–74) emphasized:
✅ A) Growth with stability and self‑reliance
B) Heavy industry only
C) Liberalization
D) Subsidies only
Explanation: Fourth Plan balanced growth and stability.
Q30. The Fifth Five‑Year Plan (1974–79) focused on:
✅ A) Poverty alleviation and self‑reliance
B) Heavy industry only
C) Liberalization
D) Services only
Explanation: Fifth Plan introduced Garibi Hatao.
Q31. The Rolling Plan concept was introduced in:
✅ A) 1978 by Janata Government
B) 1951 by Nehru
C) 1960 by Indira Gandhi
D) 1991 by Rao
Explanation: Rolling Plans replaced fixed plans temporarily.
Q32. The Sixth Five‑Year Plan (1980–85) emphasized:
✅ A) Poverty alleviation and modernization
B) Heavy industry only
C) Liberalization
D) Subsidies only
Explanation: Sixth Plan balanced growth and modernization.
Q33. The Seventh Five‑Year Plan (1985–90) focused on:
✅ A) Food, employment, productivity
B) Heavy industry only
C) Liberalization
D) Subsidies only
Explanation: Seventh Plan emphasized basic needs.
Q34. The Eighth Five‑Year Plan (1992–97) emphasized:
✅ A) Liberalization, privatization, globalization (LPG)
B) Agriculture only
C) Subsidies only
D) Services only
Explanation: Eighth Plan aligned with 1991 reforms.
Q35. The Ninth Five‑Year Plan (1997–2002) aimed at:
✅ A) Growth with equity and social justice
B) Heavy industry only
C) Liberalization only
D) Subsidies only
Explanation: Ninth Plan focused on inclusive growth.
Q36. The Tenth Five‑Year Plan (2002–07) targeted:
✅ A) 8% GDP growth and poverty reduction
B) Agriculture only
C) Subsidies only
D) Services only
Explanation: Tenth Plan emphasized growth and poverty alleviation.
Q37. The Eleventh Five‑Year Plan (2007–12) aimed at:
✅ A) Inclusive growth and human development
B) Heavy industry only
C) Liberalization only
D) Subsidies only
Explanation: Eleventh Plan focused on inclusivity.
Q38. The Twelfth Five‑Year Plan (2012–17) emphasized:
✅ A) Faster, sustainable, and inclusive growth
B) Agriculture only
C) Subsidies only
D) Services only
Explanation: Twelfth Plan was last official plan.
Q39. The Planning Commission was abolished in:
✅ A) 2015, replaced by NITI Aayog
B) 2012
C) 2000
D) 1991
Explanation: NITI Aayog replaced Planning Commission.
Q40. The First Plan’s success was due to:
✅ A) Agricultural growth and irrigation projects
B) Heavy industry expansion
C) Liberalization
D) Services only
Explanation: First Plan achieved food security goals.
Q41. The Second Plan’s failure was due to:
✅ A) Lack of resources and foreign exchange crisis
B) Agricultural surplus
C) Liberalization
D) Services only
Explanation: Heavy industry strained resources.
Q42. The Third Plan failed due to:
✅ A) Wars (1962, 1965) and droughts
B) Liberalization
C) Services only
D) Subsidies only
Explanation: External shocks disrupted targets.
Q43. The Fourth Plan faced challenges from:
✅ A) Inflation and political instability
B) Liberalization
C) Services only
D) Subsidies only
Explanation: Inflation weakened outcomes.
Q44. The Fifth Plan introduced:
✅ A) Garibi Hatao (poverty removal) slogan
B) Liberalization
C) Services only
D) Subsidies only
Explanation: Poverty alleviation was central.
Q45. The Sixth Plan emphasized:
✅ A) Technological modernization and poverty reduction
B) Agriculture only
C) Subsidies only
D) Services only
Explanation: Sixth Plan balanced modernization.
Q46. The Seventh Plan targeted:
✅ A) Food, work, productivity
B) Heavy industry only
C) Liberalization only
D) Subsidies only
Explanation: Seventh Plan emphasized employment.
Q47. The Eighth Plan aligned with:
✅ A) 1991 LPG reforms
B) Agriculture only
C) Subsidies only
D) Services only
Explanation: Eighth Plan marked liberalization era.
Q48. The Ninth Plan emphasized:
✅ A) Growth with social justice
B) Heavy industry only
C) Liberalization only
D) Subsidies only
Explanation: Ninth Plan targeted equity.
Q49. The Tenth Plan aimed at:
✅ A) Doubling per capita income in 10 years
B) Agriculture only
C) Subsidies only
D) Services only
Explanation: Growth and poverty reduction were goals.
Q50. The Eleventh Plan emphasized:
✅ A) Inclusive growth and education
B) Heavy industry only
C) Liberalization only
D) Subsidies only
Explanation: Human development was priority.
Q51. The Twelfth Plan aimed at:
✅ A) Faster, sustainable, inclusive growth
B) Agriculture only
C) Subsidies only
D) Services only
Explanation: Twelfth Plan was last official plan.
Q52. Rolling Plans were introduced by:
✅ A) Janata Government (1978–80)
B) Nehru
C) Indira Gandhi
D) Rao
Explanation: Rolling Plans replaced fixed targets.
Q53. The Planning Commission prepared:
✅ A) Five‑Year Plans and annual plans
B) Elections
C) Subsidies only
D) Services only
Explanation: Commission guided planning.
Q54. Annual Plans were introduced when:
✅ A) Plans failed or were delayed (1966–69, 1990–92)
B) Agriculture surplus
C) Subsidies only
D) Services only
Explanation: Annual Plans filled gaps.
Q55. The First Plan’s allocation was mainly for:
✅ A) Agriculture and irrigation
B) Heavy industry
C) Liberalization
D) Services only
Explanation: Agriculture was priority.
Q56. The Second Plan’s allocation was mainly for:
✅ A) Heavy industry and steel plants
B) Agriculture only
C) Subsidies only
D) Services only
Explanation: Industrialization was focus.
Q57. The Third Plan’s allocation was mainly for:
✅ A) Agriculture and industry balance
B) Liberalization only
C) Subsidies only
D) Services only
Explanation: Balanced growth was target.
Q58. The Fourth Plan’s allocation was mainly for:
✅ A) Self‑reliance and stability projects
B) Agriculture only
C) Subsidies only
D) Services only
Explanation: Fourth Plan balanced priorities.
Q59. The Fifth Plan’s allocation was mainly for:
✅ A) Poverty alleviation and employment
B) Heavy industry only
C) Liberalization only
D) Services only
Explanation: Poverty removal was focus.
Q60. The Sixth Plan’s allocation was mainly for:
✅ A) Modernization and poverty reduction
B) Agriculture only
C) Subsidies only
D) Services only
Explanation: Sixth Plan balanced modernization.
Q61. The Seventh Plan’s allocation was mainly for:
✅ A) Food, work, productivity
B) Heavy industry only
C) Liberalization only
D) Services only
Explanation: Employment was priority.
Q62. The Eighth Plan’s allocation was mainly for:
✅ A) Liberalization reforms and infrastructure
B) Agriculture only
C) Subsidies only
D) Services only
Explanation: Eighth Plan aligned with reforms.
Q63. The Ninth Plan’s allocation was mainly for:
✅ A) Equity and social justice
B) Heavy industry only
C) Liberalization only
D) Services only
Explanation: Ninth Plan emphasized inclusivity.
Q64. The Tenth Plan’s allocation was mainly for:
✅ A) Growth and poverty reduction
B) Agriculture only
C) Subsidies only
D) Services only
Explanation: Growth was target.
Q65. The Eleventh Five‑Year Plan’s allocation was mainly for:
✅ A) Education, health, inclusivity
B) Heavy industry only
C) Liberalization only
D) Subsidies only
Explanation: Eleventh Plan prioritized human development and inclusive growth.
Q66. The Twelfth Five‑Year Plan’s allocation was mainly for:
✅ A) Infrastructure, sustainability, inclusivity
B) Agriculture only
C) Subsidies only
D) Services only
Explanation: Twelfth Plan emphasized faster, sustainable, inclusive growth.
Q67. The First Plan achieved success in:
✅ A) Agricultural production and irrigation projects
B) Heavy industry expansion
C) Liberalization
D) Services only
Explanation: Food security was improved.
Q68. The Second Plan’s industrial focus led to:
✅ A) Establishment of steel plants and heavy industries
B) Agricultural surplus only
C) Liberalization only
D) Services only
Explanation: Steel plants like Bhilai, Rourkela were set up.
Q69. The Third Plan failed mainly due to:
✅ A) Wars (1962, 1965) and droughts
B) Liberalization
C) Services only
D) Subsidies only
Explanation: External shocks disrupted targets.
Q70. The Fourth Plan emphasized:
✅ A) Growth with stability and self‑reliance
B) Heavy industry only
C) Liberalization only
D) Subsidies only
Explanation: Fourth Plan balanced growth and stability.
Q71. The Fifth Plan introduced:
✅ A) Garibi Hatao (poverty removal) slogan
B) Liberalization only
C) Services only
D) Subsidies only
Explanation: Poverty alleviation was central.
Q72. The Sixth Plan emphasized:
✅ A) Technological modernization and poverty reduction
B) Agriculture only
C) Subsidies only
D) Services only
Explanation: Sixth Plan balanced modernization.
Q73. The Seventh Plan targeted:
✅ A) Food, work, productivity
B) Heavy industry only
C) Liberalization only
D) Subsidies only
Explanation: Employment and productivity were priorities.
Q74. The Eighth Plan aligned with:
✅ A) 1991 LPG reforms
B) Agriculture only
C) Subsidies only
D) Services only
Explanation: Eighth Plan marked liberalization era.
Q75. The Ninth Plan emphasized:
✅ A) Growth with social justice and equity
B) Heavy industry only
C) Liberalization only
D) Subsidies only
Explanation: Ninth Plan targeted inclusivity.
Q76. The Tenth Plan aimed at:
✅ A) 8% GDP growth and poverty reduction
B) Agriculture only
C) Subsidies only
D) Services only
Explanation: Growth and poverty reduction were goals.
Q77. The Eleventh Plan emphasized:
✅ A) Inclusive growth and education
B) Heavy industry only
C) Liberalization only
D) Subsidies only
Explanation: Human development was priority.
Q78. The Twelfth Plan aimed at:
✅ A) Faster, sustainable, inclusive growth
B) Agriculture only
C) Subsidies only
D) Services only
Explanation: Twelfth Plan was last official plan.
Q79. Rolling Plans were introduced by:
✅ A) Janata Government (1978–80)
B) Nehru
C) Indira Gandhi
D) Rao
Explanation: Rolling Plans replaced fixed targets.
Q80. Annual Plans were introduced when:
✅ A) Plans failed or were delayed (1966–69, 1990–92)
B) Agriculture surplus
C) Subsidies only
D) Services only
Explanation: Annual Plans filled gaps between Five‑Year Plans.
Q81. The First Plan’s allocation was mainly for:
✅ A) Agriculture and irrigation
B) Heavy industry
C) Liberalization
D) Services only
Explanation: Agriculture was priority.
Q82. The Second Plan’s allocation was mainly for:
✅ A) Heavy industry and steel plants
B) Agriculture only
C) Subsidies only
D) Services only
Explanation: Industrialization was focus.
Q83. The Third Plan’s allocation was mainly for:
✅ A) Agriculture and industry balance
B) Liberalization only
C) Subsidies only
D) Services only
Explanation: Balanced growth was target.
Q84. The Fourth Plan’s allocation was mainly for:
✅ A) Self‑reliance and stability projects
B) Agriculture only
C) Subsidies only
D) Services only
Explanation: Fourth Plan balanced priorities.
Q85. The Fifth Plan’s allocation was mainly for:
✅ A) Poverty alleviation and employment
B) Heavy industry only
C) Liberalization only
D) Services only
Explanation: Poverty removal was focus.
Q86. The Sixth Plan’s allocation was mainly for:
✅ A) Modernization and poverty reduction
B) Agriculture only
C) Subsidies only
D) Services only
Explanation: Sixth Plan balanced modernization.
Q87. The Seventh Plan’s allocation was mainly for:
✅ A) Food, work, productivity
B) Heavy industry only
C) Liberalization only
D) Services only
Explanation: Employment was priority.
Q88. The Eighth Plan’s allocation was mainly for:
✅ A) Liberalization reforms and infrastructure
B) Agriculture only
C) Subsidies only
D) Services only
Explanation: Eighth Plan aligned with reforms.
Q89. The Ninth Plan’s allocation was mainly for:
✅ A) Equity and social justice
B) Heavy industry only
C) Liberalization only
D) Services only
Explanation: Ninth Plan emphasized inclusivity.
Q90. The Tenth Plan’s allocation was mainly for:
✅ A) Growth and poverty reduction
B) Agriculture only
C) Subsidies only
D) Services only
Explanation: Growth was target.
Q91. The Eleventh Plan’s allocation was mainly for:
✅ A) Education, health, inclusivity
B) Heavy industry only
C) Liberalization only
D) Subsidies only
Explanation: Human development was priority.
Q92. The Twelfth Plan’s allocation was mainly for:
✅ A) Infrastructure, sustainability, inclusivity
B) Agriculture only
C) Subsidies only
D) Services only
Explanation: Twelfth Plan emphasized faster, sustainable, inclusive growth.
Q93. The Planning Commission prepared:
✅ A) Five‑Year Plans and annual plans
B) Elections
C) Subsidies only
D) Services only
Explanation: Commission guided planning.
Q94. The National Development Council approved:
✅ A) Five‑Year Plans before implementation
B) Elections only
C) Subsidies only
D) Services only
Explanation: NDC ensured federal cooperation.
Q95. The Planning Commission was criticized for:
✅ A) Over‑centralization and inefficiency
B) Liberalization only
C) Subsidies only
D) Services only
Explanation: Commission lacked decentralization.
Q96. NITI Aayog replaced Planning Commission in:
✅ A) 2015
B) 2012
C) 2000
D) 1991
Explanation: NITI Aayog introduced cooperative federalism.
Q97. NITI Aayog emphasizes:
✅ A) Cooperative federalism and decentralization
B) Centralization only
C) Subsidies only
D) Services only
Explanation: States play a bigger role.
Q98. NITI Aayog initiatives include:
✅ A) Atal Innovation Mission, SDG monitoring
B) Elections only
C) Subsidies only
D) Services only
Explanation: NITI promotes innovation and sustainability.
Q99. The Twelfth Plan was the last because:
✅ A) Planning Commission was abolished in 2015
B) Agriculture failed
C) Subsidies only
D) Services only
Explanation: NITI Aayog replaced centralized planning.
Q100. Five‑Year Plans overall reflect:
✅ A) India’s developmental priorities across decades
B) Subsidies only
C) Services only
D) Reflection is irrelevant
Explanation: Plans guided India’s economic trajectory.
Q101. The Planning Commission was established in:
✅ A) 1950 by Government resolution
B) 1947 by Constitution
C) 1960 by Parliament Act
D) 2015 by NITI Aayog
Explanation: Planning Commission was created by executive resolution.
Q102. The Planning Commission was chaired by:
✅ A) Prime Minister of India
B) Finance Minister
C) RBI Governor
D) President of India
Explanation: PM always chaired the Commission.
Q103. The Planning Commission’s main role was:
✅ A) Formulate Five‑Year Plans and allocate resources
B) Conduct elections
C) Provide subsidies only
D) Role is irrelevant
Explanation: Commission guided India’s planning process.
Q104. The Planning Commission was criticized for:
✅ A) Over‑centralization and inefficiency
B) Liberalization only
C) Subsidies only
D) Criticism is irrelevant
Explanation: Commission lacked decentralization.
Q105. The National Development Council (NDC) was set up in:
✅ A) 1952 to approve plans
B) 1947 for independence
C) 1960 for liberalization
D) 1970 for subsidies
Explanation: NDC coordinated centre‑state planning.
Q106. NDC was chaired by:
✅ A) Prime Minister of India
B) Finance Minister
C) RBI Governor
D) Planning Commission head
Explanation: PM chaired NDC meetings.
Q107. NDC’s role was:
✅ A) Approve Five‑Year Plans and ensure cooperation of states
B) Conduct elections
C) Provide subsidies only
D) Role is irrelevant
Explanation: NDC ensured federal cooperation.
Q108. The Planning Commission was abolished in:
✅ A) 2015, replaced by NITI Aayog
B) 2012
C) 2000
D) 1991
Explanation: NITI Aayog replaced centralized planning.
Q109. NITI Aayog was established to:
✅ A) Promote cooperative federalism and decentralization
B) Continue centralization
C) Provide subsidies only
D) Establish services only
Explanation: NITI Aayog emphasizes state role.
Q110. NITI Aayog stands for:
✅ A) National Institution for Transforming India
B) National Institute for Trade and Industry
C) National Institute for Technology Innovation
D) Name is irrelevant
Explanation: NITI Aayog is India’s new planning body.
Q111. NITI Aayog was formed in:
✅ A) January 2015
B) 2012
C) 2000
D) 1991
Explanation: NITI replaced Planning Commission in 2015.
Q112. NITI Aayog’s governing council includes:
✅ A) Prime Minister and Chief Ministers
B) RBI Governor only
C) Finance Minister only
D) Subsidy board
Explanation: Governing council ensures state participation.
Q113. NITI Aayog emphasizes:
✅ A) Cooperative federalism and innovation
B) Centralization only
C) Subsidies only
D) Services only
Explanation: States play a bigger role.
Q114. NITI Aayog initiatives include:
✅ A) Atal Innovation Mission, SDG monitoring
B) Elections only
C) Subsidies only
D) Services only
Explanation: NITI promotes innovation and sustainability.
Q115. NITI Aayog replaced Five‑Year Plans with:
✅ A) Long‑term vision documents and strategy papers
B) Annual subsidies only
C) Elections only
D) Services only
Explanation: NITI focuses on vision and strategy.
Q116. NITI Aayog’s role in policy is:
✅ A) Advisory, think‑tank, innovation driver
B) Centralized resource allocator
C) Subsidies only
D) Role is irrelevant
Explanation: NITI acts as policy think‑tank.
Q117. NITI Aayog differs from Planning Commission by:
✅ A) Decentralized approach and cooperative federalism
B) Centralized control
C) Subsidies only
D) Difference is irrelevant
Explanation: NITI emphasizes state participation.
Q118. NITI Aayog promotes:
✅ A) Innovation, entrepreneurship, sustainable development
B) Subsidies only
C) Services only
D) Promotion is irrelevant
Explanation: NITI drives reforms and innovation.
Q119. NITI Aayog’s structure includes:
✅ A) Governing Council, Regional Councils, full‑time members
B) Subsidy board only
C) Elections only
D) Structure is irrelevant
Explanation: Structure ensures broad participation.
Q120. NITI Aayog’s Vice‑Chairperson is:
✅ A) Appointed by Prime Minister
B) Elected by Parliament
C) RBI Governor
D) Finance Commission head
Explanation: PM appoints Vice‑Chairperson.
Q121. NITI Aayog’s CEO is:
✅ A) Appointed by Government of India
B) Elected by states
C) RBI Governor
D) Subsidy board head
Explanation: CEO manages operations.
Q122. NITI Aayog’s focus areas include:
✅ A) Digital India, health, education, innovation
B) Subsidies only
C) Services only
D) Focus is irrelevant
Explanation: NITI drives reforms in key sectors.
Q123. NITI Aayog’s reports include:
✅ A) Strategy papers, vision documents, SDG index
B) Elections only
C) Subsidies only
D) Reports are irrelevant
Explanation: NITI publishes policy reports.
Q124. NITI Aayog’s role in SDGs is:
✅ A) Monitoring and guiding India’s progress
B) Ignoring SDGs
C) Subsidies only
D) Role is irrelevant
Explanation: NITI tracks SDG implementation.
Q125. Overall, NITI Aayog vs Planning Commission reflects:
✅ A) Shift from centralized planning to cooperative federalism
B) Continuation of centralization
C) Subsidies only
D) Reflection is irrelevant
Explanation: NITI emphasizes decentralization and innovation.
Q126. The main objective of Indian planning was:
✅ A) Rapid economic growth with social justice
B) Only heavy industry
C) Only subsidies
D) Objective is irrelevant
Explanation: Growth with equity was the guiding principle.
Q127. Planning aimed to achieve:
✅ A) Poverty alleviation, employment, modernization
B) Only subsidies
C) Only agriculture
D) Aim is irrelevant
Explanation: Planning balanced multiple goals.
Q128. Inclusive growth means:
✅ A) Growth benefits all sections of society
B) Growth benefits only rich
C) Growth ignores poor
D) Meaning is irrelevant
Explanation: Inclusivity ensures equity.
Q129. Sustainable growth in planning refers to:
✅ A) Growth without harming environment
B) Growth ignoring ecology
C) Growth only in industry
D) Meaning is irrelevant
Explanation: Sustainability balances economy and environment.
Q130. Employment generation was a key strategy in:
✅ A) Seventh Five‑Year Plan
B) First Plan
C) Twelfth Plan only
D) Strategy is irrelevant
Explanation: Seventh Plan emphasized “Food, Work, Productivity.”
Q131. Poverty alleviation was central to:
✅ A) Fifth Five‑Year Plan (Garibi Hatao)
B) Second Plan
C) Twelfth Plan only
D) Strategy is irrelevant
Explanation: Fifth Plan introduced Garibi Hatao slogan.
Q132. Agricultural planning emphasized:
✅ A) Green Revolution and food security
B) Heavy industry only
C) Liberalization only
D) Planning is irrelevant
Explanation: Agriculture was priority in early plans.
Q133. Industrial planning emphasized:
✅ A) Public sector enterprises and heavy industry
B) Agriculture only
C) Subsidies only
D) Planning is irrelevant
Explanation: Industrialization was focus of Second Plan.
Q134. Service sector planning emphasized:
✅ A) IT, finance, education growth
B) Agriculture only
C) Subsidies only
D) Planning is irrelevant
Explanation: Services became dominant in later plans.
Q135. Decentralized planning means:
✅ A) States and local bodies participate in planning
B) Only central government plans
C) Subsidies only
D) Meaning is irrelevant
Explanation: Decentralization ensures local relevance.
Q136. Panchayati Raj institutions support:
✅ A) Grassroots planning and implementation
B) Centralized planning only
C) Subsidies only
D) Role is irrelevant
Explanation: Panchayats strengthen local planning.
Q137. Planning Commission was criticized for:
✅ A) Over‑centralization and inefficiency
B) Liberalization only
C) Subsidies only
D) Criticism is irrelevant
Explanation: Commission lacked decentralization.
Q138. NITI Aayog corrected this by:
✅ A) Promoting cooperative federalism and innovation
B) Continuing centralization
C) Subsidies only
D) Correction is irrelevant
Explanation: NITI emphasizes state role.
Q139. Failures of Five‑Year Plans include:
✅ A) Missed targets, inefficiency, resource constraints
B) Surplus achievements
C) Subsidies only
D) Failures are irrelevant
Explanation: Plans often missed goals.
Q140. Successes of Five‑Year Plans include:
✅ A) Agricultural growth, industrial base, infrastructure
B) No achievements
C) Subsidies only
D) Success is irrelevant
Explanation: Plans built India’s economic foundation.
Q141. Liberalization reforms (1991) shifted planning to:
✅ A) Market‑oriented policies and globalization
B) Centralized subsidies only
C) Agriculture only
D) Shift is irrelevant
Explanation: Reforms reduced state control.
Q142. Indicative planning means:
✅ A) Guiding economy without strict controls
B) Fully centralized planning
C) Subsidies only
D) Meaning is irrelevant
Explanation: Indicative planning balances flexibility.
Q143. Planning in India today focuses on:
✅ A) Vision documents, SDGs, innovation
B) Five‑Year Plans only
C) Subsidies only
D) Focus is irrelevant
Explanation: NITI Aayog drives modern planning.
Q144. Planning helped India achieve:
✅ A) Self‑reliance, food security, industrial base
B) No achievements
C) Subsidies only
D) Achievement is irrelevant
Explanation: Planning built foundations of economy.
Q145. Criticism of planning includes:
✅ A) Inefficiency, rigid targets, lack of flexibility
B) Perfect efficiency
C) Subsidies only
D) Criticism is irrelevant
Explanation: Centralized planning was rigid.
Q146. Planning reforms emphasized:
✅ A) Liberalization, privatization, globalization
B) Subsidies only
C) Agriculture only
D) Reforms are irrelevant
Explanation: Reforms modernized economy.
Q147. Planning Commission lacked:
✅ A) Constitutional status
B) Advisory role
C) Resource allocation
D) Lack is irrelevant
Explanation: It was created by resolution, not Constitution.
Q148. NITI Aayog acts as:
✅ A) Policy think‑tank and innovation driver
B) Centralized allocator only
C) Subsidies only
D) Role is irrelevant
Explanation: NITI advises and innovates.
Q149. Planning in India overall reflects:
✅ A) Transition from centralized Five‑Year Plans to decentralized vision planning
B) Continuation of rigid centralization
C) Subsidies only
D) Reflection is irrelevant
Explanation: India shifted to cooperative federalism.
Q150. The significance of planning in India is:
✅ A) Guided economic development, reforms, and modernization
B) Provided subsidies only
C) Focused on consumer goods only
D) Significance is irrelevant
Explanation: Planning shaped India’s economic trajectory.
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