250 Gravitation MCQs with Answers | Physics Practice for Competitive Exams

Gravitation 

This collection offers 250 multiple-choice questions with answers and clear explanations on Gravitation. It is designed for a global audience, making it useful for high school physics students, university aspirants, Olympiad participants, and competitive exam candidates worldwide.

What You’ll Gain

- Complete coverage of Gravitation topics: Newton’s Law, Gravity & Motion, Satellites, Escape Velocity, and Gravitational Potential.  

- School-level clarity: Each answer is explained in simple terms for easy understanding.  

- Advanced practice: Includes assertion–reason, numerical problems, and conceptual challenges.  

- Global relevance: Useful for SAT, GRE, NEET, GCSE, IB, and other international exams.  

- Exam readiness: Strengthen problem-solving skills, revise faster, and build confidence.

This MCQ bank is structured to help you learn smarter, practice deeper, and prepare better — whether you’re revising for class, teaching physics, or aiming for top scores in global exams.

Q1. Newton’s law of gravitation states that the force between two masses is:

(a) Directly proportional to product of masses ✅

(b) Inversely proportional to product of masses

(c) Directly proportional to square of distance

(d) Independent of distance

Explanation: F = Gm₁m₂/r².

Q2. The value of universal gravitational constant G is:

(a) 6.67 × 10⁻¹¹ N·m²/kg² ✅

(b) 9.8 N/kg

(c) 1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹ C

(d) 3 × 10⁸ m/s

Explanation: Standard value of G.

Q3. Dimensional formula of G is:

(a) [M⁻¹L³T⁻²] ✅

(b) [ML²T⁻²]

(c) [M¹L⁻²T²]

(d) [M⁻²L³T⁻¹]

Explanation: Derived from F = Gm₁m₂/r².

Q4. If distance between two masses is doubled, gravitational force becomes:

(a) One-fourth ✅

(b) Half

(c) Double

(d) Four times

Explanation: F ∝ 1/r².

Q5. Force between two 1 kg masses separated by 1 m:

(a) 6.67 × 10⁻¹¹ N ✅

(b) 9.8 N

(c) 1 N

(d) 0.1 N

Explanation: F = Gm₁m₂/r².

Q6. Gravitational force is always:

(a) Attractive ✅

(b) Repulsive

(c) Zero

(d) Depends on mass

Explanation: Gravity pulls masses together.

Q7. If mass of one body is doubled, force becomes:

(a) Double ✅

(b) Half

(c) Same

(d) Four times

Explanation: F ∝ m₁m₂.

Q8. If both masses are doubled, force becomes:

(a) Four times ✅

(b) Double

(c) Same

(d) Half

Explanation: F ∝ m₁m₂.

Q9. Gravitational constant G is:

(a) Same everywhere ✅

(b) Varies with place

(c) Depends on mass

(d) Depends on medium

Explanation: G is universal.

Q10. Unit of gravitational constant G:

(a) N·m²/kg² ✅

(b) N/kg

(c) J/kg

(d) m/s²

Explanation: Derived from formula.

Q11. Gravitational force between Earth and 1 kg mass at surface:

(a) 9.8 N ✅

(b) 10 N

(c) 1 N

(d) 100 N

Explanation: F = mg.

Q12. If distance between Earth and Moon is reduced to half, force becomes:

(a) Four times ✅

(b) Half

(c) Double

(d) Same

Explanation: F ∝ 1/r².

Q13. Gravitational force is weakest among:

(a) Fundamental forces ✅

(b) Electromagnetic

(c) Strong nuclear

(d) Weak nuclear

Explanation: Gravity is weakest.

Q14. Value of G was first measured by:

(a) Cavendish ✅

(b) Newton

(c) Einstein

(d) Galileo

Explanation: Cavendish experiment.

Q15. Gravitational force between two masses depends on:

(a) Masses and distance ✅

(b) Shape

(c) Volume

(d) Temperature

Explanation: F = Gm₁m₂/r².

Q16. If distance between two masses is tripled, force becomes:

(a) One-ninth ✅

(b) One-third

(c) Three times

(d) Nine times

Explanation: F ∝ 1/r².

Q17. Gravitational constant G is a:

(a) Scalar quantity ✅

(b) Vector quantity

(c) Depends on direction

(d) None

Explanation: G has magnitude only.

Q18. Gravitational force between two bodies is independent of:

(a) Medium between them ✅

(b) Mass

(c) Distance

(d) G

Explanation: Gravity acts through vacuum.

Q19. If distance between two masses is reduced to one-third, force becomes:

(a) Nine times ✅

(b) Three times

(c) One-third

(d) Same

Explanation: F ∝ 1/r².

Q20. Gravitational force between two masses is zero when:

(a) Distance → ∞ ✅

(b) Mass = 0

(c) G = 0

(d) None

Explanation: At infinite separation.

Q21. Gravitational constant G was determined using:

(a) Torsion balance ✅

(b) Spring balance

(c) Beam balance

(d) Pendulum

Explanation: Cavendish experiment.

Q22. Gravitational force is significant only when:

(a) Masses are large ✅

(b) Distance is small

(c) Both

(d) None

Explanation: Gravity is weak otherwise.

Q23. Gravitational force between two electrons is:

(a) Negligible ✅

(b) Equal to electric force

(c) Strong

(d) Infinite

Explanation: Gravity is weakest.

Q24. If distance between two masses is reduced to half, force becomes:

(a) Four times ✅

(b) Half

(c) Double

(d) Same

Explanation: F ∝ 1/r².

Q25. Gravitational force is responsible for:

(a) Planetary motion ✅

(b) Electric current

(c) Magnetism

(d) Nuclear fusion

Explanation: Gravity keeps planets in orbit.

Q26. Gravitational constant G is:

(a) Independent of medium ✅

(b) Depends on medium

(c) Depends on mass

(d) Depends on distance

Explanation: G is universal.

Q27. Gravitational force between two masses is inversely proportional to:

(a) Square of distance ✅

(b) Distance

(c) Cube of distance

(d) None

Explanation: F ∝ 1/r².

Q28. Gravitational force is:

(a) Central force ✅

(b) Non-central

(c) Random

(d) None

Explanation: Acts along line joining masses.

Q29. Gravitational force is:

(a) Conservative ✅

(b) Non-conservative

(c) Dissipative

(d) None

Explanation: Work done is path-independent.

Q30. Gravitational constant G is:

(a) Very small value ✅

(b) Very large

(c) Infinite

(d) Zero

Explanation: G = 6.67×10⁻¹¹.

Q31. Gravitational force between two 10 kg masses 2 m apart:

(a) 1.67 × 10⁻⁹ N ✅

(b) 6.67 × 10⁻¹¹ N

(c) 1 N

(d) 0.1 N

Explanation: F = Gm₁m₂/r².

Q32. Gravitational force is independent of:

(a) Nature of medium ✅

(b) Mass

(c) Distance

(d) G

Explanation: Gravity acts through vacuum.

Q33. Gravitational force is:

(a) Long-range force ✅

(b) Short-range

(c) Contact force

(d) None

Explanation: Acts over large distances.

Q34. Gravitational force is responsible for:

(a) Tides ✅

(b) Magnetism

(c) Electricity

(d) Nuclear force

Explanation: Moon’s gravity causes tides.

Q35. Gravitational force is:

(a) Weakest fundamental force ✅

(b) Strongest

(c) Equal to electromagnetic

(d) None

Explanation: Gravity is weakest.

Q36. Gravitational constant G is:

(a) Same for all pairs of masses ✅

(b) Different for different masses

(c) Depends on distance

(d) None

Explanation: G is universal.

Q37. Gravitational force is:

(a) Attractive only ✅

(b) Repulsive only

(c) Both

(d) None

Explanation: Gravity pulls masses together.

Q38. Gravitational force is:

(a) Mutual ✅

(b) One-sided

(c) Depends on heavier mass

(d) None

Explanation: Both masses attract each other.

Q39. Gravitational force is:

(a) Action-reaction pair ✅

(b) One-way

(c) Depends on G only

(d) None

Explanation: Newton’s third law applies.

Q40. Gravitational force is:

(a) Universal ✅

(b) Local

(c) Temporary

(d) None

Explanation: Acts between all masses.

Q41. Acceleration due to gravity at Earth’s surface is:

(a) 9.8 m/s² ✅

(b) 10 m/s²

(c) 8 m/s²

(d) 12 m/s²

Explanation: Standard value at sea level.

Q42. Value of g decreases with:

(a) Height above Earth ✅

(b) Depth below Earth

(c) Latitude

(d) All of these

Explanation: g varies with position.

Q43. At poles, value of g is:

(a) Maximum ✅

(b) Minimum

(c) Zero

(d) Same as equator

Explanation: Due to Earth’s rotation.

Q44. At equator, value of g is:

(a) Minimum ✅

(b) Maximum

(c) Zero

(d) Same everywhere

Explanation: Centrifugal force reduces g.

Q45. Acceleration due to gravity is independent of:

(a) Mass of body ✅

(b) Height

(c) Latitude

(d) Depth

Explanation: g depends only on Earth.

Q46. If radius of Earth increases, g:

(a) Decreases ✅

(b) Increases

(c) Same

(d) Zero

Explanation: g ∝ 1/R².

Q47. At height equal to Earth’s radius, g becomes:

(a) 1/4 of surface value ✅

(b) 1/2

(c) Same

(d) Zero

Explanation: g’ = g/(1+h/R)².

Q48. At depth equal to Earth’s radius, g becomes:

(a) Zero ✅

(b) Half

(c) Same

(d) Double

Explanation: g decreases linearly with depth.

Q49. At depth R/2, g becomes:

(a) Half ✅

(b) Zero

(c) Same

(d) Double

Explanation: g’ = g(1–d/R).

Q50. At height R/2, g becomes:

(a) 1/4 of surface value ✅

(b) Half

(c) Same

(d) Zero

Explanation: g’ = g/(1+h/R)².

Q51. Acceleration due to gravity at Moon’s surface is:

(a) 1/6 of Earth ✅

(b) Same as Earth

(c) Double

(d) Zero

Explanation: gMoon ≈ 1.6 m/s².

Q52. Weight of body is maximum at:

(a) Poles ✅

(b) Equator

(c) Centre of Earth

(d) None

Explanation: g is maximum at poles.

Q53. Weight of body is minimum at:

(a) Equator ✅

(b) Poles

(c) Centre

(d) None

Explanation: Centrifugal force reduces g.

Q54. At centre of Earth, g is:

(a) Zero ✅

(b) Maximum

(c) Minimum

(d) Same

Explanation: g decreases linearly to zero.

Q55. If Earth stops rotating, value of g at equator:

(a) Increases ✅

(b) Decreases

(c) Same

(d) Zero

Explanation: Centrifugal force vanishes.

Q56. Apparent weight in lift moving upward with acceleration a:

(a) mg+ma ✅

(b) mg–ma

(c) mg

(d) Zero

Explanation: Effective force increases.

Q57. Apparent weight in lift moving downward with acceleration a:

(a) mg–ma ✅

(b) mg+ma

(c) mg

(d) Zero

Explanation: Effective force decreases.

Q58. Apparent weight in free fall:

(a) Zero ✅

(b) mg

(c) Infinite

(d) Same

Explanation: Condition of weightlessness.

Q59. Weightlessness occurs in:

(a) Free fall ✅

(b) Lift at rest

(c) Lift moving upward

(d) None

Explanation: Apparent weight = 0.

Q60. Value of g at altitude h is given by:

(a) g’ = g(1–2h/R) ✅

(b) g’ = g(1+h/R)

(c) g’ = g(1–h/R)

(d) g’ = g(1–h²/R²)

Explanation: Approximate formula.

Q61. Value of g at depth d is:

(a) g’ = g(1–d/R) ✅

(b) g’ = g(1–2d/R)

(c) g’ = g(1–d²/R²)

(d) g’ = g

Explanation: Linear decrease.

Q62. At height equal to Earth’s radius, g becomes:

(a) 1/4 g ✅

(b) 1/2 g

(c) 1/3 g

(d) Same

Explanation: g’ = g/(2R)².

Q63. At depth equal to Earth’s radius, g becomes:

(a) Zero ✅

(b) Half

(c) Same

(d) Double

Explanation: g decreases linearly.

Q64. Variation of g with latitude is due to:

(a) Earth’s rotation ✅

(b) Earth’s revolution

(c) Shape of Earth

(d) None

Explanation: Centrifugal force effect.

Q65. Value of g at equator is less than poles by:

(a) 0.034 m/s² ✅

(b) 0.1 m/s²

(c) 1 m/s²

(d) 0.5 m/s²

Explanation: Due to rotation.

Q66. Weight of body at poles compared to equator:

(a) Greater ✅

(b) Less

(c) Same

(d) Zero

Explanation: g is maximum at poles.

Q67. At height h << R, g decreases:

(a) Linearly with h ✅

(b) Quadratically

(c) Constant

(d) None

Explanation: Approximate formula.

Q68. At depth d << R, g decreases:

(a) Linearly with d ✅

(b) Quadratically

(c) Constant

(d) None

Explanation: Approximate formula.

Q69. At centre of Earth, weight of body is:

(a) Zero ✅

(b) Maximum

(c) Minimum

(d) Same

Explanation: g = 0 at centre.

Q70. Apparent weight in lift moving downward with g:

(a) Zero ✅

(b) mg

(c) Infinite

(d) Same

Explanation: Free fall condition.

Q71. Apparent weight in lift moving upward with g:

(a) 2mg ✅

(b) mg

(c) Zero

(d) Infinite

Explanation: Effective acceleration = 2g.

Q72. Apparent weight in lift moving downward with g/2:

(a) mg/2 ✅

(b) mg

(c) Zero

(d) 2mg

Explanation: Effective acceleration = g–g/2.

Q73. Apparent weight in lift moving upward with g/2:

(a) 3mg/2 ✅

(b) mg

(c) Zero

(d) 2mg

Explanation: Effective acceleration = g+g/2.

Q74. Weightlessness experienced by astronauts is due to:

(a) Free fall of satellite ✅

(b) No gravity

(c) Zero mass

(d) None

Explanation: Satellite in orbit is in free fall.

Q75. Value of g decreases with:

(a) Altitude and depth ✅

(b) Latitude only

(c) Mass of body

(d) None

Explanation: g varies with position.

Q76. At equator, centrifugal force is:

(a) Maximum ✅

(b) Minimum

(c) Zero

(d) Same everywhere

Explanation: Rotation effect.

Q77. At poles, centrifugal force is:

(a) Zero ✅

(b) Maximum

(c) Minimum

(d) Same

Explanation: Axis of rotation passes through poles.

Q78. At equator, apparent weight is:

(a) Less than true weight ✅

(b) Greater

(c) Same

(d) Zero

Explanation: Centrifugal force reduces weight.

Q79. At poles, apparent weight is:

(a) Equal to true weight ✅

(b) Less

(c) Greater

(d) Zero

Explanation: No centrifugal force.

Q80. At height h, g decreases as:

(a) 1/(1+h/R)² ✅

(b) 1/(1+h/R)

(c) 1–h/R

(d) 1–2h/R

Explanation: Exact formula.

Q81. At depth d, g decreases as:

(a) 1–d/R ✅

(b) 1–2d/R

(c) 1–d²/R²

(d) 1–h/R

Explanation: Exact formula.

Q82. At centre of Earth, g is:

(a) Zero ✅

(b) Maximum

(c) Minimum

(d) Same

Explanation: g decreases linearly to zero.

Q83. At equator, g is less due to:

(a) Centrifugal force ✅

(b) Gravity

(c) Mass

(d) None

Explanation: Rotation effect.

Q84. At poles, g is more due to:

(a) No centrifugal force ✅

(b) More gravity

(c) Less mass

(d) None

Explanation: Rotation effect.

Q85. At equator, weight of body is:

(a) Minimum ✅

(b) Maximum

(c) Same

(d) Zero

Explanation: Centrifugal force reduces weight.

Q86. At poles, weight of body is:

(a) Maximum ✅

(b) Minimum

(c) Same

(d) Zero

Explanation: g is maximum at poles due to no centrifugal force.

Q87. At equator, weight of body is:

(a) Minimum ✅

(b) Maximum

(c) Same

(d) Zero

Explanation: Centrifugal force reduces apparent weight.

Q88. At equator, centrifugal force is:

(a) Maximum ✅

(b) Minimum

(c) Zero

(d) Same everywhere

Explanation: Rotation effect is strongest at equator.

Q89. At poles, centrifugal force is:

(a) Zero ✅

(b) Maximum

(c) Minimum

(d) Same

Explanation: Axis of rotation passes through poles.

Q90. At equator, apparent weight is:

(a) Less than true weight ✅

(b) Greater

(c) Same

(d) Zero

Explanation: Centrifugal force reduces effective g.

Q91. Orbital velocity of satellite near Earth’s surface is:

(a) 7.9 km/s ✅

(b) 11.2 km/s

(c) 5 km/s

(d) 9.8 km/s

Explanation: v = √(GM/R).

Q92. Escape velocity from Earth’s surface is:

(a) 11.2 km/s ✅

(b) 7.9 km/s

(c) 9.8 km/s

(d) 12 km/s

Explanation: v = √(2GM/R).

Q93. Orbital velocity is independent of:

(a) Mass of satellite ✅

(b) Radius of orbit

(c) Mass of Earth

(d) G

Explanation: Depends only on Earth and orbit radius.

Q94. Escape velocity is independent of:

(a) Mass of body ✅

(b) Radius of Earth

(c) Mass of Earth

(d) G

Explanation: v depends only on Earth’s parameters.

Q95. Time period of satellite near Earth’s surface:

(a) 84 minutes ✅

(b) 24 hours

(c) 12 hours

(d) 48 hours

Explanation: T = 2πR/v.

Q96. Geostationary satellite time period:

(a) 24 hours ✅

(b) 12 hours

(c) 48 hours

(d) 6 hours

Explanation: Matches Earth’s rotation.

Q97. Height of geostationary satellite above Earth:

(a) 36,000 km ✅

(b) 24,000 km

(c) 12,000 km

(d) 48,000 km

Explanation: Standard orbit altitude.

Q98. Orbital velocity decreases with:

(a) Increase in altitude ✅

(b) Decrease in altitude

(c) Mass of satellite

(d) None

Explanation: v ∝ 1/√r.

Q99. Escape velocity on Moon is:

(a) 2.3 km/s ✅

(b) 11.2 km/s

(c) 5 km/s

(d) 1 km/s

Explanation: Lower due to smaller mass and radius.

Q100. Escape velocity on Mars is:

(a) 5 km/s ✅

(b) 11.2 km/s

(c) 2.3 km/s

(d) 7.9 km/s

Explanation: Intermediate between Earth and Moon.

Q101. Orbital velocity of satellite at height h:

(a) √(GM/(R+h)) ✅

(b) √(GM/R)

(c) √(2GM/R)

(d) √(GMh)

Explanation: Derived from centripetal balance.

Q102. Escape velocity formula:

(a) √(2GM/R) ✅

(b) √(GM/R)

(c) √(GMh)

(d) √(2GMh)

Explanation: Derived from energy conservation.

Q103. Orbital velocity formula:

(a) √(GM/R) ✅

(b) √(2GM/R)

(c) √(GMh)

(d) √(2GMh)

Explanation: Derived from centripetal force.

Q104. Escape velocity is √2 times:

(a) Orbital velocity ✅

(b) Velocity of light

(c) g

(d) None

Explanation: vₑ = √2 vₒ.

Q105. Satellite in polar orbit time period:

(a) 90 minutes ✅

(b) 24 hours

(c) 12 hours

(d) 48 hours

Explanation: Near Earth orbit.

Q106. Geostationary satellite is used for:

(a) Communication ✅

(b) Weather

(c) Navigation

(d) Astronomy

Explanation: Fixed position relative to Earth.

Q107. Polar satellites are used for:

(a) Weather observation ✅

(b) Communication

(c) Astronomy

(d) None

Explanation: Cover entire Earth.

Q108. Escape velocity depends on:

(a) Mass and radius of planet ✅

(b) Mass of body

(c) Height

(d) None

Explanation: v ∝ √(M/R).

Q109. Orbital velocity depends on:

(a) Radius of orbit ✅

(b) Mass of satellite

(c) Shape

(d) None

Explanation: v ∝ 1/√r.

Q110. Escape velocity on Earth is:

(a) 11.2 km/s ✅

(b) 7.9 km/s

(c) 9.8 km/s

(d) 12 km/s

Explanation: Standard value.

Q111. Orbital velocity near Earth is:

(a) 7.9 km/s ✅

(b) 11.2 km/s

(c) 9.8 km/s

(d) 5 km/s

Explanation: Standard value.

Q112. Escape velocity on Jupiter is:

(a) 60 km/s ✅

(b) 11.2 km/s

(c) 20 km/s

(d) 30 km/s

Explanation: Very high due to mass.

Q113. Escape velocity on Mercury is:

(a) 4.3 km/s ✅

(b) 11.2 km/s

(c) 2.3 km/s

(d) 7.9 km/s

Explanation: Smaller planet.

Q114. Escape velocity on Venus is:

(a) 10.3 km/s ✅

(b) 11.2 km/s

(c) 7.9 km/s

(d) 5 km/s

Explanation: Slightly less than Earth.

Q115. Escape velocity on Saturn is:

(a) 36 km/s ✅

(b) 11.2 km/s

(c) 20 km/s

(d) 30 km/s

Explanation: Large planet.

Q116. Escape velocity on Uranus is:

(a) 21 km/s ✅

(b) 11.2 km/s

(c) 30 km/s

(d) 15 km/s

Explanation: Intermediate.

Q117. Escape velocity on Neptune is:

(a) 23 km/s ✅

(b) 11.2 km/s

(c) 30 km/s

(d) 15 km/s

Explanation: Large planet.

Q118. Escape velocity on Pluto is:

(a) 1.2 km/s ✅

(b) 11.2 km/s

(c) 2.3 km/s

(d) 5 km/s

Explanation: Very small planet.

Q119. Orbital velocity of satellite decreases with:

(a) Increase in altitude ✅

(b) Decrease in altitude

(c) Mass of satellite

(d) None

Explanation: v ∝ 1/√r.

Q120. Escape velocity is independent of:

(a) Mass of body ✅

(b) Radius of planet

(c) Mass of planet

(d) G

Explanation: Depends only on planet.

Q121. Orbital velocity is independent of:

(a) Mass of satellite ✅

(b) Radius of orbit

(c) Mass of planet

(d) G

Explanation: Depends only on planet and orbit.

Q122. Escape velocity is maximum for:

(a) Jupiter ✅

(b) Earth

(c) Moon

(d) Mars

Explanation: Largest planet.

Q123. Escape velocity is minimum for:

(a) Pluto ✅

(b) Moon

(c) Mars

(d) Mercury

Explanation: Smallest planet.

Q124. Orbital velocity is maximum for:

(a) Satellite near Earth ✅

(b) Satellite far from Earth

(c) Geostationary satellite

(d) None

Explanation: v ∝ 1/√r.

Q125. Orbital velocity is minimum for:

(a) Geostationary satellite ✅

(b) Polar satellite

(c) Near Earth satellite

(d) None

Explanation: Higher altitude → lower velocity.

Q126. Escape velocity is related to orbital velocity by:

(a) vₑ = √2 vₒ ✅

(b) vₑ = vₒ

(c) vₑ = 2vₒ

(d) vₑ = vₒ/2

Explanation: Derived relation.

Q127. Orbital velocity of satellite at height h:

(a) √(GM/(R+h)) ✅

(b) √(GM/R)

(c) √(2GM/R)

(d) √(GMh)

Explanation: Formula.

Q128. Escape velocity formula:

(a) √(2GM/R) ✅

(b) √(GM/R)

(c) √(GMh)

(d) √(2GMh)

Explanation: Formula.

Q129. Orbital velocity formula:

(a) √(GM/R) ✅

(b) √(2GM/R)

(c) √(GMh)

(d) √(2GMh)

Explanation: Formula.

Q130. Escape velocity is √2 times orbital velocity:

(a) True ✅

(b) False

(c) Sometimes

(d) None

Explanation: vₑ = √2 vₒ.

Q131. Gravitational potential at Earth’s surface is:

(a) –GM/R ✅

(b) GM/R

(c) –GM/R²

(d) GM/R²

Explanation: Potential = –GM/R.

Q132. Gravitational potential is always:

(a) Negative ✅

(b) Positive

(c) Zero

(d) Depends on mass

Explanation: Work done to bring mass from infinity is negative.

Q133. Gravitational potential energy of mass m at Earth’s surface:

(a) –GMm/R ✅

(b) GMm/R

(c) –GMm/R²

(d) GMm/R²

Explanation: U = –GMm/R.

Q134. Gravitational field intensity at Earth’s surface is:

(a) GM/R² ✅

(b) GM/R

(c) –GM/R²

(d) –GM/R

Explanation: E = GM/R².

Q135. Gravitational field intensity is:

(a) Vector quantity ✅

(b) Scalar quantity

(c) Constant

(d) None

Explanation: Has magnitude and direction.

Q136. Gravitational potential is:

(a) Scalar quantity ✅

(b) Vector quantity

(c) Constant

(d) None

Explanation: Only magnitude.

Q137. Gravitational potential energy is:

(a) Negative ✅

(b) Positive

(c) Zero

(d) Depends on mass

Explanation: Work done against gravity is negative.

Q138. Gravitational potential at infinity is:

(a) Zero ✅

(b) Infinite

(c) Negative

(d) Positive

Explanation: Reference point.

Q139. Gravitational field intensity is defined as:

(a) Force per unit mass ✅

(b) Force per unit charge

(c) Work per unit charge

(d) None

Explanation: E = F/m.

Q140. Gravitational potential is defined as:

(a) Work done per unit mass ✅

(b) Work done per unit charge

(c) Force per unit mass

(d) None

Explanation: V = W/m.

Q141. Gravitational potential energy of system of two masses:

(a) –Gm₁m₂/r ✅

(b) Gm₁m₂/r

(c) –Gm₁m₂/r²

(d) Gm₁m₂/r²

Explanation: U = –Gm₁m₂/r.

Q142. Gravitational potential energy is:

(a) Path independent ✅

(b) Path dependent

(c) Constant

(d) None

Explanation: Conservative force.

Q143. Gravitational field intensity is:

(a) Conservative ✅

(b) Non-conservative

(c) Dissipative

(d) None

Explanation: Work done is path independent.

Q144. Gravitational potential energy is maximum at:

(a) Infinity ✅

(b) Earth’s surface

(c) Centre

(d) None

Explanation: U = 0 at infinity.

Q145. Gravitational potential energy is minimum at:

(a) Earth’s surface ✅

(b) Infinity

(c) Centre

(d) None

Explanation: Negative maximum.

Q146. Gravitational potential at centre of Earth is:

(a) –3GM/2R ✅

(b) –GM/R

(c) –GM/2R

(d) Zero

Explanation: Derived from integration.

Q147. Gravitational potential energy at centre of Earth is:

(a) –3GMm/2R ✅

(b) –GMm/R

(c) –GMm/2R

(d) Zero

Explanation: Derived from integration.

Q148. Gravitational field intensity inside Earth varies:

(a) Linearly with distance from centre ✅

(b) Constant

(c) Inversely

(d) None

Explanation: E ∝ r.

Q149. Gravitational potential inside Earth varies:

(a) Quadratically with distance ✅

(b) Linearly

(c) Constant

(d) None

Explanation: Derived relation.

Q150. Gravitational potential energy of system of n masses:

(a) –Σ(Gmᵢmⱼ/rᵢⱼ) ✅

(b) Σ(Gmᵢmⱼ/rᵢⱼ)

(c) –Σ(Gmᵢmⱼ/rᵢⱼ²)

(d) None

Explanation: Summation over pairs.

Q151. Gravitational field intensity at infinity is:

(a) Zero ✅

(b) Infinite

(c) Negative

(d) Positive

Explanation: Force vanishes at infinity.

Q152. Gravitational potential at infinity is:

(a) Zero ✅

(b) Infinite

(c) Negative

(d) Positive

Explanation: Reference point.

Q153. Gravitational potential energy at infinity is:

(a) Zero ✅

(b) Infinite

(c) Negative

(d) Positive

Explanation: Reference point.

Q154. Gravitational potential energy is:

(a) Negative quantity ✅

(b) Positive

(c) Zero

(d) None

Explanation: Work done against gravity.

Q155. Gravitational field intensity is:

(a) Force per unit mass ✅

(b) Work per unit charge

(c) Force per unit charge

(d) None

Explanation: Definition.

Q156. Gravitational potential is:

(a) Work done per unit mass ✅

(b) Work per unit charge

(c) Force per unit mass

(d) None

Explanation: Definition.

Q157. Gravitational potential energy is:

(a) Work done to bring mass from infinity ✅

(b) Work done to move charge

(c) Work done to move electron

(d) None

Explanation: Definition.

Q158. Gravitational potential is:

(a) Scalar quantity ✅

(b) Vector quantity

(c) Constant

(d) None

Explanation: Only magnitude.

Q159. Gravitational field intensity is:

(a) Vector quantity ✅

(b) Scalar quantity

(c) Constant

(d) None

Explanation: Has direction.

Q160. Gravitational potential energy is:

(a) Conservative ✅

(b) Non-conservative

(c) Dissipative

(d) None

Explanation: Path independent.

Q161. Assertion (A): Gravitational force is always attractive.

Reason (R): Mass is always positive.

(a) Both A and R true, R explains A ✅

(b) Both true, R does not explain A

(c) A true, R false

(d) Both false

Q162. Assertion (A): Value of g decreases with altitude.

Reason (R): Distance from Earth’s centre increases.

(a) Both A and R true, R explains A ✅

(b) Both true, R does not explain A

(c) A true, R false

(d) Both false

Q163. A body weighs 98 N on Earth. Its mass is:

(a) 10 kg ✅

(b) 9.8 kg

(c) 98 kg

(d) 100 kg

Explanation: m = W/g = 98/9.8.

Q164. A body of mass 60 kg weighs how much on Moon?

(a) 100 N ✅

(b) 600 N

(c) 60 N

(d) 10 N

Explanation: gMoon ≈ 1/6 gEarth.

Q165. A body of mass 50 kg weighs how much at Earth’s surface?

(a) 490 N ✅

(b) 50 N

(c) 98 N

(d) 100 N

Explanation: W = mg.

Q166. A body of mass 10 kg weighs how much at height equal to Earth’s radius?

(a) 24.5 N ✅

(b) 49 N

(c) 98 N

(d) 0 N

Explanation: g’ = g/4.

Q167. A body of mass 20 kg weighs how much at depth R/2?

(a) 98 N ✅

(b) 196 N

(c) 49 N

(d) 0 N

Explanation: g’ = g/2.

Q168. A body of mass 5 kg weighs how much at centre of Earth?

(a) 0 N ✅

(b) 49 N

(c) 98 N

(d) 10 N

Explanation: g = 0 at centre.

Q169. A body of mass 2 kg weighs how much at poles?

(a) 19.6 N ✅

(b) 20 N

(c) 18 N

(d) 0 N

Explanation: g = 9.8 m/s².

Q170. A body of mass 2 kg weighs how much at equator?

(a) Slightly less than 19.6 N ✅

(b) 19.6 N

(c) 20 N

(d) 0 N

Explanation: Centrifugal force reduces weight.

Q171. A body of mass 1 kg weighs how much on Moon?

(a) 1.6 N ✅

(b) 9.8 N

(c) 10 N

(d) 0 N

Explanation: gMoon ≈ 1.6 m/s².

Q172. Escape velocity on Earth is:

(a) 11.2 km/s ✅

(b) 7.9 km/s

(c) 9.8 km/s

(d) 12 km/s

Q173. Orbital velocity near Earth is:

(a) 7.9 km/s ✅

(b) 11.2 km/s

(c) 9.8 km/s

(d) 5 km/s

Q174. Escape velocity on Moon is:

(a) 2.3 km/s ✅

(b) 11.2 km/s

(c) 7.9 km/s

(d) 5 km/s

Q175. Escape velocity on Mars is:

(a) 5 km/s ✅

(b) 11.2 km/s

(c) 2.3 km/s

(d) 7.9 km/s

Q176. Orbital velocity of satellite at height h:

(a) √(GM/(R+h)) ✅

(b) √(GM/R)

(c) √(2GM/R)

(d) √(GMh)

Q177. Escape velocity formula:

(a) √(2GM/R) ✅

(b) √(GM/R)

(c) √(GMh)

(d) √(2GMh)

Q178. Orbital velocity formula:

(a) √(GM/R) ✅

(b) √(2GM/R)

(c) √(GMh)

(d) √(2GMh)

Q179. Escape velocity is √2 times orbital velocity:

(a) True ✅

(b) False

(c) Sometimes

(d) None

Q180. Assertion (A): Geostationary satellites are used for communication.

Reason (R): They remain fixed relative to Earth.

(a) Both A and R true, R explains A ✅

(b) Both true, R does not explain A

(c) A true, R false

(d) Both false

Q181. Assertion (A): Polar satellites are used for weather observation.

Reason (R): They cover entire Earth.

(a) Both A and R true, R explains A ✅

(b) Both true, R does not explain A

(c) A true, R false

(d) Both false

Q182. A body of mass 100 kg weighs how much at depth R/4?

(a) 735 N ✅

(b) 980 N

(c) 490 N

(d) 0 N

Explanation: g’ = g(1–d/R).

Q183. A body of mass 50 kg weighs how much at height R?

(a) 122.5 N ✅

(b) 245 N

(c) 490 N

(d) 0 N

Explanation: g’ = g/4.

Q184. A body of mass 40 kg weighs how much at depth R/2?

(a) 196 N ✅

(b) 392 N

(c) 490 N

(d) 0 N

Explanation: g’ = g/2.

Q185. A body of mass 10 kg weighs how much at equator?

(a) Slightly less than 98 N ✅

(b) 98 N

(c) 100 N

(d) 0 N

Explanation: Centrifugal force reduces weight.

Q186. Assertion (A): Weightlessness occurs in free fall.

Reason (R): Apparent weight becomes zero.

(a) Both A and R true, R explains A ✅

(b) Both true, R does not explain A

(c) A true, R false

(d) Both false

Q187. Assertion (A): g decreases with depth.

Reason (R): Effective mass of Earth decreases.

(a) Both A and R true, R explains A ✅

(b) Both true, R does not explain A

(c) A true, R false

(d) Both false

Q188. Assertion (A): g decreases with altitude.

Reason (R): Distance from Earth’s centre increases.

(a) Both A and R true, R explains A ✅

(b) Both true, R does not explain A

(c) A true, R false

(d) Both false

Q189. Assertion (A): g is maximum at poles.

Reason (R): Centrifugal force is zero at poles.

(a) Both A and R true, R explains A ✅

(b) Both true, R does not explain A

(c) A true, R false

(d) Both false

Q190. Assertion (A): g is minimum at equator.

Reason (R): Centrifugal force is maximum at equator.

(a) Both A and R true, R explains A ✅

(b) Both true, R does not explain A

(c) A true, R false

(d) Both false

Q191. A body of mass 5 kg weighs how much at poles?

(a) 49 N ✅

(b) 50 N

(c) 48 N

(d) 0 N

Q192. A body of mass 5 kg weighs how much at equator?

(a) Slightly less than 49 N ✅

(b) 49 N

(c) 50 N

(d) 0 N

Q193. Escape velocity on Earth is:

(a) 11.2 km/s ✅

(b) 7.9 km/s

(c) 9.8 km/s

(d) 12 km/s

Q194. Orbital velocity near Earth is:

(a) 7.9 km/s ✅

(b) 11.2 km/s

(c) 9.8 km/s

(d) 5 km/s

Q195. Escape velocity on Moon is:

(a) 2.3 km/s ✅

(b) 11.2 km/s

(c) 7.9 km/s

(d) 5 km/s

Q196. Escape velocity on Mars is:

(a) 5 km/s ✅

(b) 11.2 km/s

(c) 2.3 km/s

(d) 7.9 km/s

Q197. Orbital velocity of satellite at height h:

(a) √(GM/(R+h)) ✅

(b) √(GM/R)

(c) √(2GM/R)

(d) √(GMh)

Q198. Escape velocity formula:

(a) √(2GM/R) ✅

(b) √(GM/R)

(c) √(GMh)

(d) √(2GMh)

Q199. Orbital velocity formula is:

(a) √(GM/R) ✅

(b) √(2GM/R)

(c) √(GMh)

(d) √(2GMh)

Explanation: Derived from centripetal force balance.

Q200. Escape velocity is related to orbital velocity by:

(a) vₑ = √2 vₒ ✅

(b) vₑ = vₒ

(c) vₑ = 2vₒ

(d) vₑ = vₒ/2

Explanation: From energy conservation, escape velocity is √2 times orbital velocity.

Q201. Assertion (A): Escape velocity is independent of mass of body.

Reason (R): Gravitational force and required kinetic energy both scale with mass.

(a) Both A and R true, R explains A ✅

(b) Both true, R does not explain A

(c) A true, R false

(d) Both false

Q202. A satellite is shifted from low Earth orbit (500 km) to geostationary orbit (36,000 km). The energy required is mainly due to:

(a) Increase in potential energy ✅

(b) Increase in kinetic energy

(c) Decrease in potential energy

(d) None

Q203. Which graph correctly shows variation of g with depth inside Earth?

(a) Linear decrease to zero at centre ✅

(b) Constant

(c) Inverse square

(d) Exponential

Q204. Which graph correctly shows variation of g with altitude?

(a) Inverse square decrease ✅

(b) Linear decrease

(c) Constant

(d) Exponential

Q205. Orbital velocity of satellite at altitude h is derived by equating:

(a) Centripetal force and gravitational force ✅

(b) Kinetic energy and potential energy

(c) Work and power

(d) None

Q206. Escape velocity is derived by equating:

(a) Kinetic energy and gravitational potential energy ✅

(b) Centripetal force and gravitational force

(c) Work and power

(d) None

Q207. A satellite in polar orbit covers:

(a) Entire Earth surface ✅

(b) Only equator

(c) Only poles

(d) None

Q208. Assertion (A): Geostationary satellites are placed above equator.

Reason (R): They must match Earth’s rotation without inclination.

(a) Both A and R true, R explains A ✅

(b) Both true, R does not explain A

(c) A true, R false

(d) Both false

Q209. A satellite in geostationary orbit has angular velocity equal to:

(a) Earth’s angular velocity ✅

(b) Twice Earth’s angular velocity

(c) Half Earth’s angular velocity

(d) None

Q210. Orbital velocity decreases with altitude because:

(a) Centripetal force requirement decreases ✅

(b) Mass of satellite decreases

(c) G decreases

(d) None

Q211. Escape velocity on Earth is 11.2 km/s. On a planet with twice Earth’s radius and same mass, escape velocity will be:

(a) Less than Earth ✅

(b) Greater

(c) Same

(d) Infinite

Explanation: v ∝ √(M/R).

Q212. Assertion (A): Gravitational potential is negative.

Reason (R): Work is required to bring mass from infinity.

(a) Both A and R true, R explains A ✅

(b) Both true, R does not explain A

(c) A true, R false

(d) Both false

Q213. Gravitational field intensity inside Earth varies as:

(a) Directly proportional to distance from centre ✅

(b) Inversely proportional

(c) Constant

(d) None

Q214. Gravitational potential inside Earth varies as:

(a) Quadratic with distance ✅

(b) Linear

(c) Constant

(d) None

Q215. Assertion (A): Weightlessness occurs in orbit.

Reason (R): Satellite and astronaut both fall with same acceleration.

(a) Both A and R true, R explains A ✅

(b) Both true, R does not explain A

(c) A true, R false

(d) Both false

Q216. A satellite in orbit has total energy:

(a) Negative ✅

(b) Positive

(c) Zero

(d) Infinite

Explanation: Bound system energy is negative.

Q217. Total energy of satellite in orbit is:

(a) –GMm/2r ✅

(b) –GMm/r

(c) GMm/r

(d) None

Explanation: E = K + U.

Q218. Kinetic energy of satellite in orbit is:

(a) +GMm/2r ✅

(b) –GMm/2r

(c) GMm/r

(d) None

Explanation: K = –U/2.

Q219. Potential energy of satellite in orbit is:

(a) –GMm/r ✅

(b) –GMm/2r

(c) GMm/r

(d) None

Explanation: U = –GMm/r.

Q220. Ratio of kinetic energy to potential energy of satellite in orbit is:

(a) –1/2 ✅

(b) –1

(c) +1/2

(d) +1

Explanation: K = –U/2.

Q221. Assertion (A): Orbital velocity does not depend on mass of satellite.

Reason (R): Gravitational force and centripetal force both scale with mass.

(a) Both A and R true, R explains A ✅

(b) Both true, R does not explain A

(c) A true, R false

(d) Both false

Q222. A satellite in orbit has total energy:

(a) Negative ✅

(b) Positive

(c) Zero

(d) Infinite

Explanation: Bound systems always have negative total energy.

Q223. Total energy of satellite in orbit is:

(a) –GMm/2r ✅

(b) –GMm/r

(c) GMm/r

(d) None

Explanation: E = K + U, with K = +GMm/2r and U = –GMm/r.

Q224. Kinetic energy of satellite in orbit is:

(a) +GMm/2r ✅

(b) –GMm/2r

(c) GMm/r

(d) None

Explanation: K = –U/2.

Q225. Potential energy of satellite in orbit is:

(a) –GMm/r ✅

(b) –GMm/2r

(c) GMm/r

(d) None

Explanation: U = –GMm/r.

Q226. Ratio of kinetic energy to potential energy of satellite in orbit is:

(a) –1/2 ✅

(b) –1

(c) +1/2

(d) +1

Explanation: K = –U/2.

Q227. Assertion (A): Geostationary satellites appear fixed in sky.

Reason (R): Their time period equals Earth’s rotation period.

(a) Both A and R true, R explains A ✅

(b) Both true, R does not explain A

(c) A true, R false

(d) Both false

Q228. Height of geostationary satellite above Earth’s surface is about:

(a) 36,000 km ✅

(b) 24,000 km

(c) 12,000 km

(d) 48,000 km

Explanation: Standard orbit altitude.

Q229. Polar satellites are mainly used for:

(a) Weather observation ✅

(b) Communication

(c) Astronomy

(d) None

Explanation: They scan entire Earth surface.

Q230. Assertion (A): Escape velocity is √2 times orbital velocity.

Reason (R): Escape velocity is derived from energy conservation.

(a) Both A and R true, R explains A ✅

(b) Both true, R does not explain A

(c) A true, R false

(d) Both false

Q231. Orbital velocity near Earth is about:

(a) 7.9 km/s ✅

(b) 11.2 km/s

(c) 9.8 km/s

(d) 5 km/s

Explanation: Standard value for low Earth orbit.

Q232. Escape velocity from Earth’s surface is about:

(a) 11.2 km/s ✅

(b) 7.9 km/s

(c) 9.8 km/s

(d) 12 km/s

Explanation: Derived from v = √(2GM/R).

Q233. Assertion (A): Gravitational potential is scalar.

Reason (R): It has magnitude only, no direction.

(a) Both A and R true, R explains A ✅

(b) Both true, R does not explain A

(c) A true, R false

(d) Both false

Q234. Assertion (A): Gravitational field intensity is vector.

Reason (R): It has both magnitude and direction.

(a) Both A and R true, R explains A ✅

(b) Both true, R does not explain A

(c) A true, R false

(d) Both false

Q235. Gravitational potential energy at infinity is:

(a) Zero ✅

(b) Positive

(c) Negative

(d) Infinite

Explanation: Infinity is taken as reference point.

Q236. Gravitational potential at Earth’s surface is:

(a) –GM/R ✅

(b) GM/R

(c) –GM/R²

(d) GM/R²

Explanation: Potential = –GM/R.

Q237. Assertion (A): g decreases with altitude.

Reason (R): Distance from Earth’s centre increases.

(a) Both A and R true, R explains A ✅

(b) Both true, R does not explain A

(c) A true, R false

(d) Both false

Q238. Assertion (A): g decreases with depth.

Reason (R): Effective mass of Earth decreases.

(a) Both A and R true, R explains A ✅

(b) Both true, R does not explain A

(c) A true, R false

(d) Both false

Q239. At centre of Earth, value of g is:

(a) Zero ✅

(b) Maximum

(c) Minimum

(d) Same

Explanation: g decreases linearly to zero at centre.

Q240. At poles, value of g is:

(a) Maximum ✅

(b) Minimum

(c) Zero

(d) Same

Explanation: No centrifugal force at poles.

Q241. At equator, value of g is:

(a) Minimum ✅

(b) Maximum

(c) Zero

(d) Same

Explanation: Centrifugal force reduces g.

Q242. Assertion (A): Weightlessness occurs in free fall.

Reason (R): Apparent weight becomes zero.

(a) Both A and R true, R explains A ✅

(b) Both true, R does not explain A

(c) A true, R false

(d) Both false

Q243. A body of mass 10 kg weighs how much at Earth’s surface?

(a) 98 N ✅

(b) 10 N

(c) 980 N

(d) 100 N

Explanation: W = mg = 10 × 9.8.

Q244. A body of mass 10 kg weighs how much on Moon?

(a) 16 N ✅

(b) 98 N

(c) 100 N

(d) 0 N

Explanation: gMoon ≈ 1/6 gEarth.

Q245. Escape velocity on Moon is:

(a) 2.3 km/s ✅

(b) 11.2 km/s

(c) 7.9 km/s

(d) 5 km/s

Explanation: Lower due to smaller mass and radius.

Q246. Escape velocity on Mars is:

(a) 5 km/s ✅

(b) 11.2 km/s

(c) 2.3 km/s

(d) 7.9 km/s

Explanation: Intermediate between Earth and Moon.

Q247. Assertion (A): Gravitational force is central.

Reason (R): It acts along line joining two masses.

(a) Both A and R true, R explains A ✅

(b) Both true, R does not explain A

(c) A true, R false

(d) Both false

Q248. Assertion (A): Gravitational force is conservative.

Reason (R): Work done is path independent.

(a) Both A and R true, R explains A ✅

(b) Both true, R does not explain A

(c) A true, R false

(d) Both false

Q249. Gravitational force is responsible for:

(a) Planetary motion ✅

(b) Electric current

(c) Magnetism

(d) Nuclear fusion

Explanation: Gravity keeps planets in orbit.

Q250. Gravitational force is responsible for:

(a) Tides ✅

(b) Magnetism

(c) Electricity

(d) Nuclear force

Explanation: Moon’s gravity causes ocean tides.