500 MCQs on Planet Earth

EARTH 

Q1. Which hypothesis suggests the Sun and planets formed from a rotating nebula?

a) Planetesimal Hypothesis

b) Nebular Hypothesis ✅

c) Big Bang Theory

d) Steady State Theory

Explanation: The Nebular Hypothesis explains solar system formation from a rotating cloud of gas and dust.

Q2. The Planetesimal Hypothesis was proposed by:

a) Laplace

b) Chamberlin and Moulton ✅

c) Kant

d) Hubble

Explanation: Chamberlin and Moulton suggested planets formed from small celestial bodies called planetesimals.

Q3. The Big Bang Theory explains:

a) Origin of Earth only

b) Origin of Solar System

c) Origin of Universe ✅

d) Origin of Milky Way

Explanation: Big Bang Theory describes the universe’s origin ~13.8 billion years ago.

Q4. The Earth is approximately how old?

a) 2.5 billion years

b) 4.5 billion years ✅

c) 6 billion years

d) 10 billion years

Explanation: Radiometric dating shows Earth formed ~4.5 billion years ago.

Q5. The Precambrian era lasted for:

a) 500 million years

b) 4 billion years ✅

c) 1 billion years

d) 2 billion years

Explanation: Precambrian covers ~88% of Earth’s history, about 4 billion years.

Q6. Which theory suggests planets formed from the Sun’s material pulled out by another star?

a) Nebular Hypothesis

b) Tidal Hypothesis ✅

c) Planetesimal Hypothesis

d) Big Bang Theory

Explanation: Tidal Hypothesis by Jeans and Jeffreys proposed planets formed from solar material pulled by another star.

Q7. The Solar System is part of which galaxy?

a) Andromeda

b) Milky Way ✅

c) Sombrero

d) Whirlpool

Explanation: Our Solar System lies in the Milky Way galaxy.

Q8. The Hadean Eon refers to:

a) Formation of continents

b) Formation of Earth ✅

c) Rise of mammals

d) Ice Age

Explanation: Hadean Eon marks Earth’s earliest formation stage.

Q9. The Mesozoic era is known as:

a) Age of Mammals

b) Age of Dinosaurs ✅

c) Age of Fish

d) Age of Humans

Explanation: Dinosaurs dominated during the Mesozoic era.

Q10. The Cenozoic era is called:

a) Age of Reptiles

b) Age of Mammals ✅

c) Age of Fish

d) Age of Amphibians

Explanation: Mammals diversified after dinosaurs went extinct.

Q11. The Paleozoic era began around:

a) 540 million years ago ✅

b) 250 million years ago

c) 65 million years ago

d) 4 billion years ago

Explanation: Paleozoic era started ~540 million years ago.

Q12. Which scientist proposed the Nebular Hypothesis?

a) Newton

b) Laplace ✅

c) Einstein

d) Galileo

Explanation: Laplace refined the Nebular Hypothesis in the 18th century.

Q13. The Steady State Theory suggests:

a) Universe is expanding

b) Universe has no beginning or end ✅

c) Universe formed by Big Bang

d) Universe will collapse

Explanation: Steady State Theory claims matter is continuously created, keeping density constant.

Q14. Fossils first appeared in which era?

a) Precambrian

b) Paleozoic ✅

c) Mesozoic

d) Cenozoic

Explanation: Paleozoic era saw the first abundant fossils.

Q15. The Cambrian explosion refers to:

a) Rise of mammals

b) Sudden diversification of life ✅

c) Extinction of dinosaurs

d) Formation of Earth

Explanation: Cambrian explosion (~541 million years ago) marked rapid diversification of organisms.

Q16. The Jurassic period belongs to:

a) Paleozoic

b) Mesozoic ✅

c) Cenozoic

d) Precambrian

Explanation: Jurassic is part of the Mesozoic era.

Q17. The Quaternary period belongs to:

a) Precambrian

b) Paleozoic

c) Cenozoic ✅

d) Mesozoic

Explanation: Quaternary is the most recent period of the Cenozoic era.

Q18. Which eon covers most of Earth’s history?

a) Hadean

b) Archean

c) Proterozoic

d) Precambrian ✅

Explanation: Precambrian spans ~88% of Earth’s history.

Q19. The Archean Eon is marked by:

a) Rise of mammals

b) Formation of first continents ✅

c) Extinction of dinosaurs

d) Ice Age

Explanation: Archean saw the formation of continental crust.

Q20. The Proterozoic Eon is known for:

a) First multicellular life ✅

b) Rise of mammals

c) Dinosaurs

d) Ice Age

Explanation: Proterozoic saw the emergence of multicellular organisms.

Q21. The Silurian period is part of:

a) Precambrian

b) Paleozoic ✅

c) Mesozoic

d) Cenozoic

Explanation: Silurian belongs to the Paleozoic era.

Q22. The Triassic period is part of:

a) Paleozoic

b) Mesozoic ✅

c) Cenozoic

d) Precambrian

Explanation: Triassic marks the beginning of the Mesozoic era.

Q23. The Devonian period is called:

a) Age of Fish ✅

b) Age of Mammals

c) Age of Dinosaurs

d) Age of Amphibians

Explanation: Devonian saw diversification of fishes.

Q24. The Carboniferous period is known for:

a) Rise of mammals

b) Formation of coal forests ✅

c) Extinction of dinosaurs

d) Ice Age

Explanation: Carboniferous period had vast swamp forests forming coal deposits.

Q25. The Permian period ended with:

a) Rise of mammals

b) Largest mass extinction ✅

c) Cambrian explosion

d) Ice Age

Explanation: Permian extinction wiped out ~90% of species.

Q26. The outermost solid layer of the Earth is called:

a) Mantle

b) Crust ✅

c) Core

d) Lithosphere

Explanation: The crust is the thin, solid outer layer of Earth.

Q27. The continental crust is mainly composed of:

a) Basalt

b) Granite ✅

c) Iron

d) Nickel

Explanation: Continental crust is rich in granite and lighter silicate minerals.

Q28. The oceanic crust is mainly composed of:

a) Granite

b) Basalt ✅

c) Sandstone

d) Limestone

Explanation: Oceanic crust is thinner and basaltic in composition.

Q29. The mantle extends to a depth of about:

a) 100 km

b) 2,900 km ✅

c) 500 km

d) 6,371 km

Explanation: The mantle lies between the crust and core, extending ~2,900 km.

Q30. The mantle is composed mainly of:

a) Silica and aluminum

b) Silica and magnesium ✅

c) Iron and nickel

d) Carbonates

Explanation: Mantle rocks are rich in silicate minerals with magnesium and iron.

Q31. The outer core is:

a) Solid

b) Liquid ✅

c) Semi-solid

d) Gas

Explanation: The outer core is liquid iron and nickel, generating Earth’s magnetic field.

Q32. The inner core is:

a) Liquid

b) Solid ✅

c) Semi-solid

d) Gas

Explanation: The inner core is solid iron and nickel due to immense pressure.

Q33. The boundary between crust and mantle is called:

a) Gutenberg discontinuity

b) Mohorovičić discontinuity ✅

c) Lehmann discontinuity

d) Lithosphere

Explanation: The Moho separates the crust from the mantle.

Q34. The boundary between mantle and core is called:

a) Moho

b) Gutenberg discontinuity ✅

c) Lehmann discontinuity

d) Lithosphere

Explanation: Gutenberg discontinuity lies at ~2,900 km depth.

Q35. The boundary between outer and inner core is called:

a) Moho

b) Gutenberg

c) Lehmann discontinuity ✅

d) Lithosphere

Explanation: Lehmann discontinuity separates the liquid outer core from solid inner core.

Q36. The lithosphere includes:

a) Crust only

b) Crust + upper mantle ✅

c) Mantle only

d) Core

Explanation: Lithosphere is the rigid outer shell comprising crust and upper mantle.

Q37. The asthenosphere is:

a) Solid crust

b) Weak, partially molten mantle layer ✅

c) Outer core

d) Inner core

Explanation: Asthenosphere lies below lithosphere, allowing plate movement.

Q38. Plate tectonics is driven by:

a) Earth’s rotation

b) Mantle convection currents ✅

c) Gravity

d) Magnetic field

Explanation: Convection currents in the mantle move tectonic plates.

Q39. Seismic waves provide evidence of:

a) Earth’s rotation

b) Earth’s interior structure ✅

c) Earth’s orbit

d) Earth’s atmosphere

Explanation: Seismic waves change speed/direction depending on material layers.

Q40. P-waves can travel through:

a) Solids only

b) Liquids only

c) Solids and liquids ✅

d) Gases only

Explanation: Primary waves travel through both solids and liquids.

Q41. S-waves can travel through:

a) Solids only ✅

b) Liquids only

c) Solids and liquids

d) Gases only

Explanation: Secondary waves cannot pass through liquids.

Q42. The absence of S-waves in the outer core indicates:

a) It is solid

b) It is liquid ✅

c) It is gaseous

d) It is semi-solid

Explanation: S-waves cannot travel through liquids, proving outer core is liquid.

Q43. Earth’s magnetic field is generated by:

a) Crust

b) Mantle

c) Outer core ✅

d) Inner core

Explanation: Movement of liquid iron in the outer core creates the geomagnetic field.

Q44. The average thickness of continental crust is:

a) 5 km

b) 35 km ✅

c) 70 km

d) 100 km

Explanation: Continental crust averages ~35 km thick.

Q45. The average thickness of oceanic crust is:

a) 5–10 km ✅

b) 35 km

c) 70 km

d) 100 km

Explanation: Oceanic crust is thinner, ~5–10 km thick.

Q46. The radius of Earth is approximately:

a) 3,000 km

b) 6,371 km ✅

c) 10,000 km

d) 12,000 km

Explanation: Earth’s average radius is ~6,371 km.

Q47. The mantle constitutes about what percentage of Earth’s volume?

a) 30%

b) 84% ✅

c) 50%

d) 10%

Explanation: The mantle makes up ~84% of Earth’s volume.

Q48. The crust constitutes about what percentage of Earth’s volume?

a) 1% ✅

b) 10%

c) 20%

d) 30%

Explanation: The crust is very thin, only ~1% of Earth’s volume.

Q49. The core constitutes about what percentage of Earth’s volume?

a) 10%

b) 15% ✅

c) 25%

d) 50%

Explanation: The core makes up ~15% of Earth’s volume.

Q50. The study of Earth’s interior using seismic waves is called:

a) Geology

b) Seismology ✅

c) Geography

d) Astronomy

Explanation: Seismology studies earthquakes and seismic waves to understand Earth’s interior.

Q51. Latitude is measured in:

a) Degrees north or south of the Equator ✅

b) Degrees east or west of the Prime Meridian

c) Kilometers

d) Hours

Explanation: Latitude measures angular distance north or south of the Equator.

Q52. The Equator is located at:

a) 23.5° N

b) 0° ✅

c) 90° N

d) 66.5° S

Explanation: The Equator is the 0° latitude line dividing Earth into two hemispheres.

Q53. The Tropic of Cancer is located at:

a) 23.5° N ✅

b) 23.5° S

c) 66.5° N

d) 90° S

Explanation: Tropic of Cancer lies at 23.5° north latitude.

Q54. The Tropic of Capricorn is located at:

a) 23.5° N

b) 23.5° S ✅

c) 66.5° N

d) 90° S

Explanation: Tropic of Capricorn lies at 23.5° south latitude.

Q55. The Arctic Circle is located at:

a) 23.5° N

b) 66.5° N ✅

c) 90° N

d) 66.5° S

Explanation: Arctic Circle lies at 66.5° north latitude.

Q56. The Antarctic Circle is located at:

a) 23.5° S

b) 66.5° S ✅

c) 90° S

d) 66.5° N

Explanation: Antarctic Circle lies at 66.5° south latitude.

Q57. Latitude lines are also called:

a) Meridians

b) Parallels ✅

c) Longitudes

d) Equinoxes

Explanation: Latitude lines run parallel to the Equator, hence called parallels.

Q58. The maximum latitude value is:

a) 90° ✅

b) 180°

c) 360°

d) 45°

Explanation: Latitude ranges from 0° at the Equator to 90° at the poles.

Q59. Which latitude receives direct sunlight during equinoxes?

a) Tropic of Cancer

b) Tropic of Capricorn

c) Equator ✅

d) Arctic Circle

Explanation: Sun is overhead at the Equator during equinoxes.

Q60. Latitude influences:

a) Time zones

b) Climate ✅

c) Rotation of Earth

d) Ocean currents

Explanation: Latitude determines solar radiation received, affecting climate.

Q61. Which latitude marks the boundary of the torrid zone in the north?

a) Equator

b) Tropic of Cancer ✅

c) Tropic of Capricorn

d) Arctic Circle

Explanation: Tropic of Cancer marks the northern limit of the torrid zone.

Q62. Which latitude marks the boundary of the torrid zone in the south?

a) Equator

b) Tropic of Capricorn ✅

c) Tropic of Cancer

d) Antarctic Circle

Explanation: Tropic of Capricorn marks the southern limit of the torrid zone.

Q63. The frigid zones lie between:

a) Tropics

b) Poles and Arctic/Antarctic Circles ✅

c) Equator and Tropics

d) Equator and poles

Explanation: Frigid zones are near the poles beyond 66.5° latitude.

Q64. The temperate zones lie between:

a) Tropics and Circles ✅

b) Equator and Tropics

c) Tropics only

d) Poles only

Explanation: Temperate zones lie between Tropics and Arctic/Antarctic Circles.

Q65. Latitude is important for:

a) Measuring time

b) Determining climate zones ✅

c) Measuring Earth’s rotation

d) Determining longitude

Explanation: Latitude helps classify Earth into climatic zones.

Q66. Which latitude passes through India?

a) Tropic of Capricorn

b) Tropic of Cancer ✅

c) Equator

d) Arctic Circle

Explanation: Tropic of Cancer passes through central India.

Q67. Which latitude passes through Africa almost centrally?

a) Equator ✅

b) Tropic of Cancer

c) Tropic of Capricorn

d) Arctic Circle

Explanation: Equator runs through central Africa.

Q68. Latitude is measured from:

a) Prime Meridian

b) Equator ✅

c) Poles

d) International Date Line

Explanation: Latitude is measured north or south from the Equator.

Q69. Which latitude is the longest circle?

a) Equator ✅

b) Tropic of Cancer

c) Tropic of Capricorn

d) Arctic Circle

Explanation: Equator is the longest latitude circle.

Q70. Which latitude is a great circle?

a) Equator ✅

b) Tropic of Cancer

c) Tropic of Capricorn

d) Arctic Circle

Explanation: Only the Equator is a great circle; others are small circles.

Q71. Latitude values increase from:

a) Equator to poles ✅

b) Poles to Equator

c) Prime Meridian to poles

d) Equator to Tropics

Explanation: Latitude increases from 0° at Equator to 90° at poles.

Q72. The latitude of the North Pole is:

a) 0°

b) 23.5° N

c) 66.5° N

d) 90° N ✅

Explanation: North Pole lies at 90° north latitude.

Q73. The latitude of the South Pole is:

a) 0°

b) 23.5° S

c) 66.5° S

d) 90° S ✅

Explanation: South Pole lies at 90° south latitude.

Q74. Latitude lines run:

a) North–South

b) East–West ✅

c) Diagonal

d) Random

Explanation: Latitude lines run parallel to the Equator, east–west direction.

Q75. Latitude helps in locating:

a) East–West position

b) North–South position ✅

c) Time zones

d) Ocean currents

Explanation: Latitude determines north–south position of a place on Earth.

Q76. Longitude is measured in:

a) Degrees east or west of the Prime Meridian ✅

b) Degrees north or south of the Equator

c) Kilometers

d) Hours

Explanation: Longitude measures angular distance east or west of Greenwich.

Q77. The Prime Meridian is located at:

a) 0° ✅

b) 90° E

c) 180°

d) 23.5° W

Explanation: The Prime Meridian passes through Greenwich at 0° longitude.

Q78. The maximum longitude value is:

a) 90°

b) 180° ✅

c) 360°

d) 45°

Explanation: Longitude ranges from 0° to 180° east and west.

Q79. Longitudes are also called:

a) Meridians ✅

b) Parallels

c) Equinoxes

d) Tropics

Explanation: Longitudes are meridians running pole to pole.

Q80. The International Date Line is located at:

a) 0°

b) 90° E

c) 180° ✅

d) 23.5° W

Explanation: The International Date Line lies near 180° longitude.

Q81. Longitudes help in determining:

a) Climate

b) Time ✅

c) Seasons

d) Rotation

Explanation: Longitudes are used to calculate local time zones.

Q82. The Earth rotates through 360° in:

a) 12 hours

b) 24 hours ✅

c) 48 hours

d) 6 hours

Explanation: Earth completes one rotation in 24 hours.

Q83. In one hour, Earth rotates through:

a) 10°

b) 15° ✅

c) 30°

d) 45°

Explanation: Earth rotates 15° longitude per hour.

Q84. The difference of 1° longitude corresponds to:

a) 2 minutes

b) 4 minutes ✅

c) 10 minutes

d) 15 minutes

Explanation: Earth rotates 1° longitude in 4 minutes.

Q85. The longitude of India’s standard meridian is:

a) 82.5° E ✅

b) 90° E

c) 75° E

d) 60° E

Explanation: IST is based on 82.5° east longitude.

Q86. The longitude of Greenwich is:

a) 90° E

b) 0° ✅

c) 180°

d) 23.5° W

Explanation: Greenwich is the Prime Meridian at 0° longitude.

Q87. The longitude opposite to the Prime Meridian is:

a) 90° E

b) 180° ✅

c) 23.5° W

d) 45° E

Explanation: 180° longitude is directly opposite Greenwich.

Q88. The Earth rotates from:

a) East to West

b) West to East ✅

c) North to South

d) South to North

Explanation: Earth rotates west to east, making the Sun appear to rise in the east.

Q89. The local time at a place depends on:

a) Latitude

b) Longitude ✅

c) Equator

d) Tropics

Explanation: Longitude determines the local solar time.

Q90. The difference in time between two places 15° apart in longitude is:

a) 1 hour ✅

b) 2 hours

c) 30 minutes

d) 4 minutes

Explanation: 15° longitude difference equals 1 hour time difference.

Q91. The longitude of New Delhi is approximately:

a) 77° E ✅

b) 82.5° E

c) 90° E

d) 60° E

Explanation: New Delhi lies near 77° east longitude.

Q92. The longitude of New York is approximately:

a) 74° W ✅

b) 82.5° E

c) 90° E

d) 60° W

Explanation: New York lies near 74° west longitude.

Q93. The longitude of Tokyo is approximately:

a) 140° E ✅

b) 82.5° E

c) 90° W

d) 180°

Explanation: Tokyo lies near 140° east longitude.

Q94. The longitude of London is approximately:

a) 0° ✅

b) 23.5° W

c) 90° E

d) 180°

Explanation: London lies near the Prime Meridian.

Q95. The longitude of Sydney is approximately:

a) 151° E ✅

b) 82.5° E

c) 90° W

d) 180°

Explanation: Sydney lies near 151° east longitude.

Q96. The longitude of Rio de Janeiro is approximately:

a) 43° W ✅

b) 82.5° E

c) 90° E

d) 180°

Explanation: Rio de Janeiro lies near 43° west longitude.

Q97. The longitude of Moscow is approximately:

a) 37° E ✅

b) 82.5° E

c) 90° W

d) 180°

Explanation: Moscow lies near 37° east longitude.

Q98. The longitude of Cape Town is approximately:

a) 18° E ✅

b) 82.5° E

c) 90° W

d) 180°

Explanation: Cape Town lies near 18° east longitude.

Q99. The longitude of Beijing is approximately:

a) 116° E ✅

b) 82.5° E

c) 90° W

d) 180°

Explanation: Beijing lies near 116° east longitude.

Q100. The longitude of Washington, D.C. is approximately:

a) 77° W ✅

b) 82.5° E

c) 90° E

d) 180°

Explanation: Washington, D.C. lies near 77° west longitude.

Q101. The Equator divides Earth into:

a) Eastern and Western Hemispheres

b) Northern and Southern Hemispheres ✅

c) Tropics

d) Time zones

Explanation: The Equator is the 0° latitude line dividing Earth into Northern and Southern Hemispheres.

Q102. The Equator is located at:

a) 23.5° N

b) 0° ✅

c) 66.5° S

d) 90° N

Explanation: The Equator lies at 0° latitude.

Q103. The Equator is a:

a) Small circle

b) Great circle ✅

c) Meridian

d) Parallel of longitude

Explanation: The Equator is the only latitude that is a great circle.

Q104. Equinox occurs:

a) Once a year

b) Twice a year ✅

c) Four times a year

d) Every month

Explanation: Equinox occurs twice annually — March 21 and September 23.

Q105. During equinox, day and night are:

a) Unequal

b) Equal ✅

c) Longer

d) Shorter

Explanation: Equinox means equal day and night across the globe.

Q106. The March equinox is also called:

a) Autumnal equinox

b) Vernal equinox ✅

c) Winter solstice

d) Summer solstice

Explanation: March 21 equinox is the Vernal equinox in the Northern Hemisphere.

Q107. The September equinox is also called:

a) Vernal equinox

b) Autumnal equinox ✅

c) Winter solstice

d) Summer solstice

Explanation: September 23 equinox is the Autumnal equinox in the Northern Hemisphere.

Q108. On equinox, the Sun is directly overhead at:

a) Tropic of Cancer

b) Tropic of Capricorn

c) Equator ✅

d) Arctic Circle

Explanation: Sun is overhead at the Equator during equinox.

Q109. Equinox marks the beginning of:

a) Summer and winter

b) Spring and autumn ✅

c) Rainy season

d) Ice Age

Explanation: Equinox marks the start of spring and autumn.

Q110. The length of day and night during equinox is:

a) 10 hours

b) 12 hours ✅

c) 14 hours

d) 24 hours

Explanation: Day and night are both 12 hours long during equinox.

Q111. The Equator passes through how many continents?

a) 2

b) 3

c) 4 ✅

d) 5

Explanation: Equator passes through South America, Africa, Asia, and Oceania.

Q112. The Equator passes through how many countries?

a) 5

b) 7

c) 13 ✅

d) 20

Explanation: Equator crosses 13 countries worldwide.

Q113. The Equator passes through which ocean?

a) Atlantic

b) Pacific

c) Indian

d) All of the above ✅

Explanation: Equator crosses Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans.

Q114. The Equator passes through which African countries?

a) Kenya, Uganda, Gabon ✅

b) Egypt, Sudan, Libya

c) South Africa, Namibia, Botswana

d) Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia

Explanation: Equator crosses Kenya, Uganda, Gabon, and others in Africa.

Q115. The Equator passes through which South American country?

a) Brazil ✅

b) Argentina

c) Chile

d) Peru

Explanation: Equator crosses northern Brazil.

Q116. The Equator passes through which Asian country?

a) India

b) Indonesia ✅

c) China

d) Japan

Explanation: Equator crosses Indonesia.

Q117. The Equator passes through which island nation?

a) Maldives

b) Kiribati ✅

c) Sri Lanka

d) Madagascar

Explanation: Equator crosses Kiribati in the Pacific.

Q118. The Equator is important for:

a) Time zones

b) Climate classification ✅

c) Longitude measurement

d) Ocean currents only

Explanation: Equator helps define tropical climate zones.

Q119. The Sun is overhead at the Equator during:

a) Solstices

b) Equinoxes ✅

c) Winter only

d) Summer only

Explanation: Sun is overhead at Equator during equinoxes.

Q120. Equinox occurs when:

a) Earth’s axis is tilted

b) Earth’s axis is not tilted toward or away from the Sun ✅

c) Earth is closest to the Sun

d) Earth is farthest from the Sun

Explanation: Equinox occurs when Earth’s axis is neutral relative to the Sun.

Q121. The Equator is approximately how long?

a) 20,000 km

b) 40,075 km ✅

c) 10,000 km

d) 50,000 km

Explanation: The Equator’s circumference is ~40,075 km.

Q122. The Equator passes through which South American countries?

a) Brazil, Ecuador, Colombia ✅

b) Argentina, Chile, Peru

c) Venezuela, Bolivia, Paraguay

d) Uruguay, Guyana, Suriname

Explanation: Equator crosses Brazil, Ecuador, and Colombia.

Q123. The Equator passes through which African countries besides Kenya and Uganda?

a) Gabon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo ✅

b) Egypt, Sudan, Libya

c) Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia

d) South Africa, Namibia, Botswana

Explanation: Equator crosses Gabon, Congo, and DRC.

Q124. The Equator passes through which Pacific island group?

a) Fiji

b) Kiribati ✅

c) Hawaii

d) Tonga

Explanation: Equator crosses Kiribati islands.

Q125. The Equator is significant because:

a) It divides Earth into time zones

b) It divides Earth into hemispheres ✅

c) It marks the poles

d) It defines longitude

Explanation: Equator divides Earth into Northern and Southern Hemispheres.

Q126. The Tropic of Cancer is located at:

a) 23.5° N ✅

b) 23.5° S

c) 66.5° N

d) 90° N

Explanation: Tropic of Cancer lies at 23.5° north latitude.

Q127. The Tropic of Capricorn is located at:

a) 23.5° N

b) 23.5° S ✅

c) 66.5° S

d) 90° S

Explanation: Tropic of Capricorn lies at 23.5° south latitude.

Q128. The Sun is directly overhead at the Tropic of Cancer during:

a) March equinox

b) June solstice ✅

c) September equinox

d) December solstice

Explanation: On June 21, the Sun is overhead at the Tropic of Cancer.

Q129. The Sun is directly overhead at the Tropic of Capricorn during:

a) March equinox

b) June solstice

c) September equinox

d) December solstice ✅

Explanation: On December 22, the Sun is overhead at the Tropic of Capricorn.

Q130. The Tropics mark the boundaries of:

a) Temperate zones

b) Torrid zone ✅

c) Frigid zones

d) Polar regions

Explanation: Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn define the torrid zone.

Q131. The Tropic of Cancer passes through how many countries?

a) 10 ✅

b) 5

c) 15

d) 20

Explanation: Tropic of Cancer crosses 10 countries including India, Mexico, Egypt.

Q132. The Tropic of Capricorn passes through how many countries?

a) 10

b) 7 ✅

c) 15

d) 20

Explanation: Tropic of Capricorn crosses 7 countries including Brazil, Australia, Chile.

Q133. The Tropic of Cancer passes through which Asian country?

a) India ✅

b) China

c) Japan

d) Indonesia

Explanation: Tropic of Cancer passes through India.

Q134. The Tropic of Capricorn passes through which South American country?

a) Argentina ✅

b) Colombia

c) Ecuador

d) Venezuela

Explanation: Tropic of Capricorn passes through Argentina.

Q135. The Tropic of Cancer passes through which North American country?

a) USA

b) Mexico ✅

c) Canada

d) Cuba

Explanation: Tropic of Cancer crosses Mexico.

Q136. The Tropic of Capricorn passes through which African country?

a) South Africa ✅

b) Egypt

c) Kenya

d) Nigeria

Explanation: Tropic of Capricorn passes through South Africa.

Q137. The Tropic of Cancer passes through which Middle Eastern country?

a) Saudi Arabia ✅

b) Iran

c) Iraq

d) Turkey

Explanation: Tropic of Cancer crosses Saudi Arabia.

Q138. The Tropic of Capricorn passes through which Oceanian country?

a) Australia ✅

b) New Zealand

c) Fiji

d) Papua New Guinea

Explanation: Tropic of Capricorn passes through Australia.

Q139. The Tropic of Cancer passes through which African countries?

a) Egypt, Libya ✅

b) Kenya, Uganda

c) South Africa, Namibia

d) Morocco, Algeria

Explanation: Tropic of Cancer crosses Egypt and Libya.

Q140. The Tropic of Capricorn passes through which South American countries?

a) Brazil, Chile, Paraguay ✅

b) Argentina, Colombia, Peru

c) Ecuador, Venezuela, Bolivia

d) Uruguay, Guyana, Suriname

Explanation: Tropic of Capricorn crosses Brazil, Chile, and Paraguay.

Q141. The Tropic of Cancer is significant because:

a) It marks the northern limit of direct Sun rays ✅

b) It marks the southern limit of direct Sun rays

c) It divides Earth into hemispheres

d) It defines longitude

Explanation: Tropic of Cancer marks the northernmost latitude where Sun is overhead.

Q142. The Tropic of Capricorn is significant because:

a) It marks the southern limit of direct Sun rays ✅

b) It marks the northern limit of direct Sun rays

c) It divides Earth into hemispheres

d) It defines longitude

Explanation: Tropic of Capricorn marks the southernmost latitude where Sun is overhead.

Q143. The Tropic of Cancer passes through which African desert?

a) Sahara ✅

b) Kalahari

c) Namib

d) Gobi

Explanation: Tropic of Cancer crosses the Sahara Desert.

Q144. The Tropic of Capricorn passes through which African desert?

a) Kalahari ✅

b) Sahara

c) Namib

d) Gobi

Explanation: Tropic of Capricorn crosses the Kalahari Desert.

Q145. The Tropic of Cancer passes through which Indian states?

a) Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal ✅

b) Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh

c) Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan

d) Assam, Nagaland, Manipur

Explanation: Tropic of Cancer crosses Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal, and others.

Q146. The Tropic of Capricorn passes through which Australian region?

a) Northern Territory

b) Queensland ✅

c) Victoria

d) Tasmania

Explanation: Tropic of Capricorn crosses Queensland in Australia.

Q147. The Tropic of Cancer is located in which hemisphere?

a) Northern Hemisphere ✅

b) Southern Hemisphere

c) Both

d) None

Explanation: Tropic of Cancer lies in the Northern Hemisphere.

Q148. The Tropic of Capricorn is located in which hemisphere?

a) Northern Hemisphere

b) Southern Hemisphere ✅

c) Both

d) None

Explanation: Tropic of Capricorn lies in the Southern Hemisphere.

Q149. The Tropics are important for:

a) Defining polar regions

b) Defining tropical climate zone ✅

c) Measuring longitude

d) Dividing time zones

Explanation: Tropics define the tropical climate zone between them.

Q150. The Tropic of Cancer passes through which South Asian country besides India?

a) Bangladesh ✅

b) Nepal

c) Bhutan

d) Sri Lanka

Explanation: Tropic of Cancer crosses Bangladesh in South Asia.

Q151. Day and night on Earth are caused by:

a) Revolution of Earth

b) Rotation of Earth ✅

c) Tilt of Earth’s axis

d) Movement of Moon

Explanation: Earth’s rotation on its axis causes day and night.

Q152. Earth completes one rotation in:

a) 12 hours

b) 24 hours ✅

c) 48 hours

d) 6 hours

Explanation: Earth rotates once every 24 hours.

Q153. Earth rotates from:

a) East to West

b) West to East ✅

c) North to South

d) South to North

Explanation: Earth rotates west to east, making the Sun appear to rise in the east.

Q154. The side of Earth facing the Sun experiences:

a) Night

b) Day ✅

c) Eclipse

d) Darkness

Explanation: The illuminated side of Earth experiences day.

Q155. The side of Earth away from the Sun experiences:

a) Day

b) Night ✅

c) Eclipse

d) Twilight

Explanation: The dark side of Earth experiences night.

Q156. The rotation of Earth is responsible for:

a) Seasons

b) Day and night ✅

c) Tides

d) Climate zones

Explanation: Rotation causes day and night; revolution causes seasons.

Q157. The Earth’s axis is tilted at:

a) 0°

b) 23.5° ✅

c) 45°

d) 90°

Explanation: Earth’s axis is tilted at 23.5°, affecting sunlight distribution.

Q158. The tilt of Earth’s axis causes:

a) Day and night

b) Seasons ✅

c) Tides

d) Rotation

Explanation: Tilt causes variation in sunlight, leading to seasons.

Q159. The duration of day and night at the Equator is:

a) Equal ✅

b) Unequal

c) Longer days

d) Longer nights

Explanation: Equator experiences nearly equal day and night throughout the year.

Q160. At the poles, during summer, the Sun:

a) Never rises

b) Never sets ✅

c) Rises and sets normally

d) Appears at noon only

Explanation: Polar regions experience continuous daylight in summer.

Q161. At the poles, during winter, the Sun:

a) Never rises ✅

b) Never sets

c) Rises and sets normally

d) Appears at noon only

Explanation: Polar regions experience continuous darkness in winter.

Q162. The apparent movement of the Sun across the sky is due to:

a) Revolution of Earth

b) Rotation of Earth ✅

c) Tilt of Earth’s axis

d) Movement of Moon

Explanation: Earth’s rotation makes the Sun appear to move east to west.

Q163. The time taken for Earth to rotate 360° is:

a) 24 hours ✅

b) 12 hours

c) 48 hours

d) 6 hours

Explanation: Earth rotates 360° in 24 hours.

Q164. The time taken for Earth to rotate 15° longitude is:

a) 1 hour ✅

b) 2 hours

c) 30 minutes

d) 4 minutes

Explanation: Earth rotates 15° longitude in 1 hour.

Q165. The time taken for Earth to rotate 1° longitude is:

a) 1 hour

b) 4 minutes ✅

c) 10 minutes

d) 15 minutes

Explanation: Earth rotates 1° longitude in 4 minutes.

Q166. The phenomenon of sunrise and sunset is due to:

a) Revolution of Earth

b) Rotation of Earth ✅

c) Tilt of Earth’s axis

d) Movement of Moon

Explanation: Rotation causes sunrise and sunset.

Q167. The longest day in the Northern Hemisphere occurs on:

a) March 21

b) June 21 ✅

c) September 23

d) December 22

Explanation: June solstice marks the longest day in the north.

Q168. The longest night in the Northern Hemisphere occurs on:

a) March 21

b) June 21

c) September 23

d) December 22 ✅

Explanation: December solstice marks the longest night in the north.

Q169. The equinox occurs when:

a) Day and night are equal ✅

b) Day is longer

c) Night is longer

d) Sun is overhead at Tropics

Explanation: Equinox means equal day and night.

Q170. The solstice occurs when:

a) Day and night are equal

b) Day and night are unequal ✅

c) Sun is overhead at Equator

d) Sun is overhead at poles

Explanation: Solstice marks longest day or longest night.

Q171. The Arctic Circle experiences 24 hours of daylight during:

a) June solstice ✅

b) December solstice

c) March equinox

d) September equinox

Explanation: Arctic Circle has continuous daylight in June.

Q172. The Antarctic Circle experiences 24 hours of daylight during:

a) June solstice

b) December solstice ✅

c) March equinox

d) September equinox

Explanation: Antarctic Circle has continuous daylight in December.

Q173. Twilight refers to:

a) Complete darkness

b) Light after sunset and before sunrise ✅

c) Noon

d) Midnight

Explanation: Twilight is the faint light before sunrise and after sunset.

Q174. Midnight Sun refers to:

a) Sun at noon

b) Sun visible at midnight ✅

c) Sun never rising

d) Sun never setting

Explanation: Midnight Sun occurs in polar regions during summer.

Q175. Polar Night refers to:

a) Sun visible at midnight

b) Continuous darkness in winter ✅

c) Continuous daylight in summer

d) Twilight

Explanation: Polar Night occurs in polar regions during winter.

Q176. Tides are caused mainly by:

a) Earth’s rotation

b) Gravitational pull of Moon ✅

c) Gravitational pull of Mars

d) Earth’s revolution

Explanation: The Moon’s gravity is the primary cause of tides on Earth.

Q177. The Sun also influences tides due to:

a) Its heat

b) Its gravitational pull ✅

c) Its radiation

d) Its rotation

Explanation: The Sun’s gravity also affects tides, though less than the Moon.

Q178. High tide occurs when:

a) Water level falls

b) Water level rises ✅

c) Moon is absent

d) Sun is overhead

Explanation: High tide is the rise of sea level due to gravitational pull.

Q179. Low tide (ebb) occurs when:

a) Water level rises

b) Water level falls ✅

c) Moon is overhead

d) Sun is overhead

Explanation: Low tide is the fall of sea level.

Q180. Spring tides occur during:

a) Full moon and new moon ✅

b) Quarter moon

c) Equinox

d) Solstice

Explanation: Sun, Moon, and Earth align during full/new moon, causing strong tides.

Q181. Neap tides occur during:

a) Full moon

b) Quarter moon ✅

c) New moon

d) Solstice

Explanation: Sun and Moon are at right angles during quarter moon, causing weak tides.

Q182. The interval between two high tides is about:

a) 6 hours ✅

b) 12 hours

c) 24 hours

d) 3 hours

Explanation: High tides occur roughly every 12 hours, so interval is ~6 hours.

Q183. The interval between two low tides is about:

a) 6 hours ✅

b) 12 hours

c) 24 hours

d) 3 hours

Explanation: Low tides also occur ~6 hours apart.

Q184. The time between a high tide and the next low tide is:

a) 6 hours

b) 12 hours

c) 6 hours / 2 = 3 hours ✅

d) 24 hours

Explanation: High tide to low tide interval is ~6 hours ÷ 2 = 3 hours.

Q185. Tides are important for:

a) Agriculture

b) Navigation ✅

c) Astronomy

d) Climate

Explanation: Tides affect navigation, fishing, and coastal activities.

Q186. The Bay of Fundy in Canada is famous for:

a) Weak tides

b) Highest tides in the world ✅

c) No tides

d) Neap tides only

Explanation: Bay of Fundy experiences the world’s highest tidal range.

Q187. The gravitational force of the Moon is strongest on:

a) The side of Earth facing the Moon ✅

b) The side opposite the Moon

c) Equator

d) Poles

Explanation: The side facing the Moon experiences stronger gravitational pull.

Q188. The opposite side of Earth also experiences high tide due to:

a) Centrifugal force ✅

b) Gravity of Sun

c) Earth’s rotation

d) Equator

Explanation: Centrifugal force causes a second high tide opposite the Moon.

Q189. The tidal range is the difference between:

a) High tide and low tide ✅

b) Spring tide and neap tide

c) Day and night

d) Equinox and solstice

Explanation: Tidal range is the vertical difference between high and low tide.

Q190. Spring tides are:

a) Weak

b) Strong ✅

c) Absent

d) Equal

Explanation: Spring tides are the strongest tides.

Q191. Neap tides are:

a) Strong

b) Weak ✅

c) Absent

d) Equal

Explanation: Neap tides are the weakest tides.

Q192. Tides occur due to:

a) Gravitational pull of Moon and Sun ✅

b) Earth’s rotation only

c) Earth’s revolution only

d) Ocean currents

Explanation: Tides are caused by combined gravitational pull of Moon and Sun.

Q193. The tidal cycle repeats approximately every:

a) 12 hours

b) 24 hours 50 minutes ✅

c) 24 hours

d) 48 hours

Explanation: Tidal cycle is ~24 hours 50 minutes due to Moon’s orbit.

Q194. The highest tides occur when:

a) Sun, Moon, Earth are aligned ✅

b) Sun and Moon are at right angles

c) Earth is tilted

d) Equinox occurs

Explanation: Alignment causes spring tides, the highest tides.

Q195. The weakest tides occur when:

a) Sun, Moon, Earth are aligned

b) Sun and Moon are at right angles ✅

c) Equinox occurs

d) Solstice occurs

Explanation: Right angle position causes neap tides, the weakest tides.

Q196. Tides are useful for:

a) Generating electricity ✅

b) Growing crops

c) Mining

d) Astronomy

Explanation: Tidal energy can be harnessed for electricity.

Q197. Tides influence:

a) Ocean currents ✅

b) Earth’s rotation

c) Latitude

d) Longitude

Explanation: Tides affect coastal currents and ecosystems.

Q198. Tides are higher in:

a) Open oceans

b) Narrow bays ✅

c) Deserts

d) Mountains

Explanation: Narrow bays amplify tidal range.

Q199. Tides are lowest in:

a) Narrow bays

b) Open oceans ✅

c) Rivers

d) Lakes

Explanation: Open oceans have smaller tidal ranges compared to bays.

Q200. The study of tides is called:

a) Seismology

b) Oceanography ✅

c) Geography

d) Astronomy

Explanation: Oceanography studies tides, currents, and marine processes.

Q201. Which theory suggests planets formed from a collision between the Sun and another star?

a) Nebular Hypothesis

b) Tidal Hypothesis ✅

c) Planetesimal Hypothesis

d) Big Bang Theory

Explanation: Jeans and Jeffreys proposed the Tidal Hypothesis, where another star pulled matter from the Sun.

Q202. Which evidence supports the Big Bang Theory?

a) Fossil records

b) Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation ✅

c) Plate tectonics

d) Seismic waves

Explanation: CMB radiation is a remnant of the Big Bang.

Q203. The steady state theory was challenged by:

a) Discovery of fossils

b) Discovery of cosmic microwave background ✅

c) Discovery of coal deposits

d) Discovery of earthquakes

Explanation: CMB radiation supported the Big Bang, not steady state.

Q204. The Hadean Eon is characterized by:

a) Stable continents

b) Formation of Earth’s crust ✅

c) Rise of mammals

d) Ice Age

Explanation: Hadean Eon marked Earth’s earliest crust formation.

Q205. The Archean Eon is significant for:

a) First multicellular life

b) First continental crust ✅

c) Extinction of dinosaurs

d) Rise of mammals

Explanation: Archean saw the formation of continental crust.

Q206. The Proterozoic Eon is marked by:

a) First multicellular organisms ✅

b) Rise of dinosaurs

c) Ice Age

d) Cambrian explosion

Explanation: Proterozoic saw multicellular life emerge.

Q207. The Cambrian explosion occurred about:

a) 541 million years ago ✅

b) 250 million years ago

c) 65 million years ago

d) 4 billion years ago

Explanation: Cambrian explosion marked rapid diversification of life ~541 mya.

Q208. The Permian extinction wiped out:

a) Dinosaurs

b) ~90% of marine species ✅

c) Mammals

d) Birds

Explanation: Permian extinction was Earth’s largest mass extinction.

Q209. The Mesozoic era lasted from:

a) 250 to 65 million years ago ✅

b) 541 to 250 million years ago

c) 65 million years ago to present

d) 4 billion years ago

Explanation: Mesozoic era spanned 250–65 mya.

Q210. The Cenozoic era began:

a) 65 million years ago ✅

b) 250 million years ago

c) 541 million years ago

d) 4 billion years ago

Explanation: Cenozoic began after dinosaur extinction ~65 mya.

Q211. The Paleozoic era ended with:

a) Cambrian explosion

b) Permian extinction ✅

c) Rise of mammals

d) Ice Age

Explanation: Paleozoic ended with the Permian extinction.

Q212. The Jurassic period is famous for:

a) Rise of mammals

b) Dinosaurs ✅

c) First multicellular life

d) Ice Age

Explanation: Dinosaurs dominated the Jurassic period.

Q213. The Quaternary period is marked by:

a) Rise of mammals

b) Ice Ages ✅

c) Dinosaurs

d) Cambrian explosion

Explanation: Quaternary period saw repeated Ice Ages.

Q214. The Devonian period is called:

a) Age of Fish ✅

b) Age of Mammals

c) Age of Dinosaurs

d) Age of Amphibians

Explanation: Devonian saw diversification of fishes.

Q215. The Carboniferous period is known for:

a) Coal forests ✅

b) Dinosaurs

c) Mammals

d) Ice Age

Explanation: Carboniferous had swamp forests forming coal deposits.

Q216. The Triassic period is significant for:

a) Rise of dinosaurs ✅

b) Rise of mammals

c) Cambrian explosion

d) Ice Age

Explanation: Dinosaurs first appeared in the Triassic.

Q217. The Cretaceous period ended with:

a) Cambrian explosion

b) Dinosaur extinction ✅

c) Rise of mammals

d) Ice Age

Explanation: Dinosaurs went extinct at the end of the Cretaceous.

Q218. The Ordovician period is marked by:

a) First vertebrates ✅

b) Dinosaurs

c) Mammals

d) Ice Age

Explanation: Ordovician saw the first vertebrate animals.

Q219. The Silurian period is marked by:

a) First land plants ✅

b) Dinosaurs

c) Mammals

d) Ice Age

Explanation: Silurian saw the emergence of land plants.

Q220. The Precambrian covers:

a) 88% of Earth’s history ✅

b) 50% of Earth’s history

c) 25% of Earth’s history

d) 10% of Earth’s history

Explanation: Precambrian spans ~4 billion years, ~88% of Earth’s history.

Q221. The Big Bang occurred about:

a) 13.8 billion years ago ✅

b) 4.6 billion years ago

c) 541 million years ago

d) 65 million years ago

Explanation: Universe formed ~13.8 billion years ago.

Q222. The Solar System formed about:

a) 4.6 billion years ago ✅

b) 13.8 billion years ago

c) 541 million years ago

d) 65 million years ago

Explanation: Solar System formed ~4.6 billion years ago.

Q223. The Earth formed about:

a) 4.5 billion years ago ✅

b) 13.8 billion years ago

c) 541 million years ago

d) 65 million years ago

Explanation: Earth formed ~4.5 billion years ago.

Q224. The first life appeared about:

a) 3.5 billion years ago ✅

b) 541 million years ago

c) 65 million years ago

d) 250 million years ago

Explanation: Microbial life appeared ~3.5 billion years ago.

Q225. The first multicellular organisms appeared about:

a) 1.5 billion years ago ✅

b) 541 million years ago

c) 65 million years ago

d) 250 million years ago

Explanation: Multicellular life appeared ~1.5 billion years ago.

Q226. The density of Earth increases with depth because:

a) Pressure and composition ✅

b) Rotation

c) Latitude

d) Climate

Explanation: Pressure and heavier elements increase density toward the core.

Q227. The average density of Earth is:

a) 2.5 g/cm³

b) 5.5 g/cm³ ✅

c) 10 g/cm³

d) 1 g/cm³

Explanation: Earth’s average density is ~5.5 g/cm³.

Q228. The crust is thicker under:

a) Oceans

b) Continents ✅

c) Poles

d) Equator

Explanation: Continental crust is thicker than oceanic crust.

Q229. The crust is thinner under:

a) Oceans ✅

b) Continents

c) Mountains

d) Deserts

Explanation: Oceanic crust is thinner (~5–10 km).

Q230. The mantle is composed mainly of:

a) Basalt

b) Peridotite ✅

c) Granite

d) Sandstone

Explanation: Mantle rocks are mainly peridotite.

Q231. The outer core generates Earth’s:

a) Rotation

b) Magnetic field ✅

c) Latitude

d) Climate

Explanation: Movement of liquid iron in the outer core generates geomagnetism.

Q232. The inner core remains solid because of:

a) Low temperature

b) High pressure ✅

c) Rotation

d) Gravity

Explanation: Immense pressure keeps the inner core solid.

Q233. The Mohorovičić discontinuity separates:

a) Crust and mantle ✅

b) Mantle and core

c) Outer and inner core

d) Lithosphere and asthenosphere

Explanation: Moho separates crust from mantle.

Q234. The Gutenberg discontinuity separates:

a) Crust and mantle

b) Mantle and core ✅

c) Outer and inner core

d) Lithosphere and asthenosphere

Explanation: Gutenberg discontinuity lies at ~2,900 km depth.

Q235. The Lehmann discontinuity separates:

a) Crust and mantle

b) Mantle and core

c) Outer and inner core ✅

d) Lithosphere and asthenosphere

Explanation: Lehmann discontinuity separates liquid outer core and solid inner core.

Q236. The lithosphere is broken into:

a) Continents

b) Tectonic plates ✅

c) Oceans

d) Mountains

Explanation: Lithosphere consists of tectonic plates.

Q237. The asthenosphere allows plates to move because:

a) It is rigid

b) It is partially molten ✅

c) It is solid

d) It is gaseous

Explanation: Asthenosphere is weak and partially molten.

Q238. Earth’s magnetic field protects against:

a) Earthquakes

b) Solar radiation ✅

c) Gravity

d) Rotation

Explanation: Magnetic field shields Earth from harmful solar radiation.

Q239. The crust is mainly composed of:

a) Oxygen and silicon ✅

b) Iron and nickel

c) Carbon and hydrogen

d) Sodium and potassium

Explanation: Crust is rich in silicate minerals.

Q240. The mantle is mainly composed of:

a) Oxygen, silicon, magnesium ✅

b) Iron and nickel

c) Carbon and hydrogen

d) Sodium and potassium

Explanation: Mantle rocks are silicate minerals with magnesium and iron.

Q241. The core is mainly composed of:

a) Iron and nickel ✅

b) Oxygen and silicon

c) Carbon and hydrogen

d) Sodium and potassium

Explanation: Core is rich in iron and nickel.

Q242. Seismic waves change speed due to:

a) Rotation

b) Density differences ✅

c) Latitude

d) Climate

Explanation: Seismic waves vary with density and composition of layers.

Q243. P-waves are also called:

a) Primary waves ✅

b) Secondary waves

c) Surface waves

d) Love waves

Explanation: P-waves are primary compressional waves.

Q244. S-waves are also called:

a) Primary waves

b) Secondary waves ✅

c) Surface waves

d) Love waves

Explanation: S-waves are secondary shear waves.

Q245. Surface waves cause:

a) Minor shaking

b) Maximum destruction ✅

c) No effect

d) Rotation

Explanation: Surface waves cause the most damage during earthquakes.

Q246. The crust constitutes about:

a) 1% of Earth’s volume ✅

b) 10%

c) 25%

d) 50%

Explanation: Crust is very thin, ~1% of Earth’s volume.

Q247. The mantle constitutes about:

a) 84% of Earth’s volume ✅

b) 50%

c) 25%

d) 10%

Explanation: Mantle makes up ~84% of Earth’s volume.

Q248. The core constitutes about:

a) 15% of Earth’s volume ✅

b) 50%

c) 25%

d) 10%

Explanation: Core makes up ~15% of Earth’s volume.

Q249. The study of Earth’s interior using seismic waves is called:

a) Seismology ✅

b) Geography

c) Astronomy

d) Meteorology

Explanation: Seismology studies earthquakes and Earth’s interior.

Q250. The study of Earth’s magnetic field is called:

a) Geomagnetism ✅

b) Seismology

c) Geography

d) Astronomy

Explanation: Geomagnetism focuses on Earth’s magnetic field.

Q251. Latitude is measured from:

a) Equator ✅

b) Prime Meridian

c) Poles

d) International Date Line

Explanation: Latitude is measured north or south from the Equator.

Q252. The latitude of the Tropic of Cancer is:

a) 0°

b) 23.5° N ✅

c) 23.5° S

d) 66.5° N

Explanation: Tropic of Cancer lies at 23.5° north latitude.

Q253. The latitude of the Tropic of Capricorn is:

a) 0°

b) 23.5° S ✅

c) 23.5° N

d) 66.5° S

Explanation: Tropic of Capricorn lies at 23.5° south latitude.

Q254. The latitude of the Arctic Circle is:

a) 23.5° N

b) 66.5° N ✅

c) 90° N

d) 0°

Explanation: Arctic Circle lies at 66.5° north latitude.

Q255. The latitude of the Antarctic Circle is:

a) 23.5° S

b) 66.5° S ✅

c) 90° S

d) 0°

Explanation: Antarctic Circle lies at 66.5° south latitude.

Q256. Latitude influences:

a) Climate ✅

b) Time zones

c) Rotation

d) Longitude

Explanation: Latitude determines solar radiation received, affecting climate.

Q257. The Equator is the only latitude that is:

a) Small circle

b) Great circle ✅

c) Meridian

d) Parallel of longitude

Explanation: Equator is the only latitude that is a great circle.

Q258. Latitude values increase from:

a) Equator to poles ✅

b) Poles to Equator

c) Prime Meridian to poles

d) Equator to Tropics

Explanation: Latitude increases from 0° at Equator to 90° at poles.

Q259. The latitude of the North Pole is:

a) 0°

b) 23.5° N

c) 66.5° N

d) 90° N ✅

Explanation: North Pole lies at 90° north latitude.

Q260. The latitude of the South Pole is:

a) 0°

b) 23.5° S

c) 66.5° S

d) 90° S ✅

Explanation: South Pole lies at 90° south latitude.

Q261. Latitude lines run:

a) North–South

b) East–West ✅

c) Diagonal

d) Random

Explanation: Latitude lines run parallel to the Equator, east–west direction.

Q262. Latitude helps in locating:

a) East–West position

b) North–South position ✅

c) Time zones

d) Ocean currents

Explanation: Latitude determines north–south position of a place.

Q263. The frigid zones lie between:

a) Tropics

b) Poles and Arctic/Antarctic Circles ✅

c) Equator and Tropics

d) Equator and poles

Explanation: Frigid zones are near the poles beyond 66.5° latitude.

Q264. The temperate zones lie between:

a) Tropics and Circles ✅

b) Equator and Tropics

c) Tropics only

d) Poles only

Explanation: Temperate zones lie between Tropics and Arctic/Antarctic Circles.

Q265. Latitude is important for:

a) Measuring time

b) Determining climate zones ✅

c) Measuring Earth’s rotation

d) Determining longitude

Explanation: Latitude helps classify Earth into climatic zones.

Q266. Which latitude passes through India?

a) Tropic of Capricorn

b) Tropic of Cancer ✅

c) Equator

d) Arctic Circle

Explanation: Tropic of Cancer passes through central India.

Q267. Which latitude passes through Africa almost centrally?

a) Equator ✅

b) Tropic of Cancer

c) Tropic of Capricorn

d) Arctic Circle

Explanation: Equator runs through central Africa.

Q268. Latitude is measured in:

a) Degrees ✅

b) Kilometers

c) Hours

d) Minutes only

Explanation: Latitude is measured in degrees north or south of Equator.

Q269. Latitude lines are also called:

a) Meridians

b) Parallels ✅

c) Equinoxes

d) Tropics

Explanation: Latitude lines run parallel to the Equator.

Q270. The maximum latitude value is:

a) 90° ✅

b) 180°

c) 360°

d) 45°

Explanation: Latitude ranges from 0° at the Equator to 90° at the poles.

Q271. Which latitude receives direct sunlight during equinoxes?

a) Tropic of Cancer

b) Tropic of Capricorn

c) Equator ✅

d) Arctic Circle

Explanation: Sun is overhead at the Equator during equinoxes.

Q272. Latitude influences the length of:

a) Day and night ✅

b) Longitude

c) Rotation

d) Ocean currents

Explanation: Latitude affects variation in day length across seasons.

Q273. Latitude is measured from:

a) Prime Meridian

b) Equator ✅

c) Poles

d) International Date Line

Explanation: Latitude is measured north or south from the Equator.

Q274. Which latitude is the longest circle?

a) Equator ✅

b) Tropic of Cancer

c) Tropic of Capricorn

d) Arctic Circle

Explanation: Equator is the longest latitude circle.

Q275. Latitude helps in determining:

a) Position north or south of Equator ✅

b) Position east or west of Prime Meridian

c) Time zones only

d) Ocean currents only

Explanation: Latitude determines north–south position of a place.

Q276. Longitude is measured from:

a) Prime Meridian ✅

b) Equator

c) Poles

d) International Date Line

Explanation: Longitude is measured east or west from the Prime Meridian.

Q277. The Prime Meridian passes through:

a) Paris

b) Greenwich ✅

c) New York

d) Tokyo

Explanation: The Prime Meridian is at Greenwich, England.

Q278. The maximum longitude value is:

a) 90°

b) 180° ✅

c) 360°

d) 45°

Explanation: Longitude ranges from 0° to 180° east and west.

Q279. Longitudes converge at:

a) Equator

b) Poles ✅

c) Tropics

d) Circles

Explanation: Longitudes meet at the poles.

Q280. Longitudes are also called:

a) Parallels

b) Meridians ✅

c) Tropics

d) Equinoxes

Explanation: Longitudes are meridians running pole to pole.

Q281. The International Date Line deviates to avoid:

a) Oceans

b) Countries and islands ✅

c) Tropics

d) Equator

Explanation: The Date Line zigzags to avoid splitting countries.

Q282. The longitude opposite Greenwich is:

a) 90° E

b) 180° ✅

c) 23.5° W

d) 45° E

Explanation: 180° longitude is opposite the Prime Meridian.

Q283. The Earth rotates 360° in:

a) 12 hours

b) 24 hours ✅

c) 48 hours

d) 6 hours

Explanation: Earth completes one rotation in 24 hours.

Q284. The Earth rotates 15° longitude in:

a) 1 hour ✅

b) 2 hours

c) 30 minutes

d) 4 minutes

Explanation: Earth rotates 15° longitude per hour.

Q285. The Earth rotates 1° longitude in:

a) 1 hour

b) 4 minutes ✅

c) 10 minutes

d) 15 minutes

Explanation: Earth rotates 1° longitude in 4 minutes.

Q286. The longitude of India’s standard meridian is:

a) 82.5° E ✅

b) 90° E

c) 75° E

d) 60° E

Explanation: IST is based on 82.5° east longitude.

Q287. The longitude of New Delhi is approximately:

a) 77° E ✅

b) 82.5° E

c) 90° E

d) 60° E

Explanation: New Delhi lies near 77° east longitude.

Q288. The longitude of New York is approximately:

a) 74° W ✅

b) 82.5° E

c) 90° E

d) 60° W

Explanation: New York lies near 74° west longitude.

Q289. The longitude of Tokyo is approximately:

a) 140° E ✅

b) 82.5° E

c) 90° W

d) 180°

Explanation: Tokyo lies near 140° east longitude.

Q290. The longitude of London is approximately:

a) 0° ✅

b) 23.5° W

c) 90° E

d) 180°

Explanation: London lies near the Prime Meridian.

Q291. The longitude of Sydney is approximately:

a) 151° E ✅

b) 82.5° E

c) 90° W

d) 180°

Explanation: Sydney lies near 151° east longitude.

Q292. The longitude of Rio de Janeiro is approximately:

a) 43° W ✅

b) 82.5° E

c) 90° E

d) 180°

Explanation: Rio de Janeiro lies near 43° west longitude.

Q293. The longitude of Moscow is approximately:

a) 37° E ✅

b) 82.5° E

c) 90° W

d) 180°

Explanation: Moscow lies near 37° east longitude.

Q294. The longitude of Cape Town is approximately:

a) 18° E ✅

b) 82.5° E

c) 90° W

d) 180°

Explanation: Cape Town lies near 18° east longitude.

Q295. The longitude of Beijing is approximately:

a) 116° E ✅

b) 82.5° E

c) 90° W

d) 180°

Explanation: Beijing lies near 116° east longitude.

Q296. The longitude of Washington, D.C. is approximately:

a) 77° W ✅

b) 82.5° E

c) 90° E

d) 180°

Explanation: Washington, D.C. lies near 77° west longitude.

Q297. The longitude of Cairo is approximately:

a) 31° E ✅

b) 82.5° E

c) 90° W

d) 180°

Explanation: Cairo lies near 31° east longitude.

Q298. The longitude of Paris is approximately:

a) 2° E ✅

b) 82.5° E

c) 90° W

d) 180°

Explanation: Paris lies near 2° east longitude.

Q299. The longitude of Mexico City is approximately:

a) 99° W ✅

b) 82.5° E

c) 90° E

d) 180°

Explanation: Mexico City lies near 99° west longitude.

Q300. The longitude of Rome is approximately:

a) 12° E ✅

b) 82.5° E

c) 90° W

d) 180°

Explanation: Rome lies near 12° east longitude.

Q301. Equinox occurs when:

a) Earth’s axis is tilted toward the Sun

b) Earth’s axis is not tilted toward or away from the Sun ✅

c) Earth is closest to the Sun

d) Earth is farthest from the Sun

Explanation: Equinox happens when Earth’s axis is neutral relative to the Sun.

Q302. During equinox, the Sun is overhead at:

a) Tropic of Cancer

b) Tropic of Capricorn

c) Equator ✅

d) Arctic Circle

Explanation: Sun is overhead at the Equator during equinox.

Q303. The Vernal Equinox occurs on:

a) June 21

b) March 21 ✅

c) September 23

d) December 22

Explanation: Vernal Equinox occurs around March 21 in the Northern Hemisphere.

Q304. The Autumnal Equinox occurs on:

a) June 21

b) March 21

c) September 23 ✅

d) December 22

Explanation: Autumnal Equinox occurs around September 23 in the Northern Hemisphere.

Q305. Equinox means:

a) Equal day and night ✅

b) Longer day

c) Longer night

d) Sun overhead at Tropics

Explanation: Equinox means equal length of day and night.

Q306. The Equator passes through how many continents?

a) 2

b) 3

c) 4 ✅

d) 5

Explanation: Equator passes through South America, Africa, Asia, and Oceania.

Q307. The Equator passes through how many countries?

a) 5

b) 7

c) 13 ✅

d) 20

Explanation: Equator crosses 13 countries worldwide.

Q308. The Equator passes through which South American countries?

a) Brazil, Ecuador, Colombia ✅

b) Argentina, Chile, Peru

c) Venezuela, Bolivia, Paraguay

d) Uruguay, Guyana, Suriname

Explanation: Equator crosses Brazil, Ecuador, and Colombia.

Q309. The Equator passes through which African countries?

a) Kenya, Uganda, Gabon ✅

b) Egypt, Sudan, Libya

c) South Africa, Namibia, Botswana

d) Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia

Explanation: Equator crosses Kenya, Uganda, Gabon, and others.

Q310. The Equator passes through which Asian country?

a) India

b) Indonesia ✅

c) China

d) Japan

Explanation: Equator crosses Indonesia.

Q311. The Equator passes through which Pacific island nation?

a) Fiji

b) Kiribati ✅

c) Hawaii

d) Tonga

Explanation: Equator crosses Kiribati in the Pacific.

Q312. The length of the Equator is approximately:

a) 20,000 km

b) 40,075 km ✅

c) 10,000 km

d) 50,000 km

Explanation: The Equator’s circumference is ~40,075 km.

Q313. The Sun is overhead at the Equator during:

a) Solstices

b) Equinoxes ✅

c) Winter only

d) Summer only

Explanation: Sun is overhead at Equator during equinoxes.

Q314. Equinox marks the beginning of:

a) Summer and winter

b) Spring and autumn ✅

c) Rainy season

d) Ice Age

Explanation: Equinox marks the start of spring and autumn.

Q315. The Equator divides Earth into:

a) Eastern and Western Hemispheres

b) Northern and Southern Hemispheres ✅

c) Tropics

d) Time zones

Explanation: Equator divides Earth into Northern and Southern Hemispheres.

Q316. The Equator is significant for:

a) Longitude measurement

b) Climate classification ✅

c) Polar regions

d) Time zones

Explanation: Equator helps define tropical climate zones.

Q317. The Equator crosses which ocean?

a) Atlantic

b) Pacific

c) Indian

d) All of the above ✅

Explanation: Equator crosses Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans.

Q318. During equinox, the length of day and night is:

a) 10 hours

b) 12 hours ✅

c) 14 hours

d) 24 hours

Explanation: Day and night are both 12 hours long during equinox.

Q319. The March equinox is called:

a) Vernal Equinox ✅

b) Autumnal Equinox

c) Winter Solstice

d) Summer Solstice

Explanation: March equinox is Vernal Equinox in the Northern Hemisphere.

Q320. The September equinox is called:

a) Vernal Equinox

b) Autumnal Equinox ✅

c) Winter Solstice

d) Summer Solstice

Explanation: September equinox is Autumnal Equinox in the Northern Hemisphere.

Q321. Equinox occurs:

a) Once a year

b) Twice a year ✅

c) Four times a year

d) Every month

Explanation: Equinox occurs twice annually — March and September.

Q322. The Equator is the only latitude that is:

a) Small circle

b) Great circle ✅

c) Meridian

d) Parallel of longitude

Explanation: Equator is the only latitude that is a great circle.

Q323. The Equator passes through which African desert?

a) Sahara

b) Congo Basin ✅

c) Namib

d) Kalahari

Explanation: Equator crosses the Congo Basin region in Africa.

Q324. The Equator passes through which South American rainforest?

a) Amazon ✅

b) Pampas

c) Andes

d) Patagonia

Explanation: Equator crosses the Amazon rainforest in Brazil.

Q325. Equinox is important because:

a) It defines polar regions

b) It marks equal day and night ✅

c) It defines longitude

d) It marks solstices

Explanation: Equinox marks equal day and night across the globe.

Q326. The Tropic of Cancer passes through how many Indian states?

a) 5

b) 8 ✅

c) 10

d) 12

Explanation: Tropic of Cancer crosses 8 Indian states including Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura, Mizoram.

Q327. The Tropic of Capricorn passes through how many South American countries?

a) 2

b) 3 ✅

c) 4

d) 5

Explanation: Tropic of Capricorn crosses Brazil, Paraguay, and Chile in South America.

Q328. The Tropic of Cancer passes through which Middle Eastern desert?

a) Gobi

b) Arabian ✅

c) Sahara

d) Kalahari

Explanation: Tropic of Cancer crosses the Arabian Desert.

Q329. The Tropic of Capricorn passes through which South American desert?

a) Atacama ✅

b) Sahara

c) Namib

d) Kalahari

Explanation: Tropic of Capricorn crosses the Atacama Desert in Chile.

Q330. The Tropic of Cancer is significant for:

a) Northern limit of vertical Sun rays ✅

b) Southern limit of vertical Sun rays

c) Equinox

d) Polar regions

Explanation: Tropic of Cancer marks the northernmost latitude where Sun is overhead.

Q331. The Tropic of Capricorn is significant for:

a) Southern limit of vertical Sun rays ✅

b) Northern limit of vertical Sun rays

c) Equinox

d) Polar regions

Explanation: Tropic of Capricorn marks the southernmost latitude where Sun is overhead.

Q332. The Tropic of Cancer passes through which African countries?

a) Algeria, Niger, Mali ✅

b) Kenya, Uganda, Gabon

c) South Africa, Namibia, Botswana

d) Egypt, Sudan, Libya

Explanation: Tropic of Cancer crosses Algeria, Niger, and Mali.

Q333. The Tropic of Capricorn passes through which African countries?

a) Namibia, Botswana, South Africa ✅

b) Egypt, Sudan, Libya

c) Algeria, Niger, Mali

d) Kenya, Uganda, Gabon

Explanation: Tropic of Capricorn crosses Namibia, Botswana, and South Africa.

Q334. The Tropic of Cancer passes through which Asian countries besides India?

a) Saudi Arabia, Bangladesh, Myanmar ✅

b) China, Japan, Korea

c) Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka

d) Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines

Explanation: Tropic of Cancer crosses Saudi Arabia, Bangladesh, and Myanmar.

Q335. The Tropic of Capricorn passes through which Oceanian country?

a) Australia ✅

b) New Zealand

c) Fiji

d) Papua New Guinea

Explanation: Tropic of Capricorn passes through Australia.

Q336. The Tropic of Cancer passes through which North American country?

a) Mexico ✅

b) USA

c) Canada

d) Cuba

Explanation: Tropic of Cancer crosses Mexico.

Q337. The Tropic of Capricorn passes through which South American country besides Brazil?

a) Argentina ✅

b) Colombia

c) Ecuador

d) Venezuela

Explanation: Tropic of Capricorn crosses Argentina.

Q338. The Tropic of Cancer is located in which hemisphere?

a) Northern Hemisphere ✅

b) Southern Hemisphere

c) Both

d) None

Explanation: Tropic of Cancer lies in the Northern Hemisphere.

Q339. The Tropic of Capricorn is located in which hemisphere?

a) Northern Hemisphere

b) Southern Hemisphere ✅

c) Both

d) None

Explanation: Tropic of Capricorn lies in the Southern Hemisphere.

Q340. The Tropics define the boundaries of:

a) Torrid zone ✅

b) Temperate zone

c) Frigid zone

d) Polar regions

Explanation: Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn define the torrid zone.

Q341. The Tropic of Cancer passes through which Indian state in the northeast?

a) Mizoram ✅

b) Assam

c) Nagaland

d) Manipur

Explanation: Tropic of Cancer crosses Mizoram in northeast India.

Q342. The Tropic of Capricorn passes through which Australian state?

a) Queensland ✅

b) Victoria

c) Tasmania

d) New South Wales

Explanation: Tropic of Capricorn crosses Queensland.

Q343. The Tropic of Cancer passes through which African desert besides Sahara?

a) Thar

b) Libyan ✅

c) Namib

d) Kalahari

Explanation: Tropic of Cancer crosses the Libyan Desert.

Q344. The Tropic of Capricorn passes through which African desert besides Kalahari?

a) Namib ✅

b) Sahara

c) Arabian

d) Gobi

Explanation: Tropic of Capricorn crosses the Namib Desert.

Q345. The Tropic of Cancer passes through which Asian desert?

a) Gobi ✅

b) Sahara

c) Namib

d) Kalahari

Explanation: Tropic of Cancer crosses the Gobi Desert in China.

Q346. The Tropic of Capricorn passes through which South American plateau?

a) Brazilian Highlands ✅

b) Deccan Plateau

c) Tibetan Plateau

d) Colorado Plateau

Explanation: Tropic of Capricorn crosses the Brazilian Highlands.

Q347. The Tropic of Cancer passes through which Indian state known for Gir National Park?

a) Gujarat ✅

b) Rajasthan

c) Madhya Pradesh

d) West Bengal

Explanation: Tropic of Cancer crosses Gujarat.

Q348. The Tropic of Capricorn passes through which South American country known for Iguazu Falls?

a) Paraguay ✅

b) Chile

c) Argentina

d) Brazil

Explanation: Tropic of Capricorn crosses Paraguay.

Q349. The Tropic of Cancer passes through which Indian state known for Sundarbans?

a) West Bengal ✅

b) Gujarat

c) Rajasthan

d) Madhya Pradesh

Explanation: Tropic of Cancer crosses West Bengal.

Q350. The Tropic of Capricorn passes through which South American country known for Atacama Desert?

a) Chile ✅

b) Argentina

c) Brazil

d) Paraguay

Explanation: Tropic of Capricorn crosses Chile, home to the Atacama Desert.

Q351. Day and night are caused by:

a) Revolution of Earth

b) Rotation of Earth ✅

c) Tilt of Earth’s axis

d) Movement of Moon

Explanation: Earth’s rotation on its axis causes day and night.

Q352. The Earth rotates once every:

a) 12 hours

b) 24 hours ✅

c) 48 hours

d) 6 hours

Explanation: Earth completes one rotation in 24 hours.

Q353. The Earth rotates from:

a) East to West

b) West to East ✅

c) North to South

d) South to North

Explanation: Earth rotates west to east, making the Sun appear to rise in the east.

Q354. The side of Earth facing the Sun experiences:

a) Night

b) Day ✅

c) Eclipse

d) Darkness

Explanation: The illuminated side of Earth experiences day.

Q355. The side of Earth away from the Sun experiences:

a) Day

b) Night ✅

c) Eclipse

d) Twilight

Explanation: The dark side of Earth experiences night.

Q356. The tilt of Earth’s axis causes:

a) Day and night

b) Seasons ✅

c) Tides

d) Rotation

Explanation: Tilt causes variation in sunlight, leading to seasons.

Q357. At the Equator, the duration of day and night is:

a) Equal ✅

b) Unequal

c) Longer days

d) Longer nights

Explanation: Equator experiences nearly equal day and night throughout the year.

Q358. At the poles, during summer, the Sun:

a) Never rises

b) Never sets ✅

c) Rises and sets normally

d) Appears at noon only

Explanation: Polar regions experience continuous daylight in summer.

Q359. At the poles, during winter, the Sun:

a) Never rises ✅

b) Never sets

c) Rises and sets normally

d) Appears at noon only

Explanation: Polar regions experience continuous darkness in winter.

Q360. The apparent movement of the Sun across the sky is due to:

a) Revolution of Earth

b) Rotation of Earth ✅

c) Tilt of Earth’s axis

d) Movement of Moon

Explanation: Earth’s rotation makes the Sun appear to move east to west.

Q361. The longest day in the Northern Hemisphere occurs on:

a) March 21

b) June 21 ✅

c) September 23

d) December 22

Explanation: June solstice marks the longest day in the north.

Q362. The longest night in the Northern Hemisphere occurs on:

a) March 21

b) June 21

c) September 23

d) December 22 ✅

Explanation: December solstice marks the longest night in the north.

Q363. The Arctic Circle experiences 24 hours of daylight during:

a) June solstice ✅

b) December solstice

c) March equinox

d) September equinox

Explanation: Arctic Circle has continuous daylight in June.

Q364. The Antarctic Circle experiences 24 hours of daylight during:

a) June solstice

b) December solstice ✅

c) March equinox

d) September equinox

Explanation: Antarctic Circle has continuous daylight in December.

Q365. Twilight refers to:

a) Complete darkness

b) Light after sunset and before sunrise ✅

c) Noon

d) Midnight

Explanation: Twilight is the faint light before sunrise and after sunset.

Q366. Midnight Sun refers to:

a) Sun at noon

b) Sun visible at midnight ✅

c) Sun never rising

d) Sun never setting

Explanation: Midnight Sun occurs in polar regions during summer.

Q367. Polar Night refers to:

a) Sun visible at midnight

b) Continuous darkness in winter ✅

c) Continuous daylight in summer

d) Twilight

Explanation: Polar Night occurs in polar regions during winter.

Q368. The equinox occurs when:

a) Day and night are equal ✅

b) Day is longer

c) Night is longer

d) Sun is overhead at Tropics

Explanation: Equinox means equal day and night.

Q369. The solstice occurs when:

a) Day and night are equal

b) Day and night are unequal ✅

c) Sun is overhead at Equator

d) Sun is overhead at poles

Explanation: Solstice marks longest day or longest night.

Q370. The duration of day and night varies most at:

a) Equator

b) Poles ✅

c) Tropics

d) Mid-latitudes

Explanation: Poles experience extreme variation in day length.

Q371. The duration of day and night varies least at:

a) Equator ✅

b) Poles

c) Tropics

d) Mid-latitudes

Explanation: Equator experiences nearly equal day and night year-round.

Q372. The Sun rises in the east and sets in the west due to:

a) Revolution

b) Rotation ✅

c) Tilt

d) Gravity

Explanation: Earth’s rotation causes apparent east–west movement of the Sun.

Q373. The phenomenon of sunrise and sunset is due to:

a) Revolution

b) Rotation ✅

c) Tilt

d) Movement of Moon

Explanation: Rotation causes sunrise and sunset.

Q374. The time taken for Earth to rotate 360° is:

a) 24 hours ✅

b) 12 hours

c) 48 hours

d) 6 hours

Explanation: Earth rotates 360° in 24 hours.

Q375. The time taken for Earth to rotate 15° longitude is:

a) 1 hour ✅

b) 2 hours

c) 30 minutes

d) 4 minutes

Explanation: Earth rotates 15° longitude in 1 hour.

Q376. The primary cause of tides on Earth is:

a) Gravitational pull of Moon ✅

b) Gravitational pull of Mars

c) Earth’s rotation

d) Earth’s revolution

Explanation: The Moon’s gravity is the main cause of tides.

Q377. The Sun’s gravitational pull affects tides by:

a) Weakening them

b) Strengthening or weakening depending on alignment ✅

c) Having no effect

d) Causing eclipses

Explanation: Sun’s gravity combines with Moon’s to create spring or neap tides.

Q378. Spring tides occur when:

a) Sun, Moon, Earth are aligned ✅

b) Sun and Moon are at right angles

c) Equinox occurs

d) Solstice occurs

Explanation: Alignment during full/new moon causes spring tides.

Q379. Neap tides occur when:

a) Sun and Moon are at right angles ✅

b) Sun, Moon, Earth are aligned

c) Equinox occurs

d) Solstice occurs

Explanation: Right angle position during quarter moon causes neap tides.

Q380. The tidal range is greatest during:

a) Neap tides

b) Spring tides ✅

c) Equinox

d) Solstice

Explanation: Spring tides have the highest tidal range.

Q381. The tidal range is smallest during:

a) Neap tides ✅

b) Spring tides

c) Equinox

d) Solstice

Explanation: Neap tides have the lowest tidal range.

Q382. The Bay of Fundy is famous for:

a) Weak tides

b) Highest tides in the world ✅

c) No tides

d) Neap tides only

Explanation: Bay of Fundy in Canada has the world’s highest tidal range.

Q383. The interval between two high tides is about:

a) 6 hours ✅

b) 12 hours

c) 24 hours

d) 3 hours

Explanation: High tides occur roughly every 12 hours, so interval is ~6 hours.

Q384. The tidal cycle repeats approximately every:

a) 12 hours

b) 24 hours

c) 24 hours 50 minutes ✅

d) 48 hours

Explanation: Tidal cycle is ~24 hours 50 minutes due to Moon’s orbit.

Q385. The opposite side of Earth experiences high tide due to:

a) Centrifugal force ✅

b) Gravity of Sun

c) Earth’s rotation

d) Equator

Explanation: Centrifugal force causes a second high tide opposite the Moon.

Q386. Tides are useful for:

a) Generating electricity ✅

b) Growing crops

c) Mining

d) Astronomy

Explanation: Tidal energy can be harnessed for electricity.

Q387. Tides influence:

a) Ocean currents ✅

b) Earth’s rotation

c) Latitude

d) Longitude

Explanation: Tides affect coastal currents and ecosystems.

Q388. Tides are higher in:

a) Open oceans

b) Narrow bays ✅

c) Deserts

d) Mountains

Explanation: Narrow bays amplify tidal range.

Q389. Tides are lowest in:

a) Narrow bays

b) Open oceans ✅

c) Rivers

d) Lakes

Explanation: Open oceans have smaller tidal ranges compared to bays.

Q390. The study of tides is part of:

a) Seismology

b) Oceanography ✅

c) Geography

d) Astronomy

Explanation: Oceanography studies tides, currents, and marine processes.

Q391. The gravitational force of the Moon is strongest on:

a) The side of Earth facing the Moon ✅

b) The side opposite the Moon

c) Equator

d) Poles

Explanation: The side facing the Moon experiences stronger gravitational pull.

Q392. The Sun’s effect on tides is:

a) Greater than the Moon

b) Lesser than the Moon ✅

c) Equal to the Moon

d) Negligible

Explanation: The Moon has a stronger effect on tides than the Sun.

Q393. The highest tides occur during:

a) Full moon and new moon ✅

b) Quarter moon

c) Equinox

d) Solstice

Explanation: Alignment during full/new moon causes spring tides.

Q394. The weakest tides occur during:

a) Quarter moon ✅

b) Full moon

c) New moon

d) Solstice

Explanation: Neap tides occur during quarter moon.

Q395. Tides are important for:

a) Navigation ✅

b) Latitude measurement

c) Longitude measurement

d) Climate zones

Explanation: Tides affect navigation, fishing, and coastal activities.

Q396. The time between a high tide and the next low tide is:

a) 6 hours

b) 3 hours ✅

c) 12 hours

d) 24 hours

Explanation: High tide to low tide interval is ~3 hours.

Q397. Tides are caused by:

a) Gravitational pull of Moon and Sun ✅

b) Earth’s rotation only

c) Earth’s revolution only

d) Ocean currents

Explanation: Tides are caused by combined gravitational pull of Moon and Sun.

Q398. Spring tides are:

a) Strong ✅

b) Weak

c) Absent

d) Equal

Explanation: Spring tides are the strongest tides.

Q399. Neap tides are:

a) Strong

b) Weak ✅

c) Absent

d) Equal

Explanation: Neap tides are the weakest tides.

Q400. Tides repeat in a cycle of:

a) 12 hours

b) 24 hours 50 minutes ✅

c) 24 hours

d) 48 hours

Explanation: Tidal cycle is ~24 hours 50 minutes due to Moon’s orbit.

Q401. Which scientist proposed the Nebular Hypothesis?

a) Immanuel Kant ✅

b) Charles Darwin

c) Isaac Newton

d) Albert Einstein

Explanation: Kant and later Laplace proposed the Nebular Hypothesis of solar system formation.

Q402. The Planetesimal Hypothesis was proposed by:

a) Chamberlin and Moulton ✅

b) Jeans and Jeffreys

c) Kant and Laplace

d) Hubble

Explanation: Chamberlin and Moulton suggested planets formed from planetesimals.

Q403. The Tidal Hypothesis was proposed by:

a) Kant

b) Jeans and Jeffreys ✅

c) Laplace

d) Darwin

Explanation: Jeans and Jeffreys proposed that a passing star pulled matter from the Sun.

Q404. The Big Bang Theory is supported by:

a) Fossils

b) Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation ✅

c) Plate tectonics

d) Seismic waves

Explanation: CMB radiation is evidence of the Big Bang.

Q405. The Steady State Theory was challenged by:

a) Discovery of fossils

b) Discovery of cosmic microwave background ✅

c) Discovery of coal deposits

d) Discovery of earthquakes

Explanation: CMB radiation supported the Big Bang, not steady state.

Q406. The Hadean Eon is characterized by:

a) Stable continents

b) Formation of Earth’s crust ✅

c) Rise of mammals

d) Ice Age

Explanation: Hadean Eon marked Earth’s earliest crust formation.

Q407. The Archean Eon is significant for:

a) First multicellular life

b) First continental crust ✅

c) Extinction of dinosaurs

d) Rise of mammals

Explanation: Archean saw the formation of continental crust.

Q408. The Proterozoic Eon is marked by:

a) First multicellular organisms ✅

b) Rise of dinosaurs

c) Ice Age

d) Cambrian explosion

Explanation: Proterozoic saw multicellular life emerge.

Q409. The Cambrian explosion occurred about:

a) 541 million years ago ✅

b) 250 million years ago

c) 65 million years ago

d) 4 billion years ago

Explanation: Cambrian explosion marked rapid diversification of life ~541 mya.

Q410. The Permian extinction wiped out:

a) Dinosaurs

b) ~90% of marine species ✅

c) Mammals

d) Birds

Explanation: Permian extinction was Earth’s largest mass extinction.

Q411. The Mesozoic era lasted from:

a) 250 to 65 million years ago ✅

b) 541 to 250 million years ago

c) 65 million years ago to present

d) 4 billion years ago

Explanation: Mesozoic era spanned 250–65 mya.

Q412. The Cenozoic era began:

a) 65 million years ago ✅

b) 250 million years ago

c) 541 million years ago

d) 4 billion years ago

Explanation: Cenozoic began after dinosaur extinction ~65 mya.

Q413. The Paleozoic era ended with:

a) Cambrian explosion

b) Permian extinction ✅

c) Rise of mammals

d) Ice Age

Explanation: Paleozoic ended with the Permian extinction.

Q414. The Jurassic period is famous for:

a) Rise of mammals

b) Dinosaurs ✅

c) First multicellular life

d) Ice Age

Explanation: Dinosaurs dominated the Jurassic period.

Q415. The Quaternary period is marked by:

a) Rise of mammals

b) Ice Ages ✅

c) Dinosaurs

d) Cambrian explosion

Explanation: Quaternary period saw repeated Ice Ages.

Q416. The Devonian period is called:

a) Age of Fish ✅

b) Age of Mammals

c) Age of Dinosaurs

d) Age of Amphibians

Explanation: Devonian saw diversification of fishes.

Q417. The Carboniferous period is known for:

a) Coal forests ✅

b) Dinosaurs

c) Mammals

d) Ice Age

Explanation: Carboniferous had swamp forests forming coal deposits.

Q418. The Triassic period is significant for:

a) Rise of dinosaurs ✅

b) Rise of mammals

c) Cambrian explosion

d) Ice Age

Explanation: Dinosaurs first appeared in the Triassic.

Q419. The Cretaceous period ended with:

a) Cambrian explosion

b) Dinosaur extinction ✅

c) Rise of mammals

d) Ice Age

Explanation: Dinosaurs went extinct at the end of the Cretaceous.

Q420. The Ordovician period is marked by:

a) First vertebrates ✅

b) Dinosaurs

c) Mammals

d) Ice Age

Explanation: Ordovician saw the first vertebrate animals.

Q421. The Silurian period is marked by:

a) First land plants ✅

b) Dinosaurs

c) Mammals

d) Ice Age

Explanation: Silurian saw the emergence of land plants.

Q422. The Precambrian covers:

a) 88% of Earth’s history ✅

b) 50% of Earth’s history

c) 25% of Earth’s history

d) 10% of Earth’s history

Explanation: Precambrian spans ~4 billion years, ~88% of Earth’s history.

Q423. The Big Bang occurred about:

a) 13.8 billion years ago ✅

b) 4.6 billion years ago

c) 541 million years ago

d) 65 million years ago

Explanation: Universe formed ~13.8 billion years ago.

Q424. The Solar System formed about:

a) 4.6 billion years ago ✅

b) 13.8 billion years ago

c) 541 million years ago

d) 65 million years ago

Explanation: Solar System formed ~4.6 billion years ago.

Q425. The Earth formed about:

a) 4.5 billion years ago ✅

b) 13.8 billion years ago

c) 541 million years ago

d) 65 million years ago

Explanation: Earth formed ~4.5 billion years ago.

Q426. The Mohorovičić discontinuity (Moho) was discovered using:

a) Magnetic studies

b) Seismic waves ✅

c) Fossils

d) Gravity

Explanation: Seismic wave velocity changes revealed the Moho boundary.

Q427. The Gutenberg discontinuity lies at a depth of:

a) 100 km

b) 2,900 km ✅

c) 6,371 km

d) 500 km

Explanation: Gutenberg discontinuity separates mantle and core at ~2,900 km.

Q428. The Lehmann discontinuity separates:

a) Crust and mantle

b) Mantle and outer core

c) Outer and inner core ✅

d) Lithosphere and asthenosphere

Explanation: Lehmann discontinuity marks the boundary between liquid outer core and solid inner core.

Q429. The lithosphere includes:

a) Crust and upper mantle ✅

b) Entire mantle

c) Outer core

d) Inner core

Explanation: Lithosphere consists of crust and rigid upper mantle.

Q430. The asthenosphere is important because:

a) It is rigid

b) It allows plate movement ✅

c) It is solid

d) It is gaseous

Explanation: Asthenosphere is weak and partially molten, enabling plate tectonics.

Q431. The average thickness of continental crust is:

a) 5–10 km

b) 30–40 km ✅

c) 100 km

d) 70 km

Explanation: Continental crust averages 30–40 km thick.

Q432. The average thickness of oceanic crust is:

a) 5–10 km ✅

b) 30–40 km

c) 100 km

d) 70 km

Explanation: Oceanic crust is thinner, ~5–10 km.

Q433. The mantle extends to a depth of:

a) 100 km

b) 2,900 km ✅

c) 6,371 km

d) 500 km

Explanation: Mantle extends from Moho to ~2,900 km depth.

Q434. The outer core is:

a) Solid

b) Liquid ✅

c) Semi-solid

d) Gaseous

Explanation: Outer core is liquid iron and nickel.

Q435. The inner core is:

a) Solid ✅

b) Liquid

c) Semi-solid

d) Gaseous

Explanation: Inner core is solid due to immense pressure.

Q436. Earth’s magnetic field is generated by:

a) Inner core

b) Movement of liquid outer core ✅

c) Mantle convection

d) Crustal rocks

Explanation: Geodynamo in the outer core generates Earth’s magnetic field.

Q437. P-waves can travel through:

a) Solids only

b) Liquids and solids ✅

c) Liquids only

d) Gases only

Explanation: P-waves travel through both solids and liquids.

Q438. S-waves can travel through:

a) Solids only ✅

b) Liquids and solids

c) Liquids only

d) Gases only

Explanation: S-waves cannot travel through liquids.

Q439. The absence of S-waves beyond 105° from epicenter indicates:

a) Solid mantle

b) Liquid outer core ✅

c) Solid inner core

d) Crustal rocks

Explanation: S-wave shadow zone proves outer core is liquid.

Q440. The crust constitutes about:

a) 1% of Earth’s volume ✅

b) 10%

c) 25%

d) 50%

Explanation: Crust is very thin, ~1% of Earth’s volume.

Q441. The mantle constitutes about:

a) 84% of Earth’s volume ✅

b) 50%

c) 25%

d) 10%

Explanation: Mantle makes up ~84% of Earth’s volume.

Q442. The core constitutes about:

a) 15% of Earth’s volume ✅

b) 50%

c) 25%

d) 10%

Explanation: Core makes up ~15% of Earth’s volume.

Q443. The study of Earth’s interior using seismic waves is called:

a) Seismology ✅

b) Geography

c) Astronomy

d) Meteorology

Explanation: Seismology studies earthquakes and Earth’s interior.

Q444. The study of Earth’s magnetic field is called:

a) Geomagnetism ✅

b) Seismology

c) Geography

d) Astronomy

Explanation: Geomagnetism focuses on Earth’s magnetic field.

Q445. The lithosphere is broken into:

a) Continents

b) Tectonic plates ✅

c) Oceans

d) Mountains

Explanation: Lithosphere consists of tectonic plates.

Q446. The asthenosphere lies at a depth of:

a) 10–50 km

b) 100–200 km ✅

c) 500–700 km

d) 2,900 km

Explanation: Asthenosphere lies at ~100–200 km depth.

Q447. The mantle is mainly composed of:

a) Peridotite ✅

b) Granite

c) Basalt

d) Sandstone

Explanation: Mantle rocks are mainly peridotite.

Q448. The core is mainly composed of:

a) Iron and nickel ✅

b) Oxygen and silicon

c) Carbon and hydrogen

d) Sodium and potassium

Explanation: Core is rich in iron and nickel.

Q449. Seismic waves change speed due to:

a) Rotation

b) Density differences ✅

c) Latitude

d) Climate

Explanation: Seismic waves vary with density and composition of layers.

Q450. Surface waves cause:

a) Minor shaking

b) Maximum destruction ✅

c) No effect

d) Rotation

Explanation: Surface waves cause the most damage during earthquakes.

Q451. Latitude influences the distribution of:

a) Vegetation zones ✅

b) Longitudes

c) Ocean currents only

d) Earth’s rotation

Explanation: Latitude determines solar radiation, affecting vegetation belts.

Q452. Which latitude passes through the Sahara Desert?

a) Tropic of Cancer ✅

b) Equator

c) Tropic of Capricorn

d) Arctic Circle

Explanation: Tropic of Cancer crosses the Sahara Desert.

Q453. Which latitude passes through the Amazon rainforest?

a) Equator ✅

b) Tropic of Cancer

c) Tropic of Capricorn

d) Arctic Circle

Explanation: Equator crosses the Amazon rainforest in Brazil.

Q454. Which latitude passes through the Gobi Desert?

a) Tropic of Cancer ✅

b) Equator

c) Tropic of Capricorn

d) Antarctic Circle

Explanation: Tropic of Cancer crosses the Gobi Desert in Asia.

Q455. Latitude affects the angle of:

a) Sun’s rays ✅

b) Earth’s rotation

c) Moon’s orbit

d) Ocean currents

Explanation: Latitude determines the angle at which sunlight strikes Earth.

Q456. The Arctic Circle experiences 24 hours of daylight during:

a) June solstice ✅

b) December solstice

c) March equinox

d) September equinox

Explanation: Arctic Circle has continuous daylight in June.

Q457. The Antarctic Circle experiences 24 hours of daylight during:

a) June solstice

b) December solstice ✅

c) March equinox

d) September equinox

Explanation: Antarctic Circle has continuous daylight in December.

Q458. Latitude influences the length of:

a) Day and night ✅

b) Longitude

c) Rotation

d) Ocean currents

Explanation: Latitude affects variation in day length across seasons.

Q459. Latitude is measured in:

a) Degrees ✅

b) Kilometers

c) Hours

d) Minutes only

Explanation: Latitude is measured in degrees north or south of Equator.

Q460. Latitude lines are also called:

a) Meridians

b) Parallels ✅

c) Equinoxes

d) Tropics

Explanation: Latitude lines run parallel to the Equator.

Q461. The maximum latitude value is:

a) 90° ✅

b) 180°

c) 360°

d) 45°

Explanation: Latitude ranges from 0° at the Equator to 90° at the poles.

Q462. Which latitude receives direct sunlight during equinoxes?

a) Tropic of Cancer

b) Tropic of Capricorn

c) Equator ✅

d) Arctic Circle

Explanation: Sun is overhead at the Equator during equinoxes.

Q463. Latitude influences the distribution of:

a) Climate zones ✅

b) Time zones

c) Rotation

d) Longitude

Explanation: Latitude helps classify Earth into climatic zones.

Q464. Latitude is important for:

a) Measuring time

b) Determining climate zones ✅

c) Measuring Earth’s rotation

d) Determining longitude

Explanation: Latitude helps classify Earth into climatic zones.

Q465. Which latitude passes through India?

a) Tropic of Capricorn

b) Tropic of Cancer ✅

c) Equator

d) Arctic Circle

Explanation: Tropic of Cancer passes through central India.

Q466. Which latitude passes through Africa almost centrally?

a) Equator ✅

b) Tropic of Cancer

c) Tropic of Capricorn

d) Arctic Circle

Explanation: Equator runs through central Africa.

Q467. Latitude values increase from:

a) Equator to poles ✅

b) Poles to Equator

c) Prime Meridian to poles

d) Equator to Tropics

Explanation: Latitude increases from 0° at Equator to 90° at poles.

Q468. The latitude of the North Pole is:

a) 0°

b) 23.5° N

c) 66.5° N

d) 90° N ✅

Explanation: North Pole lies at 90° north latitude.

Q469. The latitude of the South Pole is:

a) 0°

b) 23.5° S

c) 66.5° S

d) 90° S ✅

Explanation: South Pole lies at 90° south latitude.

Q470. Latitude lines run:

a) North–South

b) East–West ✅

c) Diagonal

d) Random

Explanation: Latitude lines run parallel to the Equator, east–west direction.

Q471. Latitude helps in locating:

a) East–West position

b) North–South position ✅

c) Time zones

d) Ocean currents

Explanation: Latitude determines north–south position of a place.

Q472. The frigid zones lie between:

a) Tropics

b) Poles and Arctic/Antarctic Circles ✅

c) Equator and Tropics

d) Equator and poles

Explanation: Frigid zones are near the poles beyond 66.5° latitude.

Q473. The temperate zones lie between:

a) Tropics and Circles ✅

b) Equator and Tropics

c) Tropics only

d) Poles only

Explanation: Temperate zones lie between Tropics and Arctic/Antarctic Circles.

Q474. Latitude is measured from:

a) Prime Meridian

b) Equator ✅

c) Poles

d) International Date Line

Explanation: Latitude is measured north or south from the Equator.

Q475. Which latitude is the longest circle?

a) Equator ✅

b) Tropic of Cancer

c) Tropic of Capricorn

d) Arctic Circle

Explanation: Equator is the longest latitude circle.

Q476. Longitude determines:

a) East–West position ✅

b) North–South position

c) Latitude

d) Climate zones

Explanation: Longitude specifies east–west location on Earth.

Q477. The Prime Meridian is located at:

a) 0° longitude ✅

b) 90° longitude

c) 180° longitude

d) 23.5° longitude

Explanation: Prime Meridian is the 0° longitude line.

Q478. The International Date Line is located at:

a) 0°

b) 90°

c) 180° ✅

d) 23.5°

Explanation: The Date Line lies near 180° longitude.

Q479. Longitudes converge at:

a) Equator

b) Poles ✅

c) Tropics

d) Circles

Explanation: Longitudes meet at the poles.

Q480. The Earth rotates 360° in:

a) 12 hours

b) 24 hours ✅

c) 48 hours

d) 6 hours

Explanation: Earth completes one rotation in 24 hours.

Q481. The Earth rotates 15° longitude in:

a) 1 hour ✅

b) 2 hours

c) 30 minutes

d) 4 minutes

Explanation: Earth rotates 15° longitude per hour.

Q482. The Earth rotates 1° longitude in:

a) 1 hour

b) 4 minutes ✅

c) 10 minutes

d) 15 minutes

Explanation: Earth rotates 1° longitude in 4 minutes.

Q483. The longitude of India’s standard meridian is:

a) 82.5° E ✅

b) 90° E

c) 75° E

d) 60° E

Explanation: IST is based on 82.5° east longitude.

Q484. The longitude of London is approximately:

a) 0° ✅

b) 23.5° W

c) 90° E

d) 180°

Explanation: London lies near the Prime Meridian.

Q485. The longitude of New York is approximately:

a) 74° W ✅

b) 82.5° E

c) 90° E

d) 60° W

Explanation: New York lies near 74° west longitude.

Q486. The longitude of Tokyo is approximately:

a) 140° E ✅

b) 82.5° E

c) 90° W

d) 180°

Explanation: Tokyo lies near 140° east longitude.

Q487. The longitude of Sydney is approximately:

a) 151° E ✅

b) 82.5° E

c) 90° W

d) 180°

Explanation: Sydney lies near 151° east longitude.

Q488. The longitude of Rio de Janeiro is approximately:

a) 43° W ✅

b) 82.5° E

c) 90° E

d) 180°

Explanation: Rio de Janeiro lies near 43° west longitude.

Q489. The longitude of Moscow is approximately:

a) 37° E ✅

b) 82.5° E

c) 90° W

d) 180°

Explanation: Moscow lies near 37° east longitude.

Q490. The longitude of Cairo is approximately:

a) 31° E ✅

b) 82.5° E

c) 90° W

d) 180°

Explanation: Cairo lies near 31° east longitude.

Q491. The longitude of Paris is approximately:

a) 2° E ✅

b) 82.5° E

c) 90° W

d) 180°

Explanation: Paris lies near 2° east longitude.

Q492. The longitude of Mexico City is approximately:

a) 99° W ✅

b) 82.5° E

c) 90° E

d) 180°

Explanation: Mexico City lies near 99° west longitude.

Q493. The longitude of Rome is approximately:

a) 12° E ✅

b) 82.5° E

c) 90° W

d) 180°

Explanation: Rome lies near 12° east longitude.

Q494. The longitude opposite Greenwich is:

a) 90° E

b) 180° ✅

c) 23.5° W

d) 45° E

Explanation: 180° longitude is opposite the Prime Meridian.

Q495. The International Date Line deviates to avoid:

a) Oceans

b) Countries and islands ✅

c) Tropics

d) Equator

Explanation: The Date Line zigzags to avoid splitting countries.

Q496. Longitude is measured in:

a) Degrees ✅

b) Kilometers

c) Hours

d) Minutes only

Explanation: Longitude is measured in degrees east or west of Prime Meridian.

Q497. Longitude lines are also called:

a) Parallels

b) Meridians ✅

c) Tropics

d) Equinoxes

Explanation: Longitudes are meridians running pole to pole.

Q498. Longitude helps in determining:

a) Time zones ✅

b) Climate zones

c) Latitude

d) Vegetation

Explanation: Longitude is used to calculate local time zones.

Q499. The longitude of Washington, D.C. is approximately:

a) 77° W ✅

b) 82.5° E

c) 90° E

d) 180°

Explanation: Washington, D.C. lies near 77° west longitude.

Q500. Longitude is important for:

a) Measuring east–west position and time ✅

b) Measuring north–south position

c) Climate classification

d) Ocean currents

Explanation: Longitude determines east–west position and helps calculate time.