Fundamental Duties
Explore 200 MCQs on Fundamental Duties of the Indian Constitution. Covers origin, Article 51A, amendments, case laws, practical applications, and exam relevance.
✅ A) Part IV-A
B) Part III
C) Part IV
D) Part V
Explanation: Duties are in Part IV-A, Article 51A.
Q2. Fundamental Duties were added by:
✅ A) 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976
B) 44th Amendment Act, 1978
C) 86th Amendment Act, 2002
D) 93rd Amendment Act, 2005
Explanation: Added by 42nd Amendment.
Q3. Fundamental Duties are contained in:
✅ A) Article 51A
B) Article 32
C) Article 21
D) Article 19
Explanation: Duties are in Article 51A.
Q4. Number of Fundamental Duties originally inserted:
✅ A) 10
B) 11
C) 12
D) 9
Explanation: 10 duties were inserted in 1976.
Q5. Present number of Fundamental Duties:
✅ A) 11
B) 10
C) 12
D) 9
Explanation: 11 duties after 86th Amendment (2002).
Q6. The 11th Fundamental Duty relates to:
✅ A) Parents/guardians providing education to children (6–14 years)
B) Respecting national flag
C) Protecting environment
D) Safeguarding public property
Explanation: Inserted by 86th Amendment.
Q7. Fundamental Duties are inspired by:
✅ A) USSR Constitution
B) USA Constitution
C) UK Constitution
D) French Constitution
Explanation: Inspired by USSR Constitution.
Q8. Fundamental Duties are:
✅ A) Non-justiciable
B) Justiciable
C) Enforceable by courts
D) Enforceable by Parliament
Explanation: Duties are non-justiciable.
Q9. Fundamental Duties were recommended by:
✅ A) Swaran Singh Committee
B) Ranganath Mishra Committee
C) Sarkaria Commission
D) Punchhi Commission
Explanation: Swaran Singh Committee recommended duties.
Q10. Fundamental Duties were added during:
✅ A) Emergency period (1975–77)
B) Independence
C) 44th Amendment
D) 86th Amendment
Explanation: Added during Emergency.
Q11. Fundamental Duties aim to:
✅ A) Promote civic responsibility and discipline
B) Provide Fundamental Rights
C) Provide Directive Principles
D) Provide property rights
Explanation: Duties promote civic responsibility.
Q12. Fundamental Duties are applicable to:
✅ A) Citizens only
B) All persons
C) Foreigners only
D) Refugees only
Explanation: Duties apply only to citizens.
Q13. Fundamental Duties are enforceable through:
✅ A) Moral obligation, not legal sanction
B) Courts directly
C) Parliament directly
D) President directly
Explanation: Duties are moral obligations.
Q14. Fundamental Duties were criticized because:
✅ A) They are non-justiciable
B) They are too many
C) They are absolute
D) They are enforceable
Explanation: Criticism for being non-justiciable.
Q15. Fundamental Duties were praised because:
✅ A) They promote discipline and civic sense
B) They are enforceable
C) They are absolute
D) They are justiciable
Explanation: Praised for promoting discipline.
Q16. Fundamental Duties are located in:
✅ A) Part IV-A, Article 51A
B) Part III, Article 32
C) Part IV, Article 37
D) Part V, Article 79
Explanation: Located in Part IV-A.
Q17. Fundamental Duties were added to balance:
✅ A) Rights with responsibilities
B) DPSPs with FRs
C) Parliament with Judiciary
D) President with Governors
Explanation: Duties balance rights with responsibilities.
Q18. Fundamental Duties were first recommended in:
✅ A) Swaran Singh Committee Report (1976)
B) Constituent Assembly Debates
C) Sarkaria Commission Report
D) Punchhi Commission Report
Explanation: Recommended by Swaran Singh Committee.
Q19. Fundamental Duties are similar to:
✅ A) Directive Principles (non-justiciable)
B) Fundamental Rights (justiciable)
C) Legal rights
D) Property rights
Explanation: Similar to DPSPs in non-justiciability.
Q20. Fundamental Duties were added to strengthen:
✅ A) Indian democracy during crisis
B) Property rights
C) Judicial review
D) Presidential powers
Explanation: Added to strengthen democracy.
Q21. Fundamental Duties are criticized as:
✅ A) Too vague and moralistic
B) Too specific
C) Too enforceable
D) Too absolute
Explanation: Criticized for vagueness.
Q22. Fundamental Duties are considered:
✅ A) Moral obligations of citizens
B) Legal obligations
C) Absolute rights
D) Judicial directives
Explanation: Duties are moral obligations.
Q23. Fundamental Duties are enforceable indirectly through:
✅ A) Laws enacted by Parliament
B) Supreme Court directly
C) President directly
D) Governors directly
Explanation: Indirect enforcement through laws.
Q24. Fundamental Duties were added in Constitution’s:
✅ A) Part IV-A
B) Part III
C) Part IV
D) Part V
Explanation: Added in Part IV-A.
Q25. Fundamental Duties reflect:
✅ A) Civic nationalism and responsibility
B) Judicial supremacy
C) Parliamentary supremacy
D) Presidential supremacy
Explanation: Duties reflect civic responsibility.
Q26. Article 51A(a) requires citizens to:
✅ A) Abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals
B) Protect environment
C) Safeguard public property
D) Provide education to children
Explanation: Duty (a) is to respect Constitution and institutions.
Q27. Article 51A(b) requires citizens to:
✅ A) Cherish noble ideals of freedom struggle
B) Respect national flag
C) Protect environment
D) Safeguard public property
Explanation: Duty (b) cherishes freedom struggle ideals.
Q28. Article 51A(c) requires citizens to:
✅ A) Uphold sovereignty, unity, integrity of India
B) Protect environment
C) Safeguard public property
D) Provide education to children
Explanation: Duty (c) upholds sovereignty and unity.
Q29. Article 51A(d) requires citizens to:
✅ A) Defend country and render national service
B) Respect national flag
C) Protect environment
D) Safeguard public property
Explanation: Duty (d) is to defend the nation.
Q30. Article 51A(e) requires citizens to:
✅ A) Promote harmony and brotherhood beyond religion, language, region
B) Respect national flag
C) Protect environment
D) Safeguard public property
Explanation: Duty (e) promotes harmony.
Q31. Article 51A(f) requires citizens to:
✅ A) Value and preserve rich heritage of culture
B) Respect national flag
C) Protect environment
D) Safeguard public property
Explanation: Duty (f) preserves cultural heritage.
Q32. Article 51A(g) requires citizens to:
✅ A) Protect and improve natural environment
B) Respect national flag
C) Safeguard public property
D) Provide education to children
Explanation: Duty (g) protects environment.
Q33. Article 51A(h) requires citizens to:
✅ A) Develop scientific temper, humanism, spirit of inquiry
B) Respect national flag
C) Safeguard public property
D) Provide education to children
Explanation: Duty (h) promotes scientific temper.
Q34. Article 51A(i) requires citizens to:
✅ A) Safeguard public property and abjure violence
B) Respect national flag
C) Protect environment
D) Provide education to children
Explanation: Duty (i) safeguards public property.
Q35. Article 51A(j) requires citizens to:
✅ A) Strive for excellence in all spheres
B) Respect national flag
C) Protect environment
D) Safeguard public property
Explanation: Duty (j) strives for excellence.
Q36. Article 51A(k) requires citizens to:
✅ A) Provide education to children (6–14 years)
B) Respect national flag
C) Protect environment
D) Safeguard public property
Explanation: Duty (k) added by 86th Amendment.
Q37. Duty to respect national flag and anthem is covered under:
✅ A) Article 51A(a)
B) Article 51A(b)
C) Article 51A(c)
D) Article 51A(d)
Explanation: Respect for Constitution, flag, anthem under 51A(a).
Q38. Duty to cherish freedom struggle ideals is:
✅ A) Article 51A(b)
B) Article 51A(c)
C) Article 51A(d)
D) Article 51A(e)
Explanation: Covered under 51A(b).
Q39. Duty to uphold sovereignty and unity is:
✅ A) Article 51A(c)
B) Article 51A(d)
C) Article 51A(e)
D) Article 51A(f)
Explanation: Covered under 51A(c).
Q40. Duty to defend country is:
✅ A) Article 51A(d)
B) Article 51A(e)
C) Article 51A(f)
D) Article 51A(g)
Explanation: Covered under 51A(d).
Q41. Duty to promote harmony is:
✅ A) Article 51A(e)
B) Article 51A(f)
C) Article 51A(g)
D) Article 51A(h)
Explanation: Covered under 51A(e).
Q42. Duty to preserve heritage is:
✅ A) Article 51A(f)
B) Article 51A(g)
C) Article 51A(h)
D) Article 51A(i)
Explanation: Covered under 51A(f).
Q43. Duty to protect environment is:
✅ A) Article 51A(g)
B) Article 51A(h)
C) Article 51A(i)
D) Article 51A(j)
Explanation: Covered under 51A(g).
Q44. Duty to develop scientific temper is:
✅ A) Article 51A(h)
B) Article 51A(i)
C) Article 51A(j)
D) Article 51A(k)
Explanation: Covered under 51A(h).
Q45. Duty to safeguard public property is:
✅ A) Article 51A(i)
B) Article 51A(j)
C) Article 51A(k)
D) Article 51A(f)
Explanation: Covered under 51A(i).
Q46. Duty to strive for excellence is:
✅ A) Article 51A(j)
B) Article 51A(k)
C) Article 51A(f)
D) Article 51A(g)
Explanation: Covered under 51A(j).
Q47. Duty to provide education to children is:
✅ A) Article 51A(k)
B) Article 51A(j)
C) Article 51A(f)
D) Article 51A(g)
Explanation: Covered under 51A(k).
Q48. The 11th duty was added by:
✅ A) 86th Amendment Act, 2002
B) 42nd Amendment Act, 1976
C) 44th Amendment Act, 1978
D) 93rd Amendment Act, 2005
Explanation: Added by 86th Amendment.
Q49. Duty to respect Constitution includes:
✅ A) Respecting national flag and anthem
B) Respecting only judiciary
C) Respecting only Parliament
D) Respecting only President
Explanation: Includes flag and anthem.
Q50. Duty to defend country implies:
✅ A) Rendering national service when required
B) Only military service
C) Only police service
D) Only judicial service
Explanation: Includes national service.
Q51. Duty to promote harmony implies:
✅ A) Renouncing practices derogatory to women
B) Promoting casteism
C) Promoting violence
D) Promoting discrimination
Explanation: Includes renouncing practices derogatory to women.
Q52. Duty to preserve heritage implies:
✅ A) Protecting monuments, art, culture
B) Protecting only forests
C) Protecting only rivers
D) Protecting only wildlife
Explanation: Includes monuments and culture.
Q53. Duty to protect environment implies:
✅ A) Protecting forests, lakes, rivers, wildlife
B) Protecting only monuments
C) Protecting only heritage
D) Protecting only property
Explanation: Includes natural environment.
Q54. Duty to develop scientific temper implies:
✅ A) Promoting rational thinking, inquiry, humanism
B) Promoting superstition
C) Promoting blind faith
D) Promoting violence
Explanation: Encourages rationality.
Q55. Duty to safeguard public property implies:
✅ A) Avoiding damage to public assets
B) Damaging public assets
C) Misusing public assets
D) Ignoring public assets
Explanation: Protects public property.
Q56. Duty to strive for excellence implies:
✅ A) Achieving higher standards in individual and collective activity
B) Achieving mediocrity
C) Achieving only wealth
D) Achieving only power
Explanation: Strive for excellence.
Q57. Duty to provide education implies:
✅ A) Parents/guardians ensuring children (6–14 years) receive education
B) Government ensuring education only
C) Teachers ensuring education only
D) Judiciary ensuring education only
Explanation: Duty of parents/guardians.
Q58. Fundamental Duties are:
✅ A) Moral obligations of citizens
B) Legal rights of citizens
C) Fundamental Rights of citizens
D) Directive Principles
Explanation: Duties are moral obligations.
Q59. Fundamental Duties are criticized as:
✅ A) Vague and moralistic
B) Clear and enforceable
C) Absolute and justiciable
D) Judicially binding
Explanation: Criticized for vagueness.
Q60. Fundamental Duties are praised as:
✅ A) Promoting discipline and civic responsibility
B) Promoting only rights
C) Promoting only property
D) Promoting only wealth
Explanation: Praised for discipline.
Q61. Fundamental Duties are enforceable indirectly through:
✅ A) Parliamentary laws (e.g., Environment Protection Act)
B) Judiciary directly
C) President directly
D) Governors directly
Explanation: Enforced indirectly via laws.
Q62. Fundamental Duties are directly linked to:
✅ A) National integration and civic responsibility
B) Judicial review
C) Parliamentary supremacy
D) Presidential powers
Explanation: Duties strengthen unity and civic responsibility.
Q63. Duty to respect Constitution includes:
✅ A) Respecting national institutions, flag, and anthem
B) Respecting only judiciary
C) Respecting only Parliament
D) Respecting only President
Explanation: Duty (a) covers Constitution, institutions, flag, anthem.
Q64. Duty to cherish freedom struggle ideals implies:
✅ A) Remembering sacrifices and promoting democratic values
B) Promoting monarchy
C) Promoting dictatorship
D) Promoting violence
Explanation: Duty (b) cherishes freedom struggle values.
Q65. Duty to uphold sovereignty and unity implies:
✅ A) Avoiding secessionist tendencies and protecting national integrity
B) Promoting separatism
C) Promoting regionalism
D) Promoting communalism
Explanation: Duty (c) upholds sovereignty and unity.
Q66. Duty to defend country implies:
✅ A) Rendering national service when required
B) Only military service
C) Only police service
D) Only judicial service
Explanation: Duty (d) includes national service.
Q67. Duty to promote harmony implies:
✅ A) Renouncing practices derogatory to women and promoting brotherhood
B) Promoting casteism
C) Promoting violence
D) Promoting discrimination
Explanation: Duty (e) promotes harmony and gender equality.
Q68. Duty to preserve heritage implies:
✅ A) Protecting monuments, art, and culture
B) Protecting only forests
C) Protecting only rivers
D) Protecting only wildlife
Explanation: Duty (f) preserves cultural heritage.
Q69. Duty to protect environment implies:
✅ A) Protecting forests, lakes, rivers, wildlife
B) Protecting only monuments
C) Protecting only heritage
D) Protecting only property
Explanation: Duty (g) protects environment.
Q70. Duty to develop scientific temper implies:
✅ A) Promoting rational thinking, inquiry, and humanism
B) Promoting superstition
C) Promoting blind faith
D) Promoting violence
Explanation: Duty (h) promotes rationality.
Q71. Duty to safeguard public property implies:
✅ A) Avoiding damage and misuse of public assets
B) Damaging public assets
C) Misusing public assets
D) Ignoring public assets
Explanation: Duty (i) safeguards public property.
Q72. Duty to strive for excellence implies:
✅ A) Achieving higher standards in individual and collective activity
B) Achieving mediocrity
C) Achieving only wealth
D) Achieving only power
Explanation: Duty (j) strives for excellence.
Q73. Duty to provide education to children implies:
✅ A) Parents/guardians ensuring children (6–14 years) receive education
B) Government ensuring education only
C) Teachers ensuring education only
D) Judiciary ensuring education only
Explanation: Duty (k) is responsibility of parents/guardians.
Q74. Fundamental Duties are enforceable indirectly through:
✅ A) Parliamentary laws (e.g., Environment Protection Act, Prevention of Damage to Public Property Act)
B) Judiciary directly
C) President directly
D) Governors directly
Explanation: Duties enforced indirectly via laws.
Q75. Fundamental Duties are criticized as:
✅ A) Vague and moralistic, lacking legal sanction
B) Clear and enforceable
C) Absolute and justiciable
D) Judicially binding
Explanation: Criticized for vagueness and non‑justiciability.
Q76. Fundamental Duties were first added by:
✅ A) 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976
B) 44th Amendment Act, 1978
C) 86th Amendment Act, 2002
D) 93rd Amendment Act, 2005
Explanation: 42nd Amendment inserted Part IV-A.
Q77. The 42nd Amendment inserted how many Fundamental Duties?
✅ A) 10
B) 11
C) 12
D) 9
Explanation: 10 duties were added in 1976.
Q78. The 86th Amendment Act, 2002 added which duty?
✅ A) Duty of parents to provide education to children (6–14 years)
B) Duty to protect environment
C) Duty to safeguard public property
D) Duty to respect Constitution
Explanation: Added 11th duty under Article 51A(k).
Q79. The 86th Amendment also inserted:
✅ A) Article 21A (Right to Education)
B) Article 32
C) Article 14
D) Article 19
Explanation: Inserted Article 21A.
Q80. Fundamental Duties were recommended by:
✅ A) Swaran Singh Committee (1976)
B) Ranganath Mishra Committee
C) Sarkaria Commission
D) Punchhi Commission
Explanation: Swaran Singh Committee recommended duties.
Q81. Swaran Singh Committee recommended how many duties?
✅ A) 8
B) 10
C) 11
D) 12
Explanation: Committee recommended 8 duties, Parliament added 10.
Q82. Which committee recommended making Duties enforceable?
✅ A) Swaran Singh Committee
B) Ranganath Mishra Committee
C) Sarkaria Commission
D) Punchhi Commission
Explanation: Swaran Singh suggested enforceability.
Q83. Ranganath Mishra Committee (1999) recommended:
✅ A) Making Duties legally enforceable
B) Removing Duties
C) Adding more Rights
D) Removing DPSPs
Explanation: Recommended enforceability.
Q84. The 42nd Amendment is also called:
✅ A) Mini Constitution
B) Magna Carta of India
C) Heart and Soul of Constitution
D) Basic Structure Amendment
Explanation: Called Mini Constitution.
Q85. The 42nd Amendment was passed during:
✅ A) Emergency (1975–77)
B) Independence
C) 44th Amendment
D) 86th Amendment
Explanation: Passed during Emergency.
Q86. The 86th Amendment was passed in:
✅ A) 2002
B) 1976
C) 1978
D) 1999
Explanation: Passed in 2002.
Q87. The 86th Amendment added which Fundamental Duty clause?
✅ A) Article 51A(k)
B) Article 51A(j)
C) Article 51A(h)
D) Article 51A(i)
Explanation: Added clause (k).
Q88. The 86th Amendment linked Fundamental Duty with:
✅ A) Right to Education (Article 21A)
B) Right to Property
C) Right to Vote
D) Right to Privacy
Explanation: Linked duty with education.
Q89. Fundamental Duties were debated in Constituent Assembly?
✅ A) No, added later in 1976
B) Yes, originally included
C) Yes, but rejected
D) Yes, but postponed
Explanation: Not debated in Assembly, added later.
Q90. Fundamental Duties are criticized because:
✅ A) Added during Emergency without wide debate
B) Added with consensus
C) Added with referendum
D) Added with judicial approval
Explanation: Criticized for Emergency context.
Q91. Fundamental Duties are praised because:
✅ A) They balance rights with responsibilities
B) They remove rights
C) They remove DPSPs
D) They remove judiciary
Explanation: Duties balance rights and responsibilities.
Q92. Fundamental Duties were expanded by:
✅ A) 86th Amendment Act, 2002
B) 42nd Amendment Act, 1976
C) 44th Amendment Act, 1978
D) 93rd Amendment Act, 2005
Explanation: Expanded by 86th Amendment.
Q93. Fundamental Duties are located in:
✅ A) Part IV-A, Article 51A
B) Part III, Article 32
C) Part IV, Article 37
D) Part V, Article 79
Explanation: Located in Part IV-A.
Q94. Fundamental Duties are linked with:
✅ A) Directive Principles (non-justiciable)
B) Fundamental Rights (justiciable)
C) Legal rights
D) Property rights
Explanation: Duties are non-justiciable like DPSPs.
Q95. Fundamental Duties were added to strengthen:
✅ A) Indian democracy during crisis
B) Property rights
C) Judicial review
D) Presidential powers
Explanation: Added to strengthen democracy and civic responsibility.
Q96. Which committee first recommended Fundamental Duties?
✅ A) Swaran Singh Committee (1976)
B) Ranganath Mishra Committee
C) Sarkaria Commission
D) Punchhi Commission
Explanation: Swaran Singh Committee recommended Duties.
Q97. Which committee suggested making Duties legally enforceable?
✅ A) Swaran Singh Committee
B) Ranganath Mishra Committee
C) Sarkaria Commission
D) Punchhi Commission
Explanation: Swaran Singh suggested enforceability.
Q98. Which committee recommended inclusion of Fundamental Duties in textbooks?
✅ A) Ranganath Mishra Committee (1999)
B) Swaran Singh Committee
C) Sarkaria Commission
D) Punchhi Commission
Explanation: Ranganath Mishra recommended inclusion in education.
Q99. Which committee suggested more Duties be added?
✅ A) Ranganath Mishra Committee
B) Swaran Singh Committee
C) Sarkaria Commission
D) Punchhi Commission
Explanation: Ranganath Mishra suggested expansion.
Q100. Supreme Court has held that Fundamental Duties are:
✅ A) Non‑justiciable but can guide interpretation of laws
B) Justiciable directly
C) Enforceable by writs
D) Enforceable by President
Explanation: Duties guide interpretation.
Q101. In which case did SC hold that Duties can be enforced indirectly?
✅ A) AIIMS Students Union v. AIIMS (2001)
B) Kesavananda Bharati case
C) Golaknath case
D) Minerva Mills case
Explanation: AIIMS case recognized indirect enforcement.
Q102. In which case did SC uphold duty to protect environment?
✅ A) M.C. Mehta v. Union of India
B) Kesavananda Bharati case
C) Golaknath case
D) Minerva Mills case
Explanation: M.C. Mehta case linked environment duty.
Q103. In which case did SC link duty to provide education with Right to Education?
✅ A) Unni Krishnan v. State of Andhra Pradesh
B) Kesavananda Bharati case
C) Golaknath case
D) Minerva Mills case
Explanation: Education linked to duty.
Q104. In which case did SC hold that Duties can be used to uphold restrictions on Rights?
✅ A) Mohan Kumar Singhania v. Union of India
B) Kesavananda Bharati case
C) Golaknath case
D) Minerva Mills case
Explanation: Duties can justify restrictions.
Q105. In which case did SC hold that Duties are important for national integration?
✅ A) Chandra Bhavan Boarding v. State of Mysore
B) Kesavananda Bharati case
C) Golaknath case
D) Minerva Mills case
Explanation: Duties linked to integration.
Q106. In which case did SC uphold duty to safeguard public property?
✅ A) AIIMS Students Union case
B) Kesavananda Bharati case
C) Golaknath case
D) Minerva Mills case
Explanation: AIIMS case emphasized safeguarding property.
Q107. In which case did SC uphold duty to promote harmony?
✅ A) Bijoe Emmanuel v. State of Kerala (1986)
B) Kesavananda Bharati case
C) Golaknath case
D) Minerva Mills case
Explanation: Bijoe Emmanuel case emphasized harmony.
Q108. In which case did SC uphold duty to respect national symbols?
✅ A) Bijoe Emmanuel v. State of Kerala
B) Kesavananda Bharati case
C) Golaknath case
D) Minerva Mills case
Explanation: Case upheld respect for anthem.
Q109. In which case did SC uphold duty to preserve heritage?
✅ A) M.C. Mehta v. Union of India
B) Kesavananda Bharati case
C) Golaknath case
D) Minerva Mills case
Explanation: Mehta case linked heritage/environment.
Q110. In which case did SC uphold duty to develop scientific temper?
✅ A) Nandini Satpathy v. P.L. Dani
B) Kesavananda Bharati case
C) Golaknath case
D) Minerva Mills case
Explanation: Case emphasized rationality.
Q111. In which case did SC uphold duty to strive for excellence?
✅ A) AIIMS Students Union case
B) Kesavananda Bharati case
C) Golaknath case
D) Minerva Mills case
Explanation: AIIMS case emphasized excellence.
Q112. In which case did SC uphold duty to defend country?
✅ A) Chandra Bhavan Boarding case
B) Kesavananda Bharati case
C) Golaknath case
D) Minerva Mills case
Explanation: Case emphasized national service.
Q113. In which case did SC uphold duty to provide education?
✅ A) Unni Krishnan case
B) Kesavananda Bharati case
C) Golaknath case
D) Minerva Mills case
Explanation: Linked duty with education.
Q114. In which case did SC uphold duty to protect environment as part of Article 21?
✅ A) Subhash Kumar v. State of Bihar
B) Kesavananda Bharati case
C) Golaknath case
D) Minerva Mills case
Explanation: Environment linked to life.
Q115. In which case did SC uphold duty to promote harmony beyond religion?
✅ A) Bijoe Emmanuel case
B) Kesavananda Bharati case
C) Golaknath case
D) Minerva Mills case
Explanation: Case emphasized religious harmony.
Q116. In which case did SC uphold duty to respect Constitution?
✅ A) Kesavananda Bharati case
B) Golaknath case
C) Minerva Mills case
D) AIIMS Students Union case
Explanation: Kesavananda emphasized supremacy of Constitution.
Q117. In which case did SC uphold duty to cherish freedom struggle ideals?
✅ A) Indira Gandhi v. Raj Narain
B) Kesavananda Bharati case
C) Golaknath case
D) Minerva Mills case
Explanation: Case emphasized democratic values.
Q118. In which case did SC uphold duty to uphold sovereignty and unity?
✅ A) S.R. Bommai v. Union of India
B) Kesavananda Bharati case
C) Golaknath case
D) Minerva Mills case
Explanation: Bommai case emphasized unity and secularism.
Q119. In which case did SC uphold duty to safeguard public property against violence?
✅ A) AIIMS Students Union case
B) Kesavananda Bharati case
C) Golaknath case
D) Minerva Mills case
Explanation: AIIMS case emphasized property protection.
Q120. In which case did SC uphold duty to promote scientific temper and inquiry?
✅ A) Nandini Satpathy case
B) Kesavananda Bharati case
C) Golaknath case
D) Minerva Mills case
Explanation: Case emphasized rational inquiry.
Q121. Fundamental Rights are:
✅ A) Justiciable
B) Non‑justiciable
C) Moral obligations
D) Parliamentary directives
Explanation: FRs are enforceable by courts.
Q122. Directive Principles are:
✅ A) Non‑justiciable
B) Justiciable
C) Absolute rights
D) Judicial remedies
Explanation: DPSPs are non‑justiciable.
Q123. Fundamental Duties are:
✅ A) Non‑justiciable moral obligations
B) Justiciable rights
C) Judicial remedies
D) Parliamentary supremacy
Explanation: Duties are moral obligations.
Q124. Fundamental Rights ensure:
✅ A) Political democracy
B) Economic democracy only
C) Social democracy only
D) Monarchy
Explanation: FRs ensure political democracy.
Q125. Directive Principles aim at:
✅ A) Social and economic democracy
B) Political democracy
C) Judicial supremacy
D) Presidential supremacy
Explanation: DPSPs aim at social/economic democracy.
Q126. Fundamental Duties aim at:
✅ A) Civic responsibility and discipline
B) Judicial supremacy
C) Parliamentary supremacy
D) Presidential supremacy
Explanation: Duties promote civic responsibility.
Q127. FRs vs DPSPs conflict resolved by:
✅ A) Doctrine of harmonious construction
B) Doctrine of severability
C) Doctrine of eclipse
D) Doctrine of waiver
Explanation: Harmonious construction balances FRs and DPSPs.
Q128. FRs vs Duties balance:
✅ A) Rights with responsibilities
B) Rights with property
C) Rights with judiciary
D) Rights with Parliament
Explanation: Duties balance rights with responsibilities.
Q129. DPSPs vs Duties similarity:
✅ A) Both are non‑justiciable
B) Both are justiciable
C) Both are absolute
D) Both are judicial remedies
Explanation: Both are non‑justiciable.
Q130. FRs vs Duties difference:
✅ A) FRs enforceable, Duties not enforceable
B) Both enforceable
C) Both non‑enforceable
D) Both judicial remedies
Explanation: FRs enforceable, Duties not.
Q131. Fundamental Duties inspired by:
✅ A) USSR Constitution
B) USA Constitution
C) UK Constitution
D) French Constitution
Explanation: Inspired by USSR.
Q132. Fundamental Rights inspired by:
✅ A) USA Bill of Rights
B) USSR Constitution
C) UK Constitution
D) French Constitution
Explanation: Inspired by USA.
Q133. Directive Principles inspired by:
✅ A) Irish Constitution
B) USA Constitution
C) USSR Constitution
D) French Constitution
Explanation: Inspired by Ireland.
Q134. France emphasizes:
✅ A) Liberty, equality, fraternity
B) Rule of law
C) Bill of Rights
D) Directive Principles
Explanation: French Revolution values.
Q135. UK emphasizes:
✅ A) Rule of law and parliamentary supremacy
B) Bill of Rights
C) Directive Principles
D) Fundamental Duties
Explanation: UK emphasizes rule of law.
Q136. USA emphasizes:
✅ A) Bill of Rights and individual freedoms
B) Directive Principles
C) Fundamental Duties
D) Parliamentary supremacy
Explanation: USA emphasizes rights.
Q137. South Africa emphasizes:
✅ A) Explicit environmental rights and duties
B) Only property rights
C) Only voting rights
D) Only judicial supremacy
Explanation: South Africa Constitution includes environmental rights.
Q138. Japan emphasizes:
✅ A) Duties of citizens along with rights
B) Only rights
C) Only duties
D) Only monarchy
Explanation: Japanese Constitution balances rights and duties.
Q139. USSR Constitution emphasized:
✅ A) Duties of citizens strongly
B) Only rights
C) Only monarchy
D) Only judiciary
Explanation: USSR emphasized duties.
Q140. Comparative analysis shows:
✅ A) India borrowed FRs from USA, DPSPs from Ireland, Duties from USSR
B) India borrowed all from USA
C) India borrowed all from UK
D) India borrowed all from France
Explanation: India borrowed from multiple sources.
Q141. Assertion (A): Fundamental Duties are non‑justiciable.
Reason (R): They cannot be enforced directly by courts.
A) Both A and R true, R correct explanation
B) Both A and R true, R not correct explanation
C) A true, R false
D) A false, R true
✅ Correct: A
Explanation: Duties are moral obligations, not enforceable.
Q142. Assertion (A): Fundamental Duties balance rights with responsibilities.
Reason (R): They were added to Part IV‑A during Emergency.
A) Both A and R true, R correct explanation
B) Both A and R true, R not correct explanation
C) A true, R false
D) A false, R true
✅ Correct: A
Explanation: Duties balance FRs; added by 42nd Amendment.
Q143. Assertion (A): Fundamental Duties apply to all persons.
Reason (R): They are universal obligations.
A) Both A and R true, R correct explanation
B) Both A and R true, R not correct explanation
C) A true, R false
D) A false, R true
✅ Correct: D
Explanation: Duties apply only to citizens.
Q144. Assertion (A): Fundamental Duties were inspired by USSR Constitution.
Reason (R): USSR emphasized duties of citizens.
A) Both A and R true, R correct explanation
B) Both A and R true, R not correct explanation
C) A true, R false
D) A false, R true
✅ Correct: A
Explanation: Borrowed from USSR model.
Q145. Assertion (A): Fundamental Duties were recommended by Swaran Singh Committee.
Reason (R): Committee suggested 8 duties, Parliament added 10.
A) Both A and R true, R correct explanation
B) Both A and R true, R not correct explanation
C) A true, R false
D) A false, R true
✅ Correct: A
Explanation: Parliament expanded the list.
Q146. Assertion (A): Fundamental Duties are enforceable by writs.
Reason (R): Courts can issue writs for duties.
A) Both A and R true, R correct explanation
B) Both A and R true, R not correct explanation
C) A true, R false
D) A false, R true
✅ Correct: D
Explanation: Duties are not enforceable by writs.
Q147. Assertion (A): Fundamental Duties were expanded by 86th Amendment.
Reason (R): Duty to provide education was added.
A) Both A and R true, R correct explanation
B) Both A and R true, R not correct explanation
C) A true, R false
D) A false, R true
✅ Correct: A
Explanation: Clause (k) added in 2002.
Q148. Assertion (A): Fundamental Duties are vague.
Reason (R): They lack precise legal definitions.
A) Both A and R true, R correct explanation
B) Both A and R true, R not correct explanation
C) A true, R false
D) A false, R true
✅ Correct: A
Explanation: Common criticism.
Q149. Assertion (A): Fundamental Duties promote civic responsibility.
Reason (R): They include respect for Constitution, environment, heritage.
A) Both A and R true, R correct explanation
B) Both A and R true, R not correct explanation
C) A true, R false
D) A false, R true
✅ Correct: A
Explanation: Duties foster civic values.
Q150. Assertion (A): Fundamental Duties are part of basic structure.
Reason (R): Parliament cannot amend them.
A) Both A and R true, R correct explanation
B) Both A and R true, R not correct explanation
C) A true, R false
D) A false, R true
✅ Correct: D
Explanation: Not declared part of basic structure.
Q151. Match Duties with Clauses:
A) 51A(a) B) 51A(b) C) 51A(c) D) 51A(d)
1. Respect Constitution
2. Cherish freedom struggle
3. Uphold sovereignty
4. Defend country
Options:
A) 1‑A, 2‑B, 3‑C, 4‑D
B) 1‑B, 2‑A, 3‑D, 4‑C
C) 1‑C, 2‑D, 3‑A, 4‑B
D) 1‑D, 2‑C, 3‑B, 4‑A
✅ Correct: A
Explanation: Direct clause mapping.
Q152. Match Duties with Clauses:
A) 51A(e) B) 51A(f) C) 51A(g) D) 51A(h)
1. Promote harmony
2. Preserve heritage
3. Protect environment
4. Develop scientific temper
Options:
A) 1‑A, 2‑B, 3‑C, 4‑D
B) 1‑B, 2‑A, 3‑D, 4‑C
C) 1‑C, 2‑D, 3‑A, 4‑B
D) 1‑D, 2‑C, 3‑B, 4‑A
✅ Correct: A
Explanation: Direct clause mapping.
Q153. Match Duties with Clauses:
A) 51A(i) B) 51A(j) C) 51A(k)
1. Safeguard public property
2. Strive for excellence
3. Provide education
Options:
A) 1‑A, 2‑B, 3‑C
B) 1‑B, 2‑C, 3‑A
C) 1‑C, 2‑A, 3‑B
D) 1‑A, 2‑C, 3‑B
✅ Correct: A
Explanation: Direct clause mapping.
Q154. Match Duties with Amendments:
A) 42nd Amendment B) 86th Amendment
1. Inserted 10 duties
2. Added 11th duty
Options:
A) 1‑A, 2‑B
B) 1‑B, 2‑A
C) 1‑A, 2‑A
D) 1‑B, 2‑B
✅ Correct: A
Explanation: 42nd→10 duties; 86th→education duty.
Q155. Match Duties with Case Laws:
A) M.C. Mehta B) Unni Krishnan C) AIIMS Students Union
1. Environment
2. Education
3. Public property
Options:
A) 1‑A, 2‑B, 3‑C
B) 1‑B, 2‑C, 3‑A
C) 1‑C, 2‑A, 3‑B
D) 1‑A, 2‑C, 3‑B
✅ Correct: A
Explanation: Landmark linkages.
Q156. Assertion (A): Fundamental Duties are enforceable indirectly.
Reason (R): Parliament can pass laws to implement them.
A) Both A and R true, R correct explanation
B) Both A and R true, R not correct explanation
C) A true, R false
D) A false, R true
✅ Correct: A
Explanation: Indirect enforcement via statutes.
Q157. Assertion (A): Fundamental Duties are criticized as moralistic.
Reason (R): They lack legal sanction.
A) Both A and R true, R correct explanation
B) Both A and R true, R not correct explanation
C) A true, R false
D) A false, R true
✅ Correct: A
Explanation: Non‑justiciability fuels criticism.
Q158. Assertion (A): Fundamental Duties promote national integration.
Reason (R): They include unity, harmony, respect for Constitution.
A) Both A and R true, R correct explanation
B) Both A and R true, R not correct explanation
C) A true, R false
D) A false, R true
✅ Correct: A
Explanation: Duties strengthen cohesion.
Q159. Assertion (A): Fundamental Duties are absolute.
Reason (R): No restrictions apply.
A) Both A and R true, R correct explanation
B) Both A and R true, R not correct explanation
C) A true, R false
D) A false, R true
✅ Correct: D
Explanation: Duties are not absolute; they’re guiding.
Q160. Assertion (A): Fundamental Duties are linked to DPSPs.
Reason (R): Both are non‑justiciable guiding principles.
A) Both A and R true, R correct explanation
B) Both A and R true, R not correct explanation
C) A true, R false
D) A false, R true
✅ Correct: A
Explanation: Shared non‑justiciable nature.
Q161. Assertion (A): Fundamental Duties were added during Emergency.
Reason (R): 42nd Amendment passed in 1976.
A) Both A and R true, R correct explanation
B) Both A and R true, R not correct explanation
C) A true, R false
D) A false, R true
✅ Correct: A
Explanation: Historical context.
Q162. Assertion (A): Fundamental Duties are enforceable by President.
Reason (R): President can issue orders.
A) Both A and R true, R correct explanation
B) Both A and R true, R not correct explanation
C) A true, R false
D) A false, R true
✅ Correct: D
Explanation: No direct presidential enforcement.
Q163. Assertion (A): Fundamental Duties include duty to renounce practices derogatory to women.
Reason (R): Covered under harmony clause.
A) Both A and R true, R correct explanation
B) Both A and R true, R not correct explanation
C) A true, R false
D) A false, R true
✅ Correct: A
Explanation: Part of 51A(e).
Q164. Assertion (A): Fundamental Duties include duty to protect environment.
Reason (R): Covered under Article 51A(g).
A) Both A and R true, R correct explanation
B) Both A and R true, R not correct explanation
C) A true, R false
D) A false, R true
✅ Correct: A
Explanation: Explicitly stated.
Q165. Assertion (A): Fundamental Duties include duty to strive for excellence.
Reason (R): Covered under Article 51A(j).
A) Both A and R true, R correct explanation
B) Both A and R true, R not correct explanation
C) A true, R false
D) A false, R true
✅ Correct: A
Explanation: Explicitly stated.
Q166. Assertion (A): Fundamental Duties include duty to provide education.
Reason (R): Added by 86th Amendment.
A) Both A and R true, R correct explanation
B) Both A and R true, R not correct explanation
C) A true, R false
D) A false, R true
✅ Correct: A
Explanation: Clause (k) via 86th Amendment.
Q167. Assertion (A): Fundamental Duties include duty to safeguard public property.
Reason (R): Covered under Article 51A(i).
A) Both A and R true, R correct explanation
B) Both A and R true, R not correct explanation
C) A true, R false
D) A false, R true
✅ Correct: A
Explanation: Explicitly stated.
Q168. Assertion (A): Fundamental Duties include duty to develop scientific temper.
Reason (R): Covered under Article 51A(h).
A) Both A and R true, R correct explanation
B) Both A and R true, R not correct explanation
C) A true, R false
D) A false, R true
✅ Correct: A
Explanation: Explicitly stated.
Q169. Assertion (A): Fundamental Duties include duty to cherish freedom struggle ideals.
Reason (R): Covered under Article 51A(b).
A) Both A and R true, R correct explanation
B) Both A and R true, R not correct explanation
C) A true, R false
D) A false, R true
✅ Correct: A
Explanation: Explicitly stated.
Q170. Assertion (A): Fundamental Duties include duty to respect Constitution, flag, anthem.
Reason (R): Covered under Article 51A(a).
A) Both A and R true, R correct explanation
B) Both A and R true, R not correct explanation
C) A true, R false
D) A false, R true
✅ Correct: A
Explanation: Explicitly stated.
Q171. Duty to protect environment is reflected in which law?
A) Environment Protection Act, 1986
B) Right to Information Act, 2005
C) Consumer Protection Act, 1986
D) Companies Act, 2013
✅ Correct: A
Explanation: EPA 1986 enforces Article 51A(g).
Q172. Duty to safeguard public property is reflected in which law?
A) Prevention of Damage to Public Property Act, 1984
B) Environment Protection Act, 1986
C) Forest Conservation Act, 1980
D) Wildlife Protection Act, 1972
✅ Correct: A
Explanation: Prevents destruction of public property.
Q173. Duty to provide education is linked with:
A) Right to Education Act, 2009
B) Environment Protection Act, 1986
C) Consumer Protection Act, 1986
D) Wildlife Protection Act, 1972
✅ Correct: A
Explanation: RTE Act enforces Article 21A and 51A(k).
Q174. Duty to promote harmony is reflected in:
A) Laws against untouchability and caste discrimination
B) Environment laws
C) Property laws
D) Taxation laws
✅ Correct: A
Explanation: Linked to Article 17 and social justice laws.
Q175. Duty to preserve heritage is reflected in:
A) Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites Act, 1958
B) Environment Protection Act, 1986
C) Consumer Protection Act, 1986
D) Companies Act, 2013
✅ Correct: A
Explanation: Protects monuments and heritage.
Q176. Duty to respect Constitution is reflected in:
A) Oath of office for public officials
B) Taxation laws
C) Property laws
D) Consumer laws
✅ Correct: A
Explanation: Oath requires respect for Constitution.
Q177. Duty to defend country is reflected in:
A) Military service and national service obligations
B) Consumer laws
C) Taxation laws
D) Property laws
✅ Correct: A
Explanation: Linked to defense and service.
Q178. Duty to develop scientific temper is reflected in:
A) Promotion of science and technology policies
B) Taxation laws
C) Property laws
D) Consumer laws
✅ Correct: A
Explanation: Encourages rational inquiry.
Q179. Duty to strive for excellence is reflected in:
A) National education and skill development policies
B) Taxation laws
C) Property laws
D) Consumer laws
✅ Correct: A
Explanation: Excellence linked to education and skills.
Q180. Duty to cherish freedom struggle ideals is reflected in:
A) National festivals and commemorations
B) Taxation laws
C) Property laws
D) Consumer laws
✅ Correct: A
Explanation: Republic Day, Independence Day celebrations.
Q181. Duty to promote harmony beyond religion is reflected in:
A) Secularism and equality provisions
B) Taxation laws
C) Property laws
D) Consumer laws
✅ Correct: A
Explanation: Linked to secularism in Constitution.
Q182. Duty to protect environment is linked with:
A) Sustainable development policies
B) Taxation laws
C) Property laws
D) Consumer laws
✅ Correct: A
Explanation: Sustainability reflects Article 51A(g).
Q183. Duty to safeguard public property is linked with:
A) Civic responsibility in avoiding vandalism
B) Taxation laws
C) Property laws
D) Consumer laws
✅ Correct: A
Explanation: Citizens must avoid damage.
Q184. Duty to provide education is linked with:
A) Parents ensuring school attendance
B) Taxation laws
C) Property laws
D) Consumer laws
✅ Correct: A
Explanation: Parents/guardians responsible.
Q185. Duty to respect national symbols is reflected in:
A) Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act, 1971
B) Taxation laws
C) Property laws
D) Consumer laws
✅ Correct: A
Explanation: Protects flag and anthem.
Q186. Duty to promote scientific temper is reflected in:
A) National Science Day celebrations
B) Taxation laws
C) Property laws
D) Consumer laws
✅ Correct: A
Explanation: Promotes rationality and inquiry.
Q187. Duty to preserve heritage is reflected in:
A) UNESCO heritage site protection
B) Taxation laws
C) Property laws
D) Consumer laws
✅ Correct: A
Explanation: International cooperation for heritage.
Q188. Duty to defend country is reflected in:
A) National Cadet Corps (NCC) and civil defense training
B) Taxation laws
C) Property laws
D) Consumer laws
✅ Correct: A
Explanation: NCC promotes defense duty.
Q189. Duty to promote harmony is reflected in:
A) Laws against communal violence
B) Taxation laws
C) Property laws
D) Consumer laws
✅ Correct: A
Explanation: Harmony promoted through anti‑communal laws.
Q190. Duty to strive for excellence is reflected in:
A) National awards and recognition systems
B) Taxation laws
C) Property laws
D) Consumer laws
✅ Correct: A
Explanation: Awards encourage excellence.
Q191. Assertion (A): Fundamental Duties are criticized for being vague.
Reason (R): They lack clear legal definitions and sanctions.
A) Both A and R true, R correct explanation
B) Both A and R true, R not correct explanation
C) A true, R false
D) A false, R true
✅ Correct: A
Explanation: Duties are often criticized as vague moral obligations.
Q192. Assertion (A): Fundamental Duties can be enforced indirectly.
Reason (R): Parliament enacts laws to give effect to them.
A) Both A and R true, R correct explanation
B) Both A and R true, R not correct explanation
C) A true, R false
D) A false, R true
✅ Correct: A
Explanation: Example: Environment Protection Act, RTE Act.
Q193. Assertion (A): Fundamental Duties were added without Constituent Assembly debate.
Reason (R): They were inserted later by 42nd Amendment.
A) Both A and R true, R correct explanation
B) Both A and R true, R not correct explanation
C) A true, R false
D) A false, R true
✅ Correct: A
Explanation: Not part of original Constitution.
Q194. Assertion (A): Fundamental Duties are enforceable by judiciary.
Reason (R): Courts can issue writs for duties.
A) Both A and R true, R correct explanation
B) Both A and R true, R not correct explanation
C) A true, R false
D) A false, R true
✅ Correct: D
Explanation: Duties are not enforceable by writs.
Q195. Assertion (A): Fundamental Duties strengthen democracy.
Reason (R): They balance rights with responsibilities.
A) Both A and R true, R correct explanation
B) Both A and R true, R not correct explanation
C) A true, R false
D) A false, R true
✅ Correct: A
Explanation: Duties ensure responsible citizenship.
Q196. Assertion (A): Fundamental Duties are part of Directive Principles.
Reason (R): Both are non‑justiciable.
A) Both A and R true, R correct explanation
B) Both A and R true, R not correct explanation
C) A true, R false
D) A false, R true
✅ Correct: C
Explanation: Duties are separate (Part IV‑A), but similar in nature.
Q197. Assertion (A): Fundamental Duties are enforceable through ordinary laws.
Reason (R): Parliament can penalize violations.
A) Both A and R true, R correct explanation
B) Both A and R true, R not correct explanation
C) A true, R false
D) A false, R true
✅ Correct: A
Explanation: Example: Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act.
Q198. Assertion (A): Fundamental Duties are absolute obligations.
Reason (R): Citizens cannot refuse them.
A) Both A and R true, R correct explanation
B) Both A and R true, R not correct explanation
C) A true, R false
D) A false, R true
✅ Correct: D
Explanation: Duties are guiding, not absolute.
Q199. Assertion (A): Fundamental Duties include duty to protect environment.
Reason (R): Courts have linked it to Article 21.
A) Both A and R true, R correct explanation
B) Both A and R true, R not correct explanation
C) A true, R false
D) A false, R true
✅ Correct: A
Explanation: Environment duty reinforced by SC rulings.
Q200. Assertion (A): Fundamental Duties reflect civic nationalism.
Reason (R): They emphasize unity, discipline, and responsibility.
A) Both A and R true, R correct explanation
B) Both A and R true, R not correct explanation
C) A true, R false
D) A false, R true
✅ Correct: A
Explanation: Duties embody civic nationalism and responsible citizenship.
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