300 MCQs on Properties of Matter with Answers and Explanations | Physics Practice for Global Exams

Properties of Matters

This comprehensive set of 300 Multiple Choice Questions on Properties of Matter is designed for a global audience of students, educators, and exam aspirants. Covering all major subtopics — Elasticity, Surface Tension, Capillarity, Viscosity, Flow of Liquids, Buoyancy and Archimedes’ Principle, Pressure, Density, and Kinetic Theory — the collection ensures balanced coverage and clarity.

Each question is accompanied by its correct answer and a simple explanation, making the resource ideal for high school physics, competitive exams, Olympiads, and international tests such as SAT, GRE, IB, and GCSE. The structure blends conceptual, numerical, and assertion–reason formats to strengthen understanding and problem-solving skills.

Whether you are revising for class, preparing for global exams, or teaching physics, this MCQ bank provides a complete, reliable, and exam-ready practice set in one place.

Q1. Elasticity is the property of a body to:

(a) Regain its shape after deformation ✅

(b) Remain deformed

(c) Break easily

(d) None

Explanation: Elastic bodies return to original shape when deforming force is removed.

Q2. The law of elasticity was given by:

(a) Hooke ✅

(b) Newton

(c) Einstein

(d) Galileo

Explanation: Hooke’s law states stress ∝ strain within elastic limit.

Q3. Stress is defined as:

(a) Force per unit area ✅

(b) Force per unit length

(c) Force per unit volume

(d) None

Explanation: Stress = F/A.

Q4. Strain is defined as:

(a) Change in dimension / Original dimension ✅

(b) Force per unit area

(c) Work per unit volume

(d) None

Explanation: Strain is ratio, no unit.

Q5. Unit of stress is:

(a) Pascal (N/m²) ✅

(b) Joule

(c) Newton

(d) Watt

Explanation: Stress has same unit as pressure.

Q6. Strain has:

(a) No unit ✅

(b) Unit of Pascal

(c) Unit of Newton

(d) Unit of Joule

Explanation: Strain is ratio, dimensionless.

Q7. Young’s modulus is ratio of:

(a) Stress / Strain ✅

(b) Strain / Stress

(c) Force / Area

(d) None

Explanation: Y = stress / strain.

Q8. Unit of Young’s modulus is:

(a) Pascal ✅

(b) Joule

(c) Newton

(d) Watt

Explanation: Same as stress.

Q9. Bulk modulus relates to:

(a) Volume change ✅

(b) Length change

(c) Shape change

(d) None

Explanation: Bulk modulus = stress / volumetric strain.

Q10. Shear modulus relates to:

(a) Shape change ✅

(b) Volume change

(c) Length change

(d) None

Explanation: Shear modulus = stress / shear strain.

Q11. Poisson’s ratio is ratio of:

(a) Lateral strain / Longitudinal strain ✅

(b) Stress / Strain

(c) Force / Area

(d) None

Explanation: ν = lateral strain / longitudinal strain.

Q12. Poisson’s ratio has:

(a) No unit ✅

(b) Unit of Pascal

(c) Unit of Newton

(d) Unit of Joule

Explanation: Ratio, dimensionless.

Q13. Maximum value of Poisson’s ratio is:

(a) 0.5 ✅

(b) 1

(c) 0

(d) 2

Explanation: ν ≤ 0.5 for stable materials.

Q14. Steel is more elastic than rubber because:

(a) Young’s modulus is higher ✅

(b) Strain is higher

(c) Stress is lower

(d) None

Explanation: Higher modulus means more elasticity.

Q15. Hooke’s law is valid up to:

(a) Elastic limit ✅

(b) Yield point

(c) Breaking point

(d) None

Explanation: Beyond elastic limit, stress ≠ strain.

Q16. Elastic limit is the maximum:

(a) Stress up to which body regains shape ✅

(b) Strain

(c) Force

(d) None

Explanation: Beyond elastic limit, permanent deformation occurs.

Q17. Breaking stress is:

(a) Maximum stress before fracture ✅

(b) Stress at elastic limit

(c) Stress at yield point

(d) None

Explanation: Stress at which material breaks.

Q18. Stress–strain curve is used to study:

(a) Elastic properties ✅

(b) Magnetic properties

(c) Thermal properties

(d) None

Explanation: Curve shows elastic, plastic, fracture regions.

Q19. Toughness of material is measured by:

(a) Area under stress–strain curve ✅

(b) Height of curve

(c) Width of curve

(d) None

Explanation: More area = more toughness.

Q20. Elastic potential energy stored in stretched wire is:

(a) ½ stress × strain × volume ✅

(b) Stress × strain

(c) Force × distance

(d) None

Explanation: Energy density = ½ stress × strain.

Q21. Modulus of rigidity is also called:

(a) Shear modulus ✅

(b) Bulk modulus

(c) Young’s modulus

(d) None

Explanation: Relates shear stress to shear strain.

Q22. Compressibility is reciprocal of:

(a) Bulk modulus ✅

(b) Young’s modulus

(c) Shear modulus

(d) None

Explanation: Compressibility = 1/K.

Q23. For perfectly rigid body, modulus of elasticity is:

(a) Infinite ✅

(b) Zero

(c) One

(d) None

Explanation: No deformation, modulus → ∞.

Q24. For perfectly plastic body, modulus of elasticity is:

(a) Zero ✅

(b) Infinite

(c) One

(d) None

Explanation: No restoring force, modulus = 0.

Q25. Elastic fatigue means:

(a) Loss of elasticity due to repeated loading ✅

(b) Increase in elasticity

(c) Permanent deformation

(d) None

Explanation: Repeated stress reduces elasticity.

Q26. Stress is proportional to strain within:

(a) Elastic limit ✅

(b) Yield point

(c) Breaking point

(d) None

Explanation: Hooke’s law region.

Q27. The slope of stress–strain curve in elastic region gives:

(a) Young’s modulus ✅

(b) Bulk modulus

(c) Shear modulus

(d) None

Explanation: Y = stress/strain.

Q28. A wire of length L and radius r is stretched. Extension depends on:

(a) Length and radius ✅

(b) Only length

(c) Only radius

(d) None

Explanation: ΔL ∝ L/r².

Q29. Greater the Young’s modulus:

(a) More elastic material ✅

(b) Less elastic

(c) More plastic

(d) None

Explanation: Higher modulus = stronger elasticity.

Q30. Elasticity is maximum in:

(a) Steel ✅

(b) Copper

(c) Rubber

(d) Lead

Explanation: Steel has highest Young’s modulus.

Q31. Surface tension is defined as:

(a) Force per unit length ✅

(b) Force per unit area

(c) Energy per unit volume

(d) None

Explanation: Surface tension acts along liquid surface per unit length.

Q32. Unit of surface tension is:

(a) N/m ✅

(b) N/m²

(c) J/kg

(d) None

Explanation: Force per unit length.

Q33. Cause of surface tension is:

(a) Cohesive forces between molecules ✅

(b) Adhesive forces

(c) Gravity

(d) None

Explanation: Molecules at surface experience inward pull.

Q34. Capillary rise occurs due to:

(a) Adhesion > Cohesion ✅

(b) Cohesion > Adhesion

(c) Gravity

(d) None

Explanation: Water wets glass, rises in capillary.

Q35. Capillary depression occurs when:

(a) Cohesion > Adhesion ✅

(b) Adhesion > Cohesion

(c) Gravity

(d) None

Explanation: Mercury does not wet glass, depresses.

Q36. Angle of contact for water with glass is:

(a) Acute (<90°) ✅

(b) Obtuse (>90°)

(c) 90°

(d) None

Explanation: Water wets glass.

Q37. Angle of contact for mercury with glass is:

(a) Obtuse (>90°) ✅

(b) Acute

(c) 90°

(d) None

Explanation: Mercury does not wet glass.

Q38. Capillary rise formula is:

(a) h = 2T cosθ / (ρgr) ✅

(b) h = T/ρg

(c) h = ρgr/T

(d) None

Explanation: Derived from balance of forces.

Q39. Capillary rise is inversely proportional to:

(a) Radius of tube ✅

(b) Density

(c) Surface tension

(d) None

Explanation: Smaller radius → higher rise.

Q40. Detergents reduce surface tension because:

(a) They weaken cohesive forces ✅

(b) Strengthen cohesive forces

(c) Increase adhesion

(d) None

Explanation: Easier cleaning.

Q41. Viscosity is property of fluid to:

(a) Resist relative motion ✅

(b) Flow easily

(c) Remain still

(d) None

Explanation: Internal friction between layers.

Q42. Unit of viscosity is:

(a) N·s/m² ✅

(b) N/m

(c) J/kg

(d) None

Explanation: SI unit = Pascal second.

Q43. Viscosity of liquids decreases with:

(a) Increase in temperature ✅

(b) Decrease in temperature

(c) Pressure

(d) None

Explanation: Molecules move freely at higher temperature.

Q44. Viscosity of gases increases with:

(a) Increase in temperature ✅

(b) Decrease in temperature

(c) Pressure

(d) None

Explanation: More collisions at higher temperature.

Q45. Stokes’ law gives force on sphere moving in fluid:

(a) F = 6πrηv ✅

(b) F = ηrv

(c) F = 2πrηv

(d) None

Explanation: Drag force formula.

Q46. Terminal velocity is attained when:

(a) Net force = 0 ✅

(b) Net force > 0

(c) Net force < 0

(d) None

Explanation: Weight = buoyant force + viscous force.

Q47. Terminal velocity formula is:

(a) v = 2r²(ρ – σ)g / 9η ✅

(b) v = r²g/η

(c) v = η/ρg

(d) None

Explanation: Derived using Stokes’ law.

Q48. Viscosity is due to:

(a) Internal friction between layers ✅

(b) External force

(c) Gravity

(d) None

Explanation: Molecules resist sliding.

Q49. Water has viscosity about:

(a) 10⁻³ N·s/m² ✅

(b) 1 N·s/m²

(c) 10 N·s/m²

(d) None

Explanation: Standard value at room temperature.

Q50. Oil has viscosity compared to water:

(a) Higher ✅

(b) Lower

(c) Same

(d) None

Explanation: Oil flows slower.

Q51. Honey has viscosity compared to water:

(a) Much higher ✅

(b) Lower

(c) Same

(d) None

Explanation: Honey flows very slowly.

Q52. Blood viscosity is:

(a) Higher than water ✅

(b) Lower than water

(c) Same

(d) None

Explanation: Blood is thicker.

Q53. Surface tension decreases with:

(a) Increase in temperature ✅

(b) Decrease in temperature

(c) Pressure

(d) None

Explanation: Molecules move freely at higher temperature.

Q54. Capillary rise is independent of:

(a) Length of tube ✅

(b) Radius

(c) Surface tension

(d) Density

Explanation: Only radius matters, not length.

Q55. Viscosity coefficient is symbol:

(a) η ✅

(b) μ

(c) λ

(d) None

Explanation: Standard symbol.

Q56. Surface tension coefficient is symbol:

(a) T ✅

(b) η

(c) μ

(d) None

Explanation: Standard symbol.

Q57. Capillary rise is more in:

(a) Thin tube ✅

(b) Thick tube

(c) Same

(d) None

Explanation: Smaller radius → higher rise.

Q58. Capillary rise is less in:

(a) Thick tube ✅

(b) Thin tube

(c) Same

(d) None

Explanation: Larger radius → smaller rise.

Q59. Viscosity of ideal fluid is:

(a) Zero ✅

(b) Infinite

(c) One

(d) None

Explanation: Ideal fluid has no resistance.

Q60. Surface tension of soap solution is:

(a) Less than pure water ✅

(b) More than pure water

(c) Same

(d) None

Explanation: Soap reduces surface tension.

Q61. Capillary rise is used in:

(a) Ink pens ✅

(b) Fans

(c) Motors

(d) None

Explanation: Ink rises in nib.

Q62. Viscosity is useful in:

(a) Lubrication ✅

(b) Magnetism

(c) Electricity

(d) None

Explanation: Oil reduces friction.

Q63. Surface tension is useful in:

(a) Formation of droplets ✅

(b) Electricity

(c) Magnetism

(d) None

Explanation: Water forms spherical drops.

Q64. Capillary action is useful in:

(a) Plants absorbing water ✅

(b) Electricity

(c) Magnetism

(d) None

Explanation: Roots absorb water via capillarity.

Q65. Viscosity is measured by:

(a) Viscometer ✅

(b) Hydrometer

(c) Manometer

(d) None

Explanation: Instrument for viscosity.

Q66. Density is measured by:

(a) Hydrometer ✅

(b) Viscometer

(c) Manometer

(d) None

Explanation: Hydrometer measures relative density.

Q67. Pressure is measured by:

(a) Manometer ✅

(b) Hydrometer

(c) Viscometer

(d) None

Explanation: Manometer measures pressure.

Q68. Surface tension is measured by:

(a) Capillary rise method ✅

(b) Manometer

(c) Hydrometer

(d) None

Explanation: Rise in capillary tube.

Q69. Viscosity is important in:

(a) Blood flow ✅

(b) Magnetism

(c) Electricity

(d) None

Explanation: Determines ease of blood circulation.

Q70. Surface tension is important in:

(a) Cleaning with detergents ✅

(b) Magnetism

(c) Electricity

(d) None

Explanation: Detergents reduce surface tension for cleaning.

Q71. Equation of continuity states:

(a) A₁v₁ = A₂v₂ ✅

(b) A₁v₁ = A₂/v₂

(c) A₁/v₁ = A₂v₂

(d) None

Explanation: Flow rate is constant, area × velocity = constant.

Q72. Bernoulli’s theorem is based on:

(a) Conservation of energy ✅

(b) Conservation of mass

(c) Conservation of momentum

(d) None

Explanation: Total energy per unit volume is constant.

Q73. Bernoulli’s equation is valid for:

(a) Ideal fluid ✅

(b) Real fluid

(c) Viscous fluid

(d) None

Explanation: Assumes no viscosity, incompressible fluid.

Q74. Bernoulli’s equation is:

(a) P + ½ρv² + ρgh = constant ✅

(b) P + ρv² + ρgh = constant

(c) P + ρgh = constant

(d) None

Explanation: Pressure + kinetic + potential energy per unit volume.

Q75. Velocity of efflux is given by:

(a) v = √(2gh) ✅

(b) v = gh

(c) v = 2gh

(d) None

Explanation: Derived from Bernoulli’s theorem.

Q76. Torricelli’s theorem gives:

(a) Velocity of efflux ✅

(b) Pressure

(c) Density

(d) None

Explanation: v = √(2gh).

Q77. Streamline flow means:

(a) Velocity at a point is constant ✅

(b) Velocity changes randomly

(c) Flow is turbulent

(d) None

Explanation: Fluid particles follow smooth paths.

Q78. Turbulent flow means:

(a) Irregular motion of fluid ✅

(b) Smooth motion

(c) Constant velocity

(d) None

Explanation: Random eddies and swirls.

Q79. Reynolds number determines:

(a) Type of flow ✅

(b) Pressure

(c) Density

(d) None

Explanation: Re < 2000 → streamline, Re > 3000 → turbulent.

Q80. Reynolds number formula is:

(a) Re = ρvd/η ✅

(b) Re = ηvd/ρ

(c) Re = ρv/η

(d) None

Explanation: Dimensionless number.

Q81. Critical velocity is velocity at which:

(a) Flow changes from streamline to turbulent ✅

(b) Flow stops

(c) Flow increases

(d) None

Explanation: Depends on fluid and tube.

Q82. Equation of continuity shows:

(a) Mass conservation ✅

(b) Energy conservation

(c) Momentum conservation

(d) None

Explanation: Flow rate constant.

Q83. Bernoulli’s theorem explains:

(a) Lift of airplane ✅

(b) Weight of body

(c) Pressure in solids

(d) None

Explanation: Faster air → lower pressure → lift.

Q84. Application of Bernoulli’s theorem:

(a) Atomizer ✅

(b) Magnet

(c) Battery

(d) None

Explanation: Spray bottles work on pressure difference.

Q85. Hydraulic lift works on:

(a) Pascal’s law ✅

(b) Bernoulli’s theorem

(c) Newton’s law

(d) None

Explanation: Pressure transmitted equally.

Q86. Velocity of efflux depends on:

(a) Height of liquid column ✅

(b) Density

(c) Area

(d) None

Explanation: v = √(2gh).

Q87. Streamline flow occurs when:

(a) Re < 2000 ✅

(b) Re > 3000

(c) Re = 2000

(d) None

Explanation: Critical Reynolds number.

Q88. Turbulent flow occurs when:

(a) Re > 3000 ✅

(b) Re < 2000

(c) Re = 2000

(d) None

Explanation: Random motion.

Q89. Continuity equation is valid for:

(a) Incompressible fluid ✅

(b) Compressible fluid

(c) Viscous fluid

(d) None

Explanation: Assumes density constant.

Q90. Bernoulli’s theorem neglects:

(a) Viscosity ✅

(b) Pressure

(c) Density

(d) None

Explanation: Ideal fluid assumption.

Q91. Lift of airplane wing is due to:

(a) Pressure difference ✅

(b) Gravity

(c) Density

(d) None

Explanation: Faster air above wing → lower pressure.

Q92. Atomizer works on:

(a) Pressure difference ✅

(b) Gravity

(c) Density

(d) None

Explanation: Liquid rises due to low pressure.

Q93. Velocity of efflux is similar to:

(a) Free fall velocity ✅

(b) Projectile velocity

(c) Escape velocity

(d) None

Explanation: v = √(2gh).

Q94. Hydraulic brakes work on:

(a) Pascal’s law ✅

(b) Bernoulli’s theorem

(c) Newton’s law

(d) None

Explanation: Pressure transmitted equally.

Q95. Continuity equation shows:

(a) A₁v₁ = A₂v₂ ✅

(b) A₁v₁ = A₂/v₂

(c) A₁/v₁ = A₂v₂

(d) None

Explanation: Flow rate constant.

Q96. Bernoulli’s theorem is not valid for:

(a) Viscous fluids ✅

(b) Ideal fluids

(c) Incompressible fluids

(d) None

Explanation: Assumes no viscosity.

Q97. Application of Bernoulli’s theorem:

(a) Venturi meter ✅

(b) Hydrometer

(c) Manometer

(d) None

Explanation: Measures flow speed.

Q98. Venturi meter measures:

(a) Flow speed ✅

(b) Pressure

(c) Density

(d) None

Explanation: Based on pressure difference.

Q99. Pitot tube measures:

(a) Velocity of fluid ✅

(b) Pressure

(c) Density

(d) None

Explanation: Uses stagnation pressure.

Q100. Bernoulli’s theorem explains:

(a) Sailing of boats ✅

(b) Magnetism

(c) Electricity

(d) None

Explanation: Pressure difference helps motion.

Q101. Continuity equation is derived from:

(a) Mass conservation ✅

(b) Energy conservation

(c) Momentum conservation

(d) None

Explanation: Flow rate constant.

Q102. Bernoulli’s theorem is derived from:

(a) Energy conservation ✅

(b) Mass conservation

(c) Momentum conservation

(d) None

Explanation: Total energy constant.

Q103. Hydraulic press works on:

(a) Pascal’s law ✅

(b) Bernoulli’s theorem

(c) Newton’s law

(d) None

Explanation: Pressure transmitted equally.

Q104. Velocity of efflux is independent of:

(a) Area of hole ✅

(b) Height

(c) Density

(d) None

Explanation: v = √(2gh).

Q105. Streamline flow is also called:

(a) Laminar flow ✅

(b) Turbulent flow

(c) Random flow

(d) None

Explanation: Smooth paths.

Q106. Turbulent flow is also called:

(a) Irregular flow ✅

(b) Laminar flow

(c) Smooth flow

(d) None

Explanation: Random motion.

Q107. Reynolds number is dimensionless because:

(a) Units cancel out ✅

(b) Has units

(c) Depends on density

(d) None

Explanation: Ratio of forces.

Q108. Bernoulli’s theorem explains:

(a) Curve of cricket ball ✅

(b) Magnetism

(c) Electricity

(d) None

Explanation: Pressure difference causes swing.

Q109. Continuity equation is useful in:

(a) Pipe flow ✅

(b) Magnetism

(c) Electricity

(d) None

Explanation: Flow rate constant.

Q110. Bernoulli’s theorem is useful in:

(a) Designing aircraft ✅

(b) Designing magnets

(c) Designing batteries

(d) None

Explanation: Explains lift.

Q111. Buoyancy is the upward force exerted by:

(a) Fluid on immersed body ✅

(b) Solid on fluid

(c) Gas on solid

(d) None

Explanation: Fluids push upward on objects placed in them.

Q112. Archimedes’ principle states:

(a) Loss of weight = weight of displaced fluid ✅

(b) Loss of weight = volume of body

(c) Loss of weight = density of body

(d) None

Explanation: Buoyant force equals weight of displaced fluid.

Q113. Buoyant force depends on:

(a) Volume of displaced fluid ✅

(b) Mass of body

(c) Shape of body

(d) None

Explanation: Larger volume displaced → greater buoyancy.

Q114. A body floats when:

(a) Weight = Buoyant force ✅

(b) Weight > Buoyant force

(c) Weight < Buoyant force

(d) None

Explanation: Equilibrium condition.

Q115. A body sinks when:

(a) Weight > Buoyant force ✅

(b) Weight = Buoyant force

(c) Weight < Buoyant force

(d) None

Explanation: Net downward force.

Q116. A body rises when:

(a) Weight < Buoyant force ✅

(b) Weight = Buoyant force

(c) Weight > Buoyant force

(d) None

Explanation: Net upward force.

Q117. Density of floating body is:

(a) Less than fluid ✅

(b) Greater than fluid

(c) Equal to fluid

(d) None

Explanation: Float only if density < fluid.

Q118. Density of sinking body is:

(a) Greater than fluid ✅

(b) Less than fluid

(c) Equal to fluid

(d) None

Explanation: Sink if density > fluid.

Q119. Hydrometer works on:

(a) Archimedes’ principle ✅

(b) Bernoulli’s theorem

(c) Pascal’s law

(d) None

Explanation: Floats at different levels depending on density.

Q120. Ship floats because:

(a) Average density < water ✅

(b) Density > water

(c) Weight < buoyant force

(d) None

Explanation: Hollow design reduces average density.

Q121. Balloon rises because:

(a) Density < air ✅

(b) Density > air

(c) Weight > buoyant force

(d) None

Explanation: Buoyant force > weight.

Q122. Buoyant force acts through:

(a) Centre of buoyancy ✅

(b) Centre of gravity

(c) Centre of mass

(d) None

Explanation: Point of action of buoyant force.

Q123. Centre of buoyancy is:

(a) Centre of displaced fluid volume ✅

(b) Centre of gravity

(c) Centre of mass

(d) None

Explanation: Geometric centre of displaced fluid.

Q124. Submarine sinks by:

(a) Filling ballast tanks ✅

(b) Emptying ballast tanks

(c) Increasing speed

(d) None

Explanation: Increases density.

Q125. Submarine rises by:

(a) Emptying ballast tanks ✅

(b) Filling ballast tanks

(c) Increasing speed

(d) None

Explanation: Decreases density.

Q126. Apparent weight of body in fluid is:

(a) Actual weight – Buoyant force ✅

(b) Actual weight + Buoyant force

(c) Actual weight × Buoyant force

(d) None

Explanation: Buoyancy reduces effective weight.

Q127. Buoyant force is independent of:

(a) Depth of immersion ✅

(b) Volume displaced

(c) Density of fluid

(d) None

Explanation: Depends only on displaced fluid.

Q128. Buoyant force increases with:

(a) Density of fluid ✅

(b) Mass of body

(c) Shape of body

(d) None

Explanation: Denser fluid → stronger buoyancy.

Q129. Apparent loss of weight is equal to:

(a) Buoyant force ✅

(b) Actual weight

(c) Density

(d) None

Explanation: Archimedes’ principle.

Q130. Floating condition is:

(a) Density of body < density of fluid ✅

(b) Density of body > density of fluid

(c) Density equal

(d) None

Explanation: Float only if lighter.

Q131. Sinking condition is:

(a) Density of body > density of fluid ✅

(b) Density of body < density of fluid

(c) Density equal

(d) None

Explanation: Sink if heavier.

Q132. Neutral floating occurs when:

(a) Density of body = density of fluid ✅

(b) Density of body > density of fluid

(c) Density of body < density of fluid

(d) None

Explanation: Body remains suspended.

Q133. Apparent weightlessness in water is due to:

(a) Buoyant force ✅

(b) Gravity

(c) Pressure

(d) None

Explanation: Buoyancy reduces effective weight.

Q134. Buoyant force acts in direction:

(a) Upward ✅

(b) Downward

(c) Horizontal

(d) None

Explanation: Opposite to gravity.

Q135. Apparent density of body in fluid is:

(a) Actual density – fluid density ✅

(b) Actual density + fluid density

(c) Actual density × fluid density

(d) None

Explanation: Effective density reduced.

Q136. Floating of ice on water shows:

(a) Density of ice < water ✅

(b) Density of ice > water

(c) Density equal

(d) None

Explanation: Ice floats because lighter.

Q137. Floating of wood on water shows:

(a) Density of wood < water ✅

(b) Density of wood > water

(c) Density equal

(d) None

Explanation: Wood lighter than water.

Q138. Apparent loss of weight is measured by:

(a) Spring balance ✅

(b) Hydrometer

(c) Manometer

(d) None

Explanation: Shows reduced reading.

Q139. Buoyant force depends on:

(a) Volume displaced and fluid density ✅

(b) Mass of body

(c) Shape of body

(d) None

Explanation: F = ρVg.

Q140. Apparent weight in fluid is less because:

(a) Buoyant force acts upward ✅

(b) Gravity reduces

(c) Pressure reduces

(d) None

Explanation: Buoyancy opposes gravity.

Q141. Floating of ship is explained by:

(a) Archimedes’ principle ✅

(b) Bernoulli’s theorem

(c) Pascal’s law

(d) None

Explanation: Average density less than water.

Q142. Floating of balloon is explained by:

(a) Archimedes’ principle ✅

(b) Bernoulli’s theorem

(c) Pascal’s law

(d) None

Explanation: Buoyant force > weight.

Q143. Apparent loss of weight in fluid is equal to:

(a) Weight of displaced fluid ✅

(b) Weight of body

(c) Density of body

(d) None

Explanation: Archimedes’ principle.

Q144. Buoyant force is measured in:

(a) Newton ✅

(b) Pascal

(c) Joule

(d) None

Explanation: Force unit.

Q145. Apparent weightlessness in swimming pool is due to:

(a) Buoyant force ✅

(b) Gravity

(c) Pressure

(d) None

Explanation: Buoyancy reduces effective weight.

Q146. Apparent loss of weight increases with:

(a) Density of fluid ✅

(b) Mass of body

(c) Shape of body

(d) None

Explanation: Denser fluid → more buoyancy.

Q147. Apparent loss of weight decreases with:

(a) Less dense fluid ✅

(b) More dense fluid

(c) Mass of body

(d) None

Explanation: Lighter fluid → less buoyancy.

Q148. Apparent loss of weight is zero in:

(a) Vacuum ✅

(b) Water

(c) Air

(d) None

Explanation: No fluid → no buoyancy.

Q149. Apparent loss of weight is maximum in:

(a) Mercury ✅

(b) Water

(c) Air

(d) None

Explanation: Mercury has highest density.

Q150. Buoyant force is useful in:

(a) Designing ships and submarines ✅

(b) Designing magnets

(c) Designing batteries

(d) None

Explanation: Archimedes’ principle applied.

Q151. Pressure is defined as:

(a) Force per unit area ✅

(b) Force per unit length

(c) Force per unit volume

(d) None

Explanation: P = F/A.

Q152. Unit of pressure is:

(a) Pascal (N/m²) ✅

(b) Newton

(c) Joule

(d) Watt

Explanation: SI unit is Pascal.

Q153. Atmospheric pressure at sea level is:

(a) 1.013 × 10⁵ Pa ✅

(b) 1 Pa

(c) 10⁵ N

(d) None

Explanation: Standard atmospheric pressure.

Q154. Instrument to measure pressure is:

(a) Manometer ✅

(b) Hydrometer

(c) Viscometer

(d) None

Explanation: Manometer measures pressure.

Q155. Barometer measures:

(a) Atmospheric pressure ✅

(b) Density

(c) Viscosity

(d) None

Explanation: Mercury barometer.

Q156. Pascal’s law states:

(a) Pressure applied is transmitted equally ✅

(b) Pressure decreases

(c) Pressure increases

(d) None

Explanation: Basis of hydraulic machines.

Q157. Hydraulic lift works on:

(a) Pascal’s law ✅

(b) Bernoulli’s theorem

(c) Archimedes’ principle

(d) None

Explanation: Pressure transmitted equally.

Q158. Hydraulic brakes work on:

(a) Pascal’s law ✅

(b) Bernoulli’s theorem

(c) Archimedes’ principle

(d) None

Explanation: Pressure transmitted equally.

Q159. Pressure in liquids increases with:

(a) Depth ✅

(b) Area

(c) Volume

(d) None

Explanation: P = ρgh.

Q160. Pressure at depth h is:

(a) P = ρgh ✅

(b) P = gh

(c) P = ρg/h

(d) None

Explanation: Derived from hydrostatics.

Q161. Pressure is scalar because:

(a) It has magnitude only ✅

(b) It has direction

(c) It has both

(d) None

Explanation: No direction.

Q162. Pressure in fluids acts:

(a) In all directions ✅

(b) Only upward

(c) Only downward

(d) None

Explanation: Equal transmission.

Q163. Pressure at same depth is:

(a) Same in all directions ✅

(b) Different

(c) Zero

(d) None

Explanation: Hydrostatic principle.

Q164. Pressure depends on:

(a) Depth and density ✅

(b) Shape of container

(c) Area

(d) None

Explanation: P = ρgh.

Q165. Pressure is independent of:

(a) Shape of container ✅

(b) Depth

(c) Density

(d) None

Explanation: Hydrostatic paradox.

Q166. Hydraulic press works on:

(a) Pascal’s law ✅

(b) Bernoulli’s theorem

(c) Archimedes’ principle

(d) None

Explanation: Pressure transmitted equally.

Q167. Pressure in gases is due to:

(a) Molecular collisions ✅

(b) Gravity

(c) Cohesion

(d) None

Explanation: Molecules strike walls.

Q168. Pressure decreases with:

(a) Altitude ✅

(b) Depth

(c) Density

(d) None

Explanation: Less air above.

Q169. Pressure increases with:

(a) Depth ✅

(b) Altitude

(c) Shape

(d) None

Explanation: More fluid above.

Q170. Pressure in fluid is measured by:

(a) Manometer ✅

(b) Hydrometer

(c) Viscometer

(d) None

Explanation: Manometer.

Q171. Pressure in atmosphere is measured by:

(a) Barometer ✅

(b) Hydrometer

(c) Viscometer

(d) None

Explanation: Mercury barometer.

Q172. Pressure is transmitted equally in:

(a) All directions ✅

(b) One direction

(c) Two directions

(d) None

Explanation: Pascal’s law.

Q173. Hydraulic machines work on:

(a) Pascal’s law ✅

(b) Bernoulli’s theorem

(c) Archimedes’ principle

(d) None

Explanation: Equal transmission.

Q174. Pressure in liquid depends on:

(a) Depth and density ✅

(b) Shape

(c) Area

(d) None

Explanation: Hydrostatics.

Q175. Pressure at bottom of container depends on:

(a) Height of liquid column ✅

(b) Shape of container

(c) Area

(d) None

Explanation: Hydrostatic paradox.

Q176. Pressure in fluid is proportional to:

(a) Depth ✅

(b) Area

(c) Shape

(d) None

Explanation: P = ρgh.

Q177. Pressure in fluid is proportional to:

(a) Density ✅

(b) Area

(c) Shape

(d) None

Explanation: P = ρgh.

Q178. Pressure in fluid is proportional to:

(a) g ✅

(b) Area

(c) Shape

(d) None

Explanation: P = ρgh.

Q179. Pressure in fluid is independent of:

(a) Shape of container ✅

(b) Depth

(c) Density

(d) None

Explanation: Hydrostatic paradox.

Q180. Pressure in fluid is measured in:

(a) Pascal ✅

(b) Newton

(c) Joule

(d) None

Explanation: SI unit.

Q181. Pressure in atmosphere decreases with:

(a) Altitude ✅

(b) Depth

(c) Density

(d) None

Explanation: Less air above.

Q182. Pressure in liquid increases with:

(a) Depth ✅

(b) Altitude

(c) Shape

(d) None

Explanation: Hydrostatics.

Q183. Pressure in liquid is same at:

(a) Same depth ✅

(b) Different depth

(c) Surface

(d) None

Explanation: Hydrostatics.

Q184. Pressure in fluid acts:

(a) Perpendicular to surface ✅

(b) Parallel

(c) Tangential

(d) None

Explanation: Normal force.

Q185. Pressure in fluid is due to:

(a) Weight of fluid ✅

(b) Shape

(c) Area

(d) None

Explanation: Hydrostatics.

Q186. Pressure in atmosphere is due to:

(a) Weight of air ✅

(b) Shape

(c) Area

(d) None

Explanation: Atmosphere exerts weight.

Q187. Pressure in liquid is greater at:

(a) Greater depth ✅

(b) Lesser depth

(c) Surface

(d) None

Explanation: P = ρgh.

Q188. Pressure in liquid is less at:

(a) Lesser depth ✅

(b) Greater depth

(c) Surface

(d) None

Explanation: Hydrostatics.

Q189. Pressure in fluid is transmitted:

(a) Equally in all directions ✅

(b) Only upward

(c) Only downward

(d) None

Explanation: Pascal’s law.

Q190. Pressure in fluid is useful in:

(a) Hydraulic machines ✅

(b) Magnetism

(c) Electricity

(d) None

Explanation: Pascal’s law applications.

Q191. Density is defined as:

(a) Mass per unit volume ✅

(b) Mass per unit area

(c) Mass per unit length

(d) None

Explanation: ρ = m/V.

Q192. Unit of density is:

(a) kg/m³ ✅

(b) N/m²

(c) J/kg

(d) None

Explanation: SI unit is kilogram per cubic metre.

Q193. Relative density is ratio of:

(a) Density of substance / Density of water ✅

(b) Density of water / Density of substance

(c) Mass / Volume

(d) None

Explanation: Water taken as reference.

Q194. Relative density has:

(a) No unit ✅

(b) Unit of kg/m³

(c) Unit of Pascal

(d) None

Explanation: Ratio, dimensionless.

Q195. Density of water at 4°C is:

(a) 1000 kg/m³ ✅

(b) 1 kg/m³

(c) 10 kg/m³

(d) None

Explanation: Maximum density at 4°C.

Q196. Density of ice is:

(a) Less than water ✅

(b) Greater than water

(c) Equal to water

(d) None

Explanation: Ice floats on water.

Q197. Density of mercury is about:

(a) 13,600 kg/m³ ✅

(b) 1000 kg/m³

(c) 5000 kg/m³

(d) None

Explanation: Very dense liquid.

Q198. Density of air at STP is:

(a) 1.29 kg/m³ ✅

(b) 1000 kg/m³

(c) 10 kg/m³

(d) None

Explanation: Standard value.

Q199. Relative density is measured by:

(a) Hydrometer ✅

(b) Manometer

(c) Viscometer

(d) None

Explanation: Floats at different levels.

Q200. Density of gold is about:

(a) 19,300 kg/m³ ✅

(b) 10,000 kg/m³

(c) 5000 kg/m³

(d) None

Explanation: Very heavy metal.

Q201. Density of aluminium is about:

(a) 2700 kg/m³ ✅

(b) 5000 kg/m³

(c) 1000 kg/m³

(d) None

Explanation: Light metal.

Q202. Density of iron is about:

(a) 7800 kg/m³ ✅

(b) 2700 kg/m³

(c) 1000 kg/m³

(d) None

Explanation: Standard value.

Q203. Density of copper is about:

(a) 8900 kg/m³ ✅

(b) 2700 kg/m³

(c) 1000 kg/m³

(d) None

Explanation: Standard value.

Q204. Density of silver is about:

(a) 10,500 kg/m³ ✅

(b) 2700 kg/m³

(c) 1000 kg/m³

(d) None

Explanation: Standard value.

Q205. Density of lead is about:

(a) 11,300 kg/m³ ✅

(b) 2700 kg/m³

(c) 1000 kg/m³

(d) None

Explanation: Standard value.

Q206. Density of platinum is about:

(a) 21,400 kg/m³ ✅

(b) 19,300 kg/m³

(c) 10,000 kg/m³

(d) None

Explanation: Heaviest common metal.

Q207. Density of hydrogen gas is:

(a) 0.09 kg/m³ ✅

(b) 1.29 kg/m³

(c) 1000 kg/m³

(d) None

Explanation: Very light gas.

Q208. Density of oxygen gas is:

(a) 1.43 kg/m³ ✅

(b) 1.29 kg/m³

(c) 1000 kg/m³

(d) None

Explanation: Standard value.

Q209. Density of carbon dioxide gas is:

(a) 1.98 kg/m³ ✅

(b) 1.29 kg/m³

(c) 1000 kg/m³

(d) None

Explanation: Heavier than air.

Q210. Density of helium gas is:

(a) 0.18 kg/m³ ✅

(b) 1.29 kg/m³

(c) 1000 kg/m³

(d) None

Explanation: Light gas.

Q211. Density of ethanol is about:

(a) 789 kg/m³ ✅

(b) 1000 kg/m³

(c) 500 kg/m³

(d) None

Explanation: Less than water.

Q212. Density of oil is:

(a) Less than water ✅

(b) Greater than water

(c) Equal to water

(d) None

Explanation: Oil floats on water.

Q213. Density of sea water is:

(a) Greater than pure water ✅

(b) Less than pure water

(c) Equal

(d) None

Explanation: Due to dissolved salts.

Q214. Density of milk is:

(a) Slightly greater than water ✅

(b) Less than water

(c) Equal

(d) None

Explanation: Due to dissolved solids.

Q215. Density of gases depends on:

(a) Pressure and temperature ✅

(b) Shape

(c) Area

(d) None

Explanation: PV = nRT relation.

Q216. Density of liquids depends on:

(a) Temperature ✅

(b) Pressure

(c) Shape

(d) None

Explanation: Expansion changes density.

Q217. Density of solids depends on:

(a) Material ✅

(b) Shape

(c) Area

(d) None

Explanation: Fixed property.

Q218. Relative density is useful in:

(a) Identifying substances ✅

(b) Measuring pressure

(c) Measuring viscosity

(d) None

Explanation: Each material has unique density.

Q219. Density is important in:

(a) Floating and sinking ✅

(b) Magnetism

(c) Electricity

(d) None

Explanation: Determines buoyancy.

Q220. Density is measured in:

(a) kg/m³ ✅

(b) Pascal

(c) Joule

(d) None

Explanation: SI unit.

Q221. Kinetic theory of gases assumes:

(a) Molecules are in random motion ✅

(b) Molecules are at rest

(c) Molecules are fixed

(d) None

Explanation: Gas molecules move randomly.

Q222. Pressure of gas is due to:

(a) Molecular collisions with walls ✅

(b) Gravity

(c) Cohesion

(d) None

Explanation: Molecules strike container walls.

Q223. Average kinetic energy of gas molecules is proportional to:

(a) Absolute temperature ✅

(b) Pressure

(c) Volume

(d) None

Explanation: KE ∝ T.

Q224. Equation of state of ideal gas is:

(a) PV = nRT ✅

(b) PV = RT

(c) PV = T

(d) None

Explanation: Ideal gas law.

Q225. Boltzmann constant relates:

(a) Energy per molecule to temperature ✅

(b) Pressure to volume

(c) Mass to volume

(d) None

Explanation: k = R/NA.

Q226. Mean free path is:

(a) Average distance travelled between collisions ✅

(b) Average velocity

(c) Average displacement

(d) None

Explanation: Distance between successive collisions.

Q227. Degrees of freedom are:

(a) Independent ways of motion ✅

(b) Dependent ways

(c) Fixed ways

(d) None

Explanation: Translational, rotational, vibrational.

Q228. For monoatomic gas, degrees of freedom are:

(a) 3 ✅

(b) 5

(c) 6

(d) None

Explanation: Only translational.

Q229. For diatomic gas, degrees of freedom are:

(a) 5 ✅

(b) 3

(c) 6

(d) None

Explanation: 3 translational + 2 rotational.

Q230. For triatomic gas, degrees of freedom are:

(a) 6 ✅

(b) 5

(c) 3

(d) None

Explanation: Translational + rotational + vibrational.

Q231. Law of equipartition of energy states:

(a) Each degree of freedom has ½kT energy ✅

(b) Each has kT

(c) Each has T

(d) None

Explanation: Energy equally distributed.

Q232. Specific heat at constant volume (Cv) is:

(a) (f/2)R ✅

(b) fR

(c) R

(d) None

Explanation: f = degrees of freedom.

Q233. Specific heat at constant pressure (Cp) is:

(a) Cv + R ✅

(b) Cv – R

(c) Cv × R

(d) None

Explanation: Cp – Cv = R.

Q234. Ratio of specific heats (γ) is:

(a) Cp/Cv ✅

(b) Cv/Cp

(c) Cp – Cv

(d) None

Explanation: γ = Cp/Cv.

Q235. For monoatomic gas, γ is:

(a) 5/3 ✅

(b) 7/5

(c) 1

(d) None

Explanation: Cp = 5/2R, Cv = 3/2R.

Q236. For diatomic gas, γ is:

(a) 7/5 ✅

(b) 5/3

(c) 1

(d) None

Explanation: Cp = 7/2R, Cv = 5/2R.

Q237. Root mean square velocity formula is:

(a) √(3RT/M) ✅

(b) √(RT/M)

(c) √(2RT/M)

(d) None

Explanation: Derived from kinetic theory.

Q238. Average velocity formula is:

(a) √(8RT/πM) ✅

(b) √(3RT/M)

(c) √(2RT/M)

(d) None

Explanation: Maxwell distribution.

Q239. Most probable velocity formula is:

(a) √(2RT/M) ✅

(b) √(3RT/M)

(c) √(8RT/πM)

(d) None

Explanation: Maxwell distribution.

Q240. Maxwell distribution explains:

(a) Distribution of molecular speeds ✅

(b) Distribution of pressure

(c) Distribution of volume

(d) None

Explanation: Probability curve.

Q241. Pressure of ideal gas is:

(a) ⅓ρc² ✅

(b) ρc²

(c) ½ρc²

(d) None

Explanation: Derived from kinetic theory.

Q242. Internal energy of ideal gas depends on:

(a) Temperature only ✅

(b) Pressure

(c) Volume

(d) None

Explanation: U ∝ T.

Q243. Internal energy of monoatomic gas is:

(a) 3/2 nRT ✅

(b) 5/2 nRT

(c) nRT

(d) None

Explanation: KE only.

Q244. Internal energy of diatomic gas is:

(a) 5/2 nRT ✅

(b) 3/2 nRT

(c) nRT

(d) None

Explanation: Translational + rotational.

Q245. Internal energy of triatomic gas is:

(a) 3nRT ✅

(b) 5/2 nRT

(c) 3/2 nRT

(d) None

Explanation: Translational + rotational + vibrational.

Q246. Mean free path increases with:

(a) Decrease in pressure ✅

(b) Increase in pressure

(c) Increase in density

(d) None

Explanation: Fewer collisions at low pressure.

Q247. Mean free path decreases with:

(a) Increase in pressure ✅

(b) Decrease in pressure

(c) Increase in volume

(d) None

Explanation: More collisions at high pressure.

Q248. Kinetic theory explains:

(a) Gas laws ✅

(b) Magnetism

(c) Electricity

(d) None

Explanation: Boyle’s, Charles’, Avogadro’s laws.

Q249. Boyle’s law states:

(a) PV = constant at constant T ✅

(b) V/T = constant

(c) P/T = constant

(d) None

Explanation: Pressure inversely proportional to volume.

Q250. Charles’ law states:

(a) V ∝ T at constant P ✅

(b) P ∝ T

(c) V ∝ P

(d) None

Explanation: Volume increases with temperature.

Q251. Gay-Lussac’s law states:

(a) P ∝ T at constant V ✅

(b) V ∝ T

(c) P ∝ V

(d) None

Explanation: Pressure increases with temperature.

Q252. Avogadro’s law states:

(a) Equal volumes have equal molecules ✅

(b) Equal masses have equal molecules

(c) Equal pressures have equal molecules

(d) None

Explanation: At same T and P.

Q253. Ideal gas constant R value is:

(a) 8.314 J/(mol·K) ✅

(b) 1

(c) 10

(d) None

Explanation: Universal constant.

Q254. Boltzmann constant k value is:

(a) 1.38 × 10⁻²³ J/K ✅

(b) 8.314 J/K

(c) 10 J/K

(d) None

Explanation: Energy per molecule per Kelvin.

Q255. Dalton’s law of partial pressures states:

(a) Total pressure = sum of partial pressures ✅

(b) Total pressure = product

(c) Total pressure = difference

(d) None

Explanation: Additive property.

Q256. Graham’s law of diffusion states:

(a) Rate ∝ 1/√density ✅

(b) Rate ∝ density

(c) Rate ∝ pressure

(d) None

Explanation: Lighter gases diffuse faster.

Q257. Mean kinetic energy per molecule is:

(a) 3/2 kT ✅

(b) kT

(c) ½kT

(d) None

Explanation: KE ∝ T.

Q258. Pressure of gas is proportional to:

(a) Temperature and density ✅

(b) Volume

(c) Shape

(d) None

Explanation: P ∝ ρT.

Q259. Internal energy of ideal gas is:

(a) Function of temperature only ✅

(b) Function of pressure

(c) Function of volume

(d) None

Explanation: U ∝ T.

Q260. Specific heat ratio γ determines:

(a) Speed of sound in gas ✅

(b) Pressure

(c) Volume

(d) None

Explanation: v = √(γRT/M).

Q261. Speed of sound in air is about:

(a) 343 m/s ✅

(b) 100 m/s

(c) 500 m/s

(d) None

Explanation: At room temperature.

Q262. Kinetic theory assumes collisions are:

(a) Elastic ✅

(b) Inelastic

(c) Plastic

(d) None

Explanation: No energy loss.

Q263. Kinetic theory assumes molecules are:

(a) Point masses ✅

(b) Extended bodies

(c) Charged particles

(d) None

Explanation: Negligible size.

Q264. Kinetic theory assumes intermolecular forces are:

(a) Negligible ✅

(b) Strong

(c) Moderate

(d) None

Explanation: Ideal gas assumption.

Q265. Pressure of gas is related to:

(a) Average kinetic energy ✅

(b) Potential energy

(c) Mass

(d) None

Explanation: P ∝ KE.

Q266. Internal energy of monoatomic gas is due to:

(a) Translational motion only ✅

(b) Rotational motion

(c) Vibrational motion

(d) None

Explanation: Monoatomic gases have only translational degrees of freedom.

Q267. Internal energy of diatomic gas is due to:

(a) Translational + rotational motion ✅

(b) Translational only

(c) Vibrational only

(d) None

Explanation: Diatomic gases have 5 degrees of freedom.

Q268. Internal energy of triatomic gas is due to:

(a) Translational + rotational + vibrational motion ✅

(b) Translational only

(c) Rotational only

(d) None

Explanation: Triatomic gases have 6 degrees of freedom.

Q269. Specific heat ratio γ affects:

(a) Speed of sound in gas ✅

(b) Pressure only

(c) Volume only

(d) None

Explanation: v = √(γRT/M).

Q270. Speed of sound in gas increases with:

(a) Temperature ✅

(b) Pressure

(c) Volume

(d) None

Explanation: Higher temperature → higher molecular speed.

Q271. Root mean square velocity depends on:

(a) Temperature and molar mass ✅

(b) Pressure only

(c) Volume only

(d) None

Explanation: v = √(3RT/M).

Q272. Average kinetic energy per molecule is:

(a) 3/2 kT ✅

(b) kT

(c) ½kT

(d) None

Explanation: Directly proportional to temperature.

Q273. Pressure of ideal gas is related to:

(a) Average kinetic energy ✅

(b) Potential energy

(c) Mass only

(d) None

Explanation: P ∝ KE of molecules.

Q274. Boyle’s law is explained by:

(a) Kinetic theory ✅

(b) Pascal’s law

(c) Archimedes’ principle

(d) None

Explanation: Pressure inversely proportional to volume.

Q275. Charles’ law is explained by:

(a) Kinetic theory ✅

(b) Pascal’s law

(c) Archimedes’ principle

(d) None

Explanation: Volume directly proportional to temperature.

Q276. Gay-Lussac’s law is explained by:

(a) Kinetic theory ✅

(b) Pascal’s law

(c) Archimedes’ principle

(d) None

Explanation: Pressure directly proportional to temperature.

Q277. Avogadro’s law is explained by:

(a) Kinetic theory ✅

(b) Pascal’s law

(c) Archimedes’ principle

(d) None

Explanation: Equal volumes contain equal molecules.

Q278. Dalton’s law of partial pressures is explained by:

(a) Kinetic theory ✅

(b) Pascal’s law

(c) Archimedes’ principle

(d) None

Explanation: Pressure is additive.

Q279. Graham’s law of diffusion is explained by:

(a) Kinetic theory ✅

(b) Pascal’s law

(c) Archimedes’ principle

(d) None

Explanation: Rate ∝ 1/√density.

Q280. Maxwell distribution curve shows:

(a) Distribution of molecular speeds ✅

(b) Distribution of pressure

(c) Distribution of volume

(d) None

Explanation: Probability distribution of speeds.

Q281. Most probable velocity is:

(a) √(2RT/M) ✅

(b) √(3RT/M)

(c) √(8RT/πM)

(d) None

Explanation: Derived from Maxwell distribution.

Q282. Average velocity is:

(a) √(8RT/πM) ✅

(b) √(3RT/M)

(c) √(2RT/M)

(d) None

Explanation: Mean speed of molecules.

Q283. RMS velocity is:

(a) √(3RT/M) ✅

(b) √(2RT/M)

(c) √(8RT/πM)

(d) None

Explanation: Root mean square speed.

Q284. Internal energy of ideal gas depends on:

(a) Temperature only ✅

(b) Pressure

(c) Volume

(d) None

Explanation: U ∝ T.

Q285. Specific heat ratio γ for monoatomic gas is:

(a) 5/3 ✅

(b) 7/5

(c) 1

(d) None

Explanation: Cp/Cv = 5/3.

Q286. Specific heat ratio γ for diatomic gas is:

(a) 7/5 ✅

(b) 5/3

(c) 1

(d) None

Explanation: Cp/Cv = 7/5.

Q287. Specific heat ratio γ for triatomic gas is:

(a) 4/3 ✅

(b) 5/3

(c) 7/5

(d) None

Explanation: Cp/Cv = 4/3.

Q288. Mean free path increases with:

(a) Decrease in pressure ✅

(b) Increase in pressure

(c) Increase in density

(d) None

Explanation: Fewer collisions at low pressure.

Q289. Mean free path decreases with:

(a) Increase in pressure ✅

(b) Decrease in pressure

(c) Increase in volume

(d) None

Explanation: More collisions at high pressure.

Q290. Kinetic theory assumes collisions are:

(a) Elastic ✅

(b) Inelastic

(c) Plastic

(d) None

Explanation: No energy loss.

Q291. Kinetic theory assumes molecules are:

(a) Point masses ✅

(b) Extended bodies

(c) Charged particles

(d) None

Explanation: Negligible size.

Q292. Kinetic theory assumes intermolecular forces are:

(a) Negligible ✅

(b) Strong

(c) Moderate

(d) None

Explanation: Ideal gas assumption.

Q293. Pressure of gas is proportional to:

(a) Density × Temperature ✅

(b) Volume only

(c) Shape

(d) None

Explanation: P ∝ ρT.

Q294. Internal energy of monoatomic gas is:

(a) 3/2 nRT ✅

(b) 5/2 nRT

(c) nRT

(d) None

Explanation: Translational KE only.

Q295. Internal energy of diatomic gas is:

(a) 5/2 nRT ✅

(b) 3/2 nRT

(c) nRT

(d) None

Explanation: Translational + rotational KE.

Q296. Internal energy of triatomic gas is:

(a) 3nRT ✅

(b) 5/2 nRT

(c) 3/2 nRT

(d) None

Explanation: Translational + rotational + vibrational KE.

Q297. Specific heat at constant volume (Cv) is:

(a) (f/2)R ✅

(b) fR

(c) R

(d) None

Explanation: f = degrees of freedom.

Q298. Specific heat at constant pressure (Cp) is:

(a) Cv + R ✅

(b) Cv – R

(c) Cv × R

(d) None

Explanation: Cp – Cv = R.

Q299. Ratio of specific heats γ is:

(a) Cp/Cv ✅

(b) Cv/Cp

(c) Cp – Cv

(d) None

Explanation: γ = Cp/Cv.

Q300. Kinetic theory explains:

(a) Gas laws and molecular motion ✅

(b) Magnetism

(c) Electricity

(d) None

Explanation: Basis of Boyle’s, Charles’, Avogadro’s laws.