Earthquake
a) Sudden shaking of the Earth’s crust due to energy release ✅
b) Slow movement of glaciers
c) Continuous erosion of rocks
d) Formation of volcanoes
Explanation: Earthquakes occur when stored energy in the Earth’s crust is suddenly released, causing ground shaking.
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Q2. The point inside the Earth where an earthquake originates is called:
a) Epicenter
b) Focus ✅
c) Seismic zone
d) Fault line
Explanation: The focus (hypocenter) is the actual origin point, while the epicenter is directly above it on the surface.
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Q3. The point on the Earth’s surface directly above the focus is known as:
a) Fault
b) Epicenter ✅
c) Seismic gap
d) Rift valley
Explanation: The epicenter is the surface location directly above the earthquake’s focus.
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Q4. Earthquakes are most commonly associated with:
a) Plate boundaries ✅
b) River valleys
c) Desert regions
d) Polar ice caps
Explanation: Most earthquakes occur along tectonic plate boundaries where stress accumulates.
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Q5. Which of the following is NOT a cause of earthquakes?
a) Tectonic movements
b) Volcanic activity
c) Collapse of caves
d) Photosynthesis ✅
Explanation: Photosynthesis is a biological process, unrelated to seismic activity.
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Q6. Earthquakes caused by volcanic eruptions are called:
a) Tectonic earthquakes
b) Volcanic earthquakes ✅
c) Collapse earthquakes
d) Explosion earthquakes
Explanation: Volcanic earthquakes occur due to magma movement and eruption-related stresses.
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Q7. Earthquakes caused by human activities such as mining or nuclear tests are termed:
a) Natural earthquakes
b) Induced earthquakes ✅
c) Volcanic earthquakes
d) Collapse earthquakes
Explanation: Human-induced earthquakes result from artificial activities like mining, reservoir loading, or explosions.
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Q8. The sudden release of energy during an earthquake occurs due to:
a) Elastic rebound ✅
b) Continuous erosion
c) Sedimentation
d) Volcanic cooling
Explanation: Elastic rebound theory explains how rocks snap back after stress exceeds their strength.
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Q9. The San Andreas Fault in California is an example of:
a) Transform fault ✅
b) Normal fault
c) Reverse fault
d) Rift valley
Explanation: The San Andreas Fault is a transform boundary where plates slide past each other.
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Q10. Which type of earthquake is most destructive?
a) Tectonic ✅
b) Volcanic
c) Collapse
d) Explosion
Explanation: Tectonic earthquakes release the largest amount of energy and cause widespread damage.
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Q11. Reservoir-induced earthquakes are linked to:
a) Construction of large dams ✅
b) Volcanic eruptions
c) Glacier melting
d) Desertification
Explanation: The weight of water stored in reservoirs can trigger seismic activity.
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Q12. Collapse earthquakes occur due to:
a) Sudden cave-ins ✅
b) Plate collision
c) Volcanic eruption
d) Tsunami waves
Explanation: Collapse earthquakes are small tremors caused by subsurface voids collapsing.
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Q13. Which plate boundary is most associated with powerful earthquakes?
a) Convergent ✅
b) Divergent
c) Transform
d) Passive margin
Explanation: Convergent boundaries (subduction zones) generate the strongest earthquakes.
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Q14. The Himalayan region experiences frequent earthquakes due to:
a) Collision of Indian and Eurasian plates ✅
b) Volcanic activity
c) Ocean currents
d) Wind erosion
Explanation: The ongoing collision of plates creates immense stress, leading to earthquakes.
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Q15. Which of the following is a human-induced cause of earthquakes?
a) Nuclear explosions ✅
b) Plate tectonics
c) Volcanic eruptions
d) Landslides
Explanation: Nuclear tests can release energy that triggers seismic waves.
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Q16. Earthquakes along mid-ocean ridges are generally:
a) Shallow-focus ✅
b) Deep-focus
c) Intermediate-focus
d) Absent
Explanation: Divergent boundaries produce shallow-focus earthquakes.
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Q17. Deep-focus earthquakes are usually found in:
a) Subduction zones ✅
b) Rift valleys
c) Transform faults
d) Mountain ranges
Explanation: Subduction zones push plates deep into the mantle, causing deep-focus quakes.
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Q18. Which Indian state is most prone to reservoir-induced earthquakes?
a) Maharashtra ✅
b) Kerala
c) Punjab
d) Rajasthan
Explanation: The Koyna Dam in Maharashtra is a classic example of reservoir-induced earthquakes.
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Q19. Earthquakes caused by sudden slippage along faults are explained by:
a) Elastic rebound theory ✅
b) Plate drift theory
c) Seafloor spreading
d) Continental drift
Explanation: Elastic rebound theory is the most accepted explanation for fault slippage.
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Q20. Which type of earthquake is associated with underground explosions?
a) Explosion earthquakes ✅
b) Collapse earthquakes
c) Volcanic earthquakes
d) Tectonic earthquakes
Explanation: Explosion earthquakes are artificially triggered by underground blasts.
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Q21. The majority of earthquakes worldwide occur in:
a) Ring of Fire ✅
b) Sahara Desert
c) Arctic Circle
d) Amazon Basin
Explanation: The Pacific Ring of Fire is the most seismically active region on Earth.
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Q22. Which of the following is a secondary cause of earthquakes?
a) Landslides ✅
b) Plate tectonics
c) Volcanic eruption
d) Fault slippage
Explanation: Landslides can trigger small earthquakes, though they are secondary causes.
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Q23. Earthquakes in mining areas are often due to:
a) Collapse of mine roofs ✅
b) Plate collision
c) Volcanic eruption
d) Tsunami waves
Explanation: Mining activities create voids that may collapse, causing tremors.
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Q24. Which earthquake type is least destructive?
a) Collapse earthquakes ✅
b) Tectonic earthquakes
c) Volcanic earthquakes
d) Explosion earthquakes
Explanation: Collapse earthquakes are localized and small in magnitude.
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Q25. The elastic rebound theory was first proposed by:
a) H.F. Reid ✅
b) Alfred Wegener
c) Charles Richter
d) Harry Hess
Explanation: H.F. Reid proposed the elastic rebound theory after the 1906 San Francisco earthquake.
Q26. Which of the following is NOT a type of earthquake?
a) Tectonic
b) Volcanic
c) Collapse
d) Cyclonic ✅
Explanation: Cyclones are atmospheric phenomena, not earthquakes.
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Q27. Tectonic earthquakes occur due to:
a) Movement along faults ✅
b) Volcanic eruptions
c) Collapse of caves
d) Underground explosions
Explanation: Tectonic earthquakes are caused by stress release along faults.
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Q28. Volcanic earthquakes are most common in:
a) Subduction zones ✅
b) Desert regions
c) Polar regions
d) River valleys
Explanation: Volcanic earthquakes occur near subduction zones where magma activity is high.
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Q29. Collapse earthquakes are generally:
a) Localized ✅
b) Global
c) High magnitude
d) Long duration
Explanation: Collapse earthquakes are small, localized tremors due to cave-ins.
---
Q30. Explosion earthquakes are triggered by:
a) Underground blasts ✅
b) Plate collision
c) Volcanic eruptions
d) Landslides
Explanation: Explosion earthquakes are artificially induced by underground explosions.
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Q31. Which type of earthquake is most frequent worldwide?
a) Tectonic ✅
b) Volcanic
c) Collapse
d) Explosion
Explanation: Tectonic earthquakes account for the majority of global seismic events.
---
Q32. Earthquakes caused by magma movement are:
a) Volcanic ✅
b) Tectonic
c) Collapse
d) Explosion
Explanation: Magma movement beneath volcanoes triggers volcanic earthquakes.
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Q33. Which earthquake type is usually shallow-focus?
a) Volcanic ✅
b) Tectonic
c) Collapse
d) Explosion
Explanation: Volcanic earthquakes are shallow-focus due to magma activity near the surface.
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Q34. Which earthquake type is linked to subsurface voids?
a) Collapse ✅
b) Tectonic
c) Volcanic
d) Explosion
Explanation: Collapse earthquakes occur when underground voids cave in.
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Q35. Which earthquake type is artificially induced?
a) Explosion ✅
b) Tectonic
c) Volcanic
d) Collapse
Explanation: Explosion earthquakes are man-made, caused by blasts.
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Q36. Seismic waves generated during earthquakes are of two main types:
a) Body and Surface waves ✅
b) Primary and Secondary waves
c) Love and Rayleigh waves
d) Tsunami and Shock waves
Explanation: Seismic waves are broadly classified into body waves and surface waves.
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Q37. Primary waves (P-waves) are:
a) Longitudinal ✅
b) Transverse
c) Surface waves
d) Slowest waves
Explanation: P-waves are longitudinal and travel fastest through solids and liquids.
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Q38. Secondary waves (S-waves) are:
a) Transverse ✅
b) Longitudinal
c) Surface waves
d) Fastest waves
Explanation: S-waves are transverse and slower than P-waves, traveling only through solids.
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Q39. Which seismic wave travels fastest?
a) P-waves ✅
b) S-waves
c) Love waves
d) Rayleigh waves
Explanation: P-waves are the fastest seismic waves.
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Q40. Which seismic wave cannot travel through liquids?
a) S-waves ✅
b) P-waves
c) Love waves
d) Rayleigh waves
Explanation: S-waves cannot pass through liquids, unlike P-waves.
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Q41. Love waves are:
a) Surface waves ✅
b) Body waves
c) Longitudinal waves
d) Fastest waves
Explanation: Love waves are surface waves that cause horizontal ground movement.
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Q42. Rayleigh waves cause:
a) Rolling motion ✅
b) Vertical shaking only
c) Horizontal shaking only
d) No ground movement
Explanation: Rayleigh waves move the ground in a rolling, elliptical motion.
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Q43. Which seismic wave causes the most destruction?
a) Surface waves ✅
b) P-waves
c) S-waves
d) Shock waves
Explanation: Surface waves (Love and Rayleigh) cause maximum damage on the surface.
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Q44. The first waves recorded on a seismograph are:
a) P-waves ✅
b) S-waves
c) Love waves
d) Rayleigh waves
Explanation: P-waves arrive first due to their high speed.
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Q45. The difference in arrival time of P and S waves helps determine:
a) Distance to epicenter ✅
b) Magnitude of earthquake
c) Type of fault
d) Depth of focus
Explanation: The time gap between P and S waves is used to calculate epicenter distance.
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Q46. Which waves are used to study Earth’s interior?
a) Body waves ✅
b) Surface waves
c) Love waves
d) Tsunami waves
Explanation: P and S waves (body waves) provide information about Earth’s internal structure.
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Q47. Which seismic wave is most useful for locating the epicenter?
a) S-waves ✅
b) P-waves
c) Love waves
d) Rayleigh waves
Explanation: S-wave arrival times are crucial for triangulating the epicenter.
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Q48. The shadow zone of S-waves indicates:
a) Liquid outer core ✅
b) Solid mantle
c) Crustal thickness
d) Continental drift
Explanation: S-waves cannot pass through the liquid outer core, creating a shadow zone.
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Q49. The shadow zone of P-waves indicates:
a) Core-mantle boundary ✅
b) Crust thickness
c) Plate boundaries
d) Fault lines
Explanation: P-wave refraction at the core-mantle boundary creates a shadow zone.
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Q50. Which seismic wave travels only along the Earth’s surface?
a) Love and Rayleigh waves ✅
b) P-waves
c) S-waves
d) Body waves
Explanation: Love and Rayleigh waves are surface waves confined to the Earth’s crust.
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Q51. The Richter scale measures:
a) Magnitude of earthquakes ✅
b) Intensity of earthquakes
c) Depth of earthquakes
d) Duration of earthquakes
Explanation: The Richter scale quantifies the magnitude (energy released) of earthquakes.
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Q52. The Mercalli scale measures:
a) Intensity of earthquakes ✅
b) Magnitude of earthquakes
c) Depth of focus
d) Speed of seismic waves
Explanation: The Mercalli scale measures earthquake intensity based on observed effects.
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Q53. The Richter scale was developed by:
a) Charles F. Richter ✅
b) Alfred Wegener
c) H.F. Reid
d) Harry Hess
Explanation: Charles Richter developed the Richter scale in 1935.
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Q54. The Richter scale is:
a) Logarithmic ✅
b) Linear
c) Exponential
d) Arithmetic
Explanation: Each whole number increase on the Richter scale represents a tenfold increase in amplitude.
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Q55. The Moment Magnitude Scale (Mw) is considered:
a) More accurate for large earthquakes ✅
b) Less accurate than Richter
c) Obsolete
d) Only for volcanic quakes
Explanation: Mw is widely used today for precise measurement of large earthquakes.
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Q56. The Mercalli scale ranges from:
a) I to XII ✅
b) 1 to 10
c) 0 to 100
d) A to Z
Explanation: The Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale ranges from I (not felt) to XII (total destruction).
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Q57. Which scale is based on seismograph readings?
a) Richter ✅
b) Mercalli
c) Beaufort
d) Fujita
Explanation: The Richter scale uses seismograph data to measure magnitude.
---
Q58. Which scale is subjective, based on human observations?
a) Mercalli ✅
b) Richter
c) Mw
d) Beaufort
Explanation: The Mercalli scale depends on observed effects and human reports.
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Q59. An earthquake of magnitude 7 on the Richter scale releases:
a) 10 times more energy than magnitude 6 ✅
b) Twice the energy of magnitude 6
c) Same energy as magnitude 6
d) 100 times more energy
Explanation: The Richter scale is logarithmic; each step equals 10 times amplitude.
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Q60. Which scale replaced the Richter scale for global use?
a) Moment Magnitude Scale (Mw) ✅
b) Mercalli scale
c) Beaufort scale
d) Fujita scale
Explanation: Mw is now the standard for measuring earthquake magnitude worldwide.
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Q61. The instrument used to record seismic waves is called:
a) Seismograph ✅
b) Barometer
c) Hygrometer
d) Altimeter
Explanation: Seismographs record seismic waves generated by earthquakes.
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Q62. The trace produced by a seismograph is called:
a) Seismogram ✅
b) Histogram
c) Graph
d) Diagram
Explanation: A seismogram is the recorded trace of seismic waves.
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Q63. Which scale measures both small and large earthquakes accurately?
a) Moment Magnitude Scale ✅
b) Richter scale
c) Mercalli scale
d) Beaufort scale
Explanation: Mw is more reliable across all magnitudes.
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Q64. The Mercalli scale intensity level VI indicates:
a) Felt by all, slight damage ✅
b) Not felt
c) Total destruction
d) Only recorded by instruments
Explanation: Level VI means felt by all with minor structural damage.
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Q65. The Richter scale magnitude 2.0 is classified as:
a) Micro earthquake ✅
b) Moderate earthquake
c) Strong earthquake
d) Major earthquake
Explanation: Magnitude below 2.0 is micro, often not felt.
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Q66. An earthquake of magnitude 9.0 is considered:
a) Great earthquake ✅
b) Moderate earthquake
c) Minor earthquake
d) Micro earthquake
Explanation: Magnitude 9.0+ is classified as great, causing catastrophic damage.
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Q67. Which scale is most useful for engineers studying building damage?
a) Mercalli ✅
b) Richter
c) Mw
d) Beaufort
Explanation: Mercalli scale focuses on observed effects and structural damage.
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Q68. The Richter scale magnitude 5.0–5.9 is classified as:
a) Moderate earthquake ✅
b) Minor earthquake
c) Strong earthquake
d) Great earthquake
Explanation: Magnitude 5.0–5.9 is moderate, often felt and may cause damage.
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Q69. The Richter scale magnitude 6.0–6.9 is classified as:
a) Strong earthquake ✅
b) Moderate earthquake
c) Minor earthquake
d) Great earthquake
Explanation: Magnitude 6.0–6.9 is strong, causing significant damage.
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Q70. The Richter scale magnitude 7.0–7.9 is classified as:
a) Major earthquake ✅
b) Strong earthquake
c) Moderate earthquake
d) Minor earthquake
Explanation: Magnitude 7.0–7.9 is major, causing widespread destruction.
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Q71. The Richter scale magnitude 8.0+ is classified as:
a) Great earthquake ✅
b) Major earthquake
c) Strong earthquake
d) Moderate earthquake
Explanation: Magnitude 8.0+ is great, catastrophic in impact.
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Q72. Which scale is most commonly used today for scientific purposes?
a) Moment Magnitude Scale ✅
b) Richter scale
c) Mercalli scale
d) Beaufort scale
Explanation: Mw is the global standard for scientific earthquake measurement.
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Q73. The Mercalli scale intensity level XII indicates:
a) Total destruction ✅
b) Slight damage
c) Not felt
d) Moderate shaking
Explanation: Level XII is the maximum, indicating complete devastation.
---
Q74. Which scale is logarithmic in nature?
a) Richter ✅
b) Mercalli
c) Mw
d) Beaufort
Explanation: Richter scale is logarithmic, each step equals 10 times amplitude.
---
Q75. The Mercalli scale intensity level I indicates:
a) Not felt ✅
b) Slight damage
c) Moderate shaking
d) Total destruction
Explanation: Level I means the earthquake is not felt by people.
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Q76. The majority of the world’s earthquakes occur along:
a) Plate boundaries ✅
b) River valleys
c) Deserts
d) Polar regions
Explanation: Earthquakes are concentrated along tectonic plate boundaries.
---
Q77. The Pacific Ring of Fire is famous for:
a) Frequent earthquakes and volcanoes ✅
b) Glacial activity
c) Desert storms
d) River flooding
Explanation: The Ring of Fire is the most seismically active region globally.
---
Q78. Which ocean basin has the highest concentration of earthquakes?
a) Pacific Ocean ✅
b) Atlantic Ocean
c) Indian Ocean
d) Arctic Ocean
Explanation: The Pacific Ocean basin is surrounded by the Ring of Fire.
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Q79. Earthquakes in Japan are mainly due to:
a) Subduction of Pacific Plate under Eurasian Plate ✅
b) Desertification
c) Glacier melting
d) Wind erosion
Explanation: Japan lies on a convergent boundary, causing frequent earthquakes.
---
Q80. The Himalayan region is prone to earthquakes because of:
a) Collision of Indian and Eurasian plates ✅
b) Volcanic eruptions
c) Ocean currents
d) Wind erosion
Explanation: The ongoing collision creates immense stress, leading to earthquakes.
---
Q81. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge experiences earthquakes due to:
a) Divergent plate boundary ✅
b) Convergent plate boundary
c) Transform fault
d) Subduction zone
Explanation: Plates move apart at divergent boundaries, causing shallow earthquakes.
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Q82. Which Indian state lies in the highest seismic zone (Zone V)?
a) Arunachal Pradesh ✅
b) Kerala
c) Rajasthan
d) Punjab
Explanation: Northeastern states like Arunachal Pradesh fall in Zone V.
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Q83. The Gujarat earthquake of 2001 occurred in:
a) Bhuj ✅
b) Surat
c) Ahmedabad
d) Rajkot
Explanation: The devastating 2001 earthquake struck Bhuj in Gujarat.
---
Q84. The Kashmir region is prone to earthquakes due to:
a) Collision of Indian and Eurasian plates ✅
b) Volcanic activity
c) Desertification
d) Ocean currents
Explanation: The Himalayan collision zone makes Kashmir highly seismic.
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Q85. The Andaman & Nicobar Islands are prone to earthquakes due to:
a) Subduction of Indian Plate under Burmese Plate ✅
b) Desert storms
c) Glacier melting
d) River flooding
Explanation: Subduction zones near Andaman cause frequent earthquakes.
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Q86. Which seismic zone is considered least active in India?
a) Zone II ✅
b) Zone III
c) Zone IV
d) Zone V
Explanation: Zone II is the least active, with low seismic risk.
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Q87. The 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake was of magnitude:
a) 8.4 ✅
b) 6.0
c) 7.2
d) 9.0
Explanation: The 1934 earthquake was one of the strongest in Indian history.
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Q88. The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake triggered:
a) Tsunami ✅
b) Cyclone
c) Landslide
d) Flood
Explanation: The 2004 earthquake caused a massive tsunami across the Indian Ocean.
---
Q89. Which Indian city lies in Zone IV?
a) Delhi ✅
b) Mumbai
c) Chennai
d) Kolkata
Explanation: Delhi lies in Zone IV, indicating high seismic risk.
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Q90. The Shillong Plateau is prone to earthquakes due to:
a) Fault movements ✅
b) Volcanic eruptions
c) Glacier melting
d) Desertification
Explanation: Fault systems in Shillong Plateau cause frequent earthquakes.
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Q91. The 1905 Kangra earthquake occurred in:
a) Himachal Pradesh ✅
b) Gujarat
c) Assam
d) Maharashtra
Explanation: The Kangra earthquake devastated Himachal Pradesh in 1905.
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Q92. The 1950 Assam earthquake was of magnitude:
a) 8.6 ✅
b) 7.0
c) 6.5
d) 9.0
Explanation: The 1950 Assam earthquake was one of the largest recorded in India.
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Q93. Which Indian city lies in Zone III?
a) Chennai ✅
b) Delhi
c) Mumbai
d) Shillong
Explanation: Chennai lies in Zone III, indicating moderate seismic risk.
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Q94. The Himalayan belt is classified under:
a) Zone V ✅
b) Zone II
c) Zone III
d) Zone IV
Explanation: The Himalayan belt is the most seismically active, in Zone V.
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Q95. The 1993 Latur earthquake occurred in:
a) Maharashtra ✅
b) Gujarat
c) Assam
d) Rajasthan
Explanation: The Latur earthquake struck Maharashtra in 1993.
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Q96. The 1988 Bihar earthquake occurred near:
a) Darbhanga ✅
b) Patna
c) Gaya
d) Bhagalpur
Explanation: The 1988 earthquake affected Darbhanga in Bihar.
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Q97. Which Indian city lies in Zone II?
a) Bangalore ✅
b) Delhi
c) Kolkata
d) Guwahati
Explanation: Bangalore lies in Zone II, with low seismic risk.
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Q98. The 2005 Muzaffarabad earthquake affected:
a) Kashmir region ✅
b) Gujarat
c) Assam
d) Rajasthan
Explanation: The Muzaffarabad earthquake devastated Kashmir in 2005.
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Q99. The 1967 Koyna earthquake was linked to:
a) Reservoir-induced seismicity ✅
b) Volcanic eruption
c) Glacier melting
d) Desertification
Explanation: The Koyna Dam reservoir triggered the 1967 earthquake.
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Q100. The 2015 Nepal earthquake was of magnitude:
a) 7.8 ✅
b) 6.0
c) 8.5
d) 9.0
Explanation: The 2015 Nepal earthquake measured 7.8, causing widespread destruction.
---
Q101. The primary effect of an earthquake is:
a) Ground shaking ✅
b) Tsunami
c) Landslide
d) Fire
Explanation: Ground shaking is the direct and primary effect of earthquakes.
---
Q102. Surface rupture occurs when:
a) Fault breaks reach the Earth’s surface ✅
b) Volcano erupts
c) Landslide occurs
d) Tsunami waves strike
Explanation: Surface rupture happens when fault lines break through to the surface.
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Q103. Which of the following is a secondary effect of earthquakes?
a) Tsunami ✅
b) Ground shaking
c) Surface rupture
d) Fault slippage
Explanation: Tsunamis are secondary effects triggered by undersea earthquakes.
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Q104. Earthquakes often trigger:
a) Landslides ✅
b) Photosynthesis
c) Desertification
d) Glacial melting
Explanation: Landslides are common secondary effects in mountainous regions.
---
Q105. Fires after earthquakes are usually caused by:
a) Broken gas lines ✅
b) Plate collision
c) Volcanic eruption
d) Heavy rainfall
Explanation: Earthquakes can rupture pipelines, leading to fires.
---
Q106. Liquefaction occurs when:
a) Saturated soil loses strength ✅
b) Rocks melt
c) Volcano erupts
d) Fault slips
Explanation: Liquefaction makes soil behave like liquid during shaking.
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Q107. Tsunamis are generated by:
a) Undersea earthquakes ✅
b) Desert storms
c) Glacier melting
d) Wind erosion
Explanation: Undersea earthquakes displace water, creating tsunamis.
---
Q108. The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was caused by:
a) Earthquake near Sumatra ✅
b) Cyclone
c) Volcanic eruption
d) Landslide
Explanation: A massive undersea earthquake near Sumatra triggered the tsunami.
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Q109. Which of the following is NOT an effect of earthquakes?
a) Ground shaking
b) Tsunami
c) Landslide
d) Photosynthesis ✅
Explanation: Photosynthesis is unrelated to earthquakes.
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Q110. Earthquakes can damage:
a) Buildings and infrastructure ✅
b) Photosynthesis
c) Ocean currents
d) Wind patterns
Explanation: Earthquakes cause structural damage to human settlements.
---
Q111. Secondary effects of earthquakes include:
a) Fires ✅
b) Fault rupture
c) Ground shaking
d) Elastic rebound
Explanation: Fires are secondary effects caused by broken pipelines.
---
Q112. Which effect of earthquakes is most dangerous in coastal areas?
a) Tsunami ✅
b) Landslide
c) Ground shaking
d) Liquefaction
Explanation: Tsunamis devastate coastal regions after earthquakes.
---
Q113. Liquefaction is most likely in:
a) Water-saturated sandy soils ✅
b) Rocky mountains
c) Desert regions
d) Polar ice caps
Explanation: Loose, water-saturated soils are prone to liquefaction.
---
Q114. Earthquakes can indirectly cause:
a) Epidemics ✅
b) Photosynthesis
c) Plate drift
d) Glacier melting
Explanation: Earthquakes disrupt sanitation and water supply, leading to epidemics.
---
Q115. Which of the following is a primary effect of earthquakes?
a) Fault rupture ✅
b) Tsunami
c) Landslide
d) Fire
Explanation: Fault rupture is a direct effect of seismic activity.
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Q116. Earthquakes can change:
a) River courses ✅
b) Photosynthesis
c) Wind direction
d) Ocean salinity
Explanation: Earthquakes may alter river paths due to land deformation.
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Q117. Which earthquake effect is most destructive to tall buildings?
a) Ground shaking ✅
b) Tsunami
c) Landslide
d) Fire
Explanation: Ground shaking destabilizes tall structures.
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Q118. Tsunamis travel at speeds up to:
a) 800 km/h ✅
b) 100 km/h
c) 50 km/h
d) 20 km/h
Explanation: Tsunami waves can travel extremely fast across oceans.
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Q119. Earthquakes can cause subsidence, which means:
a) Land sinking ✅
b) Land rising
c) Soil erosion
d) Glacier melting
Explanation: Subsidence is the sinking of land due to seismic activity.
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Q120. Which of the following is a secondary effect of earthquakes?
a) Liquefaction ✅
b) Fault rupture
c) Ground shaking
d) Elastic rebound
Explanation: Liquefaction is a secondary effect caused by soil instability.
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Q121. Earthquakes can indirectly lead to:
a) Economic loss ✅
b) Photosynthesis
c) Desertification
d) Ocean currents
Explanation: Earthquakes disrupt economies through damage and rehabilitation costs.
---
Q122. Which earthquake effect is most dangerous in mountainous regions?
a) Landslides ✅
b) Tsunami
c) Liquefaction
d) Fire
Explanation: Landslides are common in mountains after earthquakes.
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Q123. Earthquakes can cause:
a) Dam failures ✅
b) Photosynthesis
c) Desert storms
d) Glacier melting
Explanation: Earthquakes may damage dams, leading to floods.
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Q124. Tsunamis are most destructive when they:
a) Reach shallow coastal waters ✅
b) Stay in deep ocean
c) Travel underground
d) Move through deserts
Explanation: Tsunami waves amplify in shallow coastal waters.
---
Q125. Earthquakes can lead to:
a) Soil liquefaction ✅
b) Photosynthesis
c) Desertification
d) Glacier melting
Explanation: Soil liquefaction destabilizes foundations during earthquakes.
---
Q126. Earthquake mitigation refers to:
a) Reducing risks and impacts ✅
b) Increasing magnitude
c) Triggering seismic waves
d) Studying volcanoes
Explanation: Mitigation involves reducing the damage and risks associated with earthquakes.
---
Q127. Which of the following is a structural mitigation measure?
a) Earthquake-resistant buildings ✅
b) Public awareness campaigns
c) Evacuation drills
d) Disaster education
Explanation: Structural measures include engineering solutions like earthquake-resistant buildings.
---
Q128. Non-structural mitigation measures include:
a) Public awareness ✅
b) Strong building codes
c) Seismic retrofitting
d) Base isolation
Explanation: Non-structural measures focus on education, awareness, and preparedness.
---
Q129. Base isolation in buildings helps by:
a) Absorbing seismic energy ✅
b) Increasing building height
c) Reducing construction cost
d) Preventing rainfall damage
Explanation: Base isolation systems absorb seismic energy, reducing shaking impact.
---
Q130. The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) in India was established in:
a) 2005 ✅
b) 1990
c) 2010
d) 1985
Explanation: NDMA was established in 2005 to manage disasters including earthquakes.
---
Q131. Which organization in India is responsible for disaster response?
a) NDRF ✅
b) ISRO
c) RBI
d) WHO
Explanation: The National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) handles disaster response.
---
Q132. Earthquake-resistant design includes:
a) Flexible structures ✅
b) Rigid structures
c) Heavy roofs
d) Weak foundations
Explanation: Flexible structures withstand seismic forces better than rigid ones.
---
Q133. Retrofitting of buildings means:
a) Strengthening old structures ✅
b) Demolishing buildings
c) Building new skyscrapers
d) Painting walls
Explanation: Retrofitting strengthens existing buildings to resist earthquakes.
---
Q134. Which of the following is a preparedness measure?
a) Conducting evacuation drills ✅
b) Constructing dams
c) Mining activities
d) Building highways
Explanation: Preparedness measures include evacuation drills and awareness programs.
---
Q135. Seismic zoning maps are used for:
a) Identifying earthquake-prone areas ✅
b) Measuring rainfall
c) Studying volcanoes
d) Mapping deserts
Explanation: Seismic zoning maps classify regions based on earthquake risk.
---
Q136. Which of the following is NOT a mitigation measure?
a) Weak building codes ✅
b) Seismic retrofitting
c) Base isolation
d) Public awareness
Explanation: Weak building codes increase risk, not mitigate it.
---
Q137. Earthquake drills in schools are an example of:
a) Preparedness ✅
b) Structural mitigation
c) Seismic retrofitting
d) Base isolation
Explanation: Drills prepare students for emergency response during earthquakes.
---
Q138. Early warning systems help by:
a) Alerting people before shaking starts ✅
b) Preventing earthquakes
c) Reducing magnitude
d) Stopping plate movement
Explanation: Early warning systems provide seconds to minutes of advance notice.
---
Q139. Which of the following is a community-level mitigation measure?
a) Public awareness campaigns ✅
b) Base isolation
c) Seismic retrofitting
d) Strong foundations
Explanation: Community-level measures focus on awareness and preparedness.
---
Q140. Earthquake-resistant houses should have:
a) Light roofs ✅
b) Heavy roofs
c) Weak foundations
d) Tall unsupported walls
Explanation: Light roofs reduce collapse risk during earthquakes.
---
Q141. Which of the following is a response measure after earthquakes?
a) Rescue operations ✅
b) Base isolation
c) Seismic retrofitting
d) Public awareness
Explanation: Response measures include rescue and relief operations.
---
Q142. Which Indian act governs disaster management?
a) Disaster Management Act, 2005 ✅
b) Environment Protection Act
c) Forest Conservation Act
d) Water Act
Explanation: The Disaster Management Act, 2005 governs disaster management in India.
---
Q143. Which of the following is a mitigation strategy for bridges?
a) Seismic design ✅
b) Weak foundations
c) Heavy decks
d) Poor materials
Explanation: Seismic design ensures bridges withstand earthquakes.
---
Q144. Which of the following is a long-term mitigation measure?
a) Strong building codes ✅
b) Rescue operations
c) Evacuation drills
d) Relief distribution
Explanation: Strong building codes reduce long-term earthquake risks.
---
Q145. Which of the following is a short-term response measure?
a) Providing emergency shelters ✅
b) Seismic retrofitting
c) Base isolation
d) Building codes
Explanation: Emergency shelters are short-term response measures.
---
Q146. Which of the following is a recovery measure?
a) Rehabilitation of affected people ✅
b) Base isolation
c) Seismic retrofitting
d) Public awareness
Explanation: Recovery measures include rehabilitation and rebuilding.
---
Q147. Which of the following is a mitigation measure for lifeline structures?
a) Seismic strengthening ✅
b) Weak construction
c) Poor materials
d) Heavy roofs
Explanation: Lifeline structures like hospitals need seismic strengthening.
---
Q148. Which of the following is a preparedness measure for households?
a) Emergency kits ✅
b) Weak foundations
c) Heavy roofs
d) Tall walls
Explanation: Emergency kits help households prepare for earthquakes.
---
Q149. Which of the following is a mitigation measure for dams?
a) Seismic design ✅
b) Weak foundations
c) Poor materials
d) Heavy decks
Explanation: Seismic design ensures dams withstand earthquakes.
---
Q150. Which of the following is a response measure?
a) Medical aid ✅
b) Seismic retrofitting
c) Base isolation
d) Building codes
Explanation: Medical aid is a key response measure after earthquakes.
---
Q151. The 2011 Tohoku earthquake in Japan measured:
a) 9.0 ✅
b) 7.5
c) 8.2
d) 6.8
Explanation: The Tohoku earthquake was magnitude 9.0, one of the strongest ever recorded.
---
Q152. The 2011 Tohoku earthquake triggered:
a) Tsunami ✅
b) Cyclone
c) Landslide
d) Flood
Explanation: The earthquake caused a massive tsunami along Japan’s coast.
---
Q153. The Fukushima nuclear disaster was linked to:
a) 2011 Tohoku earthquake ✅
b) 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake
c) 1993 Latur earthquake
d) 1950 Assam earthquake
Explanation: The tsunami from the Tohoku earthquake damaged Fukushima nuclear plant.
---
Q154. The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake was of magnitude:
a) 9.1 ✅
b) 7.0
c) 8.0
d) 6.5
Explanation: The 2004 earthquake near Sumatra measured 9.1, causing a devastating tsunami.
---
Q155. The 2001 Bhuj earthquake in Gujarat measured:
a) 7.7 ✅
b) 6.0
c) 8.2
d) 5.5
Explanation: The Bhuj earthquake was magnitude 7.7, causing widespread destruction.
---
Q156. The 1993 Latur earthquake was unusual because:
a) It occurred in a stable region ✅
b) It was volcanic
c) It was explosion-induced
d) It was shallow-focus
Explanation: Latur earthquake occurred in peninsular India, a stable region.
---
Q157. The 1950 Assam earthquake was caused by:
a) Tectonic collision ✅
b) Volcanic eruption
c) Reservoir-induced activity
d) Glacier melting
Explanation: The Assam earthquake was due to tectonic collision in the Himalayas.
---
Q158. The San Francisco earthquake of 1906 was explained by:
a) Elastic rebound theory ✅
b) Plate drift theory
c) Seafloor spreading
d) Continental drift
Explanation: Elastic rebound theory was proposed after the 1906 earthquake.
---
Q159. The 1985 Mexico City earthquake was destructive because:
a) Soft soil amplification ✅
b) Volcanic eruption
c) Glacier melting
d) Desertification
Explanation: Soft soil amplified seismic waves, increasing destruction.
---
Q160. The 2015 Nepal earthquake measured:
a) 7.8 ✅
b) 6.0
c) 8.5
d) 9.0
Explanation: The Nepal earthquake was magnitude 7.8, devastating Kathmandu valley.
---
Q161. The 2005 Kashmir earthquake measured:
a) 7.6 ✅
b) 6.0
c) 8.2
d) 5.5
Explanation: The Kashmir earthquake was magnitude 7.6, causing massive casualties.
---
Q162. The 1960 Chile earthquake measured:
a) 9.5 ✅
b) 8.0
c) 7.2
d) 6.5
Explanation: The 1960 Chile earthquake was the largest recorded, magnitude 9.5.
---
Q163. The 1960 Chile earthquake triggered:
a) Tsunami ✅
b) Cyclone
c) Landslide
d) Flood
Explanation: The earthquake generated a massive tsunami across the Pacific.
---
Q164. The 1988 Spitak earthquake occurred in:
a) Armenia ✅
b) India
c) Japan
d) Mexico
Explanation: The Spitak earthquake devastated Armenia in 1988.
---
Q165. The 1988 Spitak earthquake measured:
a) 6.8 ✅
b) 7.5
c) 8.0
d) 5.5
Explanation: The Spitak earthquake was magnitude 6.8, causing severe damage.
---
Q166. The 1970 Peru earthquake measured:
a) 7.9 ✅
b) 6.0
c) 8.5
d) 5.5
Explanation: The Peru earthquake was magnitude 7.9, triggering landslides.
---
Q167. The 1970 Peru earthquake triggered:
a) Landslide ✅
b) Tsunami
c) Cyclone
d) Flood
Explanation: The earthquake caused a massive landslide in Huascarán.
---
Q168. The 1999 Izmit earthquake occurred in:
a) Turkey ✅
b) India
c) Japan
d) Mexico
Explanation: The Izmit earthquake struck Turkey in 1999.
---
Q169. The 1999 Izmit earthquake measured:
a) 7.6 ✅
b) 6.0
c) 8.2
d) 5.5
Explanation: The Izmit earthquake was magnitude 7.6, devastating Turkey.
---
Q170. The 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake occurred in:
a) California ✅
b) Japan
c) India
d) Mexico
Explanation: The Loma Prieta earthquake struck California in 1989.
---
Q171. The 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake measured:
a) 6.9 ✅
b) 7.5
c) 8.0
d) 5.5
Explanation: The Loma Prieta earthquake was magnitude 6.9.
---
Q172. The 2010 Haiti earthquake measured:
a) 7.0 ✅
b) 6.0
c) 8.2
d) 5.5
Explanation: The Haiti earthquake was magnitude 7.0, causing widespread devastation.
---
Q173. The 2010 Haiti earthquake was destructive because:
a) Poor building standards ✅
b) Volcanic eruption
c) Glacier melting
d) Desertification
Explanation: Weak infrastructure amplified the destruction in Haiti.
---
Q174. The 2008 Sichuan earthquake occurred in:
a) China ✅
b) India
c) Japan
d) Mexico
Explanation: The Sichuan earthquake struck China in 2008.
---
Q175. The 2008 Sichuan earthquake measured:
a) 7.9 ✅
b) 6.0
c) 8.5
d) 5.5
Explanation: The Sichuan earthquake was magnitude 7.9, devastating Sichuan province.
---
Q176. Earthquakes are most closely linked to which geological theory?
a) Plate tectonics ✅
b) Evolution
c) Photosynthesis
d) Hydrological cycle
Explanation: Plate tectonics explains the movement of plates that cause earthquakes.
---
Q177. Which type of plate boundary produces the strongest earthquakes?
a) Convergent ✅
b) Divergent
c) Transform
d) Passive margin
Explanation: Convergent boundaries generate the largest magnitude earthquakes.
---
Q178. Earthquakes provide evidence for:
a) Dynamic nature of Earth ✅
b) Static Earth
c) Fixed continents
d) Stable crust
Explanation: Earthquakes show that Earth’s crust is dynamic and constantly changing.
---
Q179. Which seismic wave is used to study the liquid outer core?
a) S-waves ✅
b) P-waves
c) Love waves
d) Rayleigh waves
Explanation: S-waves cannot pass through liquids, revealing the outer core’s nature.
---
Q180. Which seismic wave is used to study the solid mantle?
a) P-waves ✅
b) S-waves
c) Love waves
d) Rayleigh waves
Explanation: P-waves travel through solids and liquids, helping study mantle structure.
---
Q181. Earthquakes are important for geologists because they:
a) Reveal Earth’s internal structure ✅
b) Cause photosynthesis
c) Stop plate movement
d) Create deserts
Explanation: Seismic waves provide information about Earth’s interior.
---
Q182. Earthquakes can indirectly lead to:
a) Tsunamis ✅
b) Photosynthesis
c) Desertification
d) Glacier melting
Explanation: Undersea earthquakes displace water, generating tsunamis.
---
Q183. Earthquakes in volcanic regions are often:
a) Shallow-focus ✅
b) Deep-focus
c) Absent
d) Moderate-focus
Explanation: Volcanic earthquakes are shallow-focus due to magma activity.
---
Q184. Earthquakes in subduction zones are often:
a) Deep-focus ✅
b) Shallow-focus
c) Absent
d) Moderate-focus
Explanation: Subduction zones push plates deep, causing deep-focus earthquakes.
---
Q185. Earthquakes in divergent boundaries are usually:
a) Shallow-focus ✅
b) Deep-focus
c) Absent
d) Moderate-focus
Explanation: Divergent boundaries produce shallow-focus earthquakes.
---
Q186. Earthquakes in transform boundaries are usually:
a) Shallow-focus ✅
b) Deep-focus
c) Absent
d) Moderate-focus
Explanation: Transform faults generate shallow-focus earthquakes.
---
Q187. Earthquakes can be predicted by:
a) Seismic gap theory ✅
b) Photosynthesis
c) Plate drift theory
d) Glacier melting
Explanation: Seismic gap theory suggests quakes occur where stress has built up.
---
Q188. Which of the following is NOT used in earthquake prediction?
a) Animal behavior
b) Seismic gap theory
c) Plate tectonics
d) Photosynthesis ✅
Explanation: Photosynthesis is unrelated to earthquake prediction.
---
Q189. Earthquake-resistant buildings should avoid:
a) Heavy roofs ✅
b) Light roofs
c) Flexible structures
d) Strong foundations
Explanation: Heavy roofs increase collapse risk during earthquakes.
---
Q190. Earthquake drills are important because they:
a) Prepare people for emergencies ✅
b) Increase magnitude
c) Stop plate movement
d) Cause landslides
Explanation: Drills prepare communities for effective response.
---
Q191. Earthquakes can cause changes in:
a) River courses ✅
b) Photosynthesis
c) Wind direction
d) Ocean salinity
Explanation: Earthquakes may alter river paths due to land deformation.
---
Q192. Earthquakes can trigger:
a) Landslides ✅
b) Photosynthesis
c) Desertification
d) Glacier melting
Explanation: Landslides are common secondary effects in mountains.
---
Q193. Earthquakes can damage:
a) Infrastructure ✅
b) Photosynthesis
c) Ocean currents
d) Wind patterns
Explanation: Earthquakes cause structural damage to human settlements.
---
Q194. Earthquakes can indirectly cause:
a) Epidemics ✅
b) Photosynthesis
c) Plate drift
d) Glacier melting
Explanation: Earthquakes disrupt sanitation and water supply, leading to epidemics.
---
Q195. Earthquakes can lead to:
a) Economic loss ✅
b) Photosynthesis
c) Desertification
d) Ocean currents
Explanation: Earthquakes disrupt economies through damage and rehabilitation costs.
---
Q196. Earthquakes can cause:
a) Dam failures ✅
b) Photosynthesis
c) Desert storms
d) Glacier melting
Explanation: Earthquakes may damage dams, leading to floods.
---
Q197. Earthquakes can lead to:
a) Soil liquefaction ✅
b) Photosynthesis
c) Desertification
d) Glacier melting
Explanation: Soil liquefaction destabilizes foundations during earthquakes.
---
Q198. Earthquakes can cause:
a) Subsidence ✅
b) Photosynthesis
c) Wind erosion
d) Glacier melting
Explanation: Subsidence is the sinking of land due to seismic activity.
---
Q199. Earthquakes can cause:
a) Tsunamis ✅
b) Photosynthesis
c) Desertification
d) Glacier melting
Explanation: Undersea earthquakes displace water, generating tsunamis.
---
Q200. Earthquakes can cause:
a) Fires ✅
b) Photosynthesis
c) Desert storms
d) Glacier melting
Explanation: Fires are secondary effects caused by broken pipelines and electrical faults.
Q201. The 1906 San Francisco earthquake measured:
a) 7.9 ✅
b) 6.0
c) 8.5
d) 5.5
Explanation: The San Francisco earthquake was magnitude 7.9, devastating the city.
---
Q202. The 1906 San Francisco earthquake was explained by:
a) Elastic rebound theory ✅
b) Plate drift theory
c) Seafloor spreading
d) Continental drift
Explanation: Elastic rebound theory was proposed after this earthquake.
---
Q203. The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami affected:
a) 14 countries ✅
b) 5 countries
c) 20 countries
d) 2 countries
Explanation: The tsunami impacted 14 countries across Asia and Africa.
---
Q204. The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami killed approximately:
a) 230,000 people ✅
b) 50,000 people
c) 100,000 people
d) 500,000 people
Explanation: The tsunami caused massive casualties across multiple nations.
---
Q205. The 2011 Tohoku earthquake caused damage worth:
a) $235 billion ✅
b) $50 billion
c) $100 billion
d) $500 billion
Explanation: It was the costliest natural disaster in history.
---
Q206. The 2011 Tohoku earthquake shifted Earth’s axis by:
a) 10 cm ✅
b) 1 cm
c) 50 cm
d) 100 cm
Explanation: The earthquake shifted Earth’s axis by about 10 cm.
---
Q207. The 2015 Nepal earthquake killed approximately:
a) 9,000 people ✅
b) 2,000 people
c) 20,000 people
d) 50,000 people
Explanation: The Nepal earthquake caused around 9,000 deaths.
---
Q208. The 2010 Haiti earthquake killed approximately:
a) 220,000 people ✅
b) 50,000 people
c) 100,000 people
d) 500,000 people
Explanation: The Haiti earthquake caused massive casualties due to poor infrastructure.
---
Q209. The 1960 Chile earthquake generated tsunamis that reached:
a) Hawaii and Japan ✅
b) India and Africa
c) Australia and Antarctica
d) Europe and Russia
Explanation: Tsunamis from Chile reached Hawaii and Japan.
---
Q210. The 2001 Bhuj earthquake killed approximately:
a) 20,000 people ✅
b) 5,000 people
c) 50,000 people
d) 100,000 people
Explanation: The Bhuj earthquake caused around 20,000 deaths.
---
Q211. The 1999 Izmit earthquake killed approximately:
a) 17,000 people ✅
b) 5,000 people
c) 50,000 people
d) 100,000 people
Explanation: The Izmit earthquake caused about 17,000 deaths in Turkey.
---
Q212. The 2008 Sichuan earthquake killed approximately:
a) 87,000 people ✅
b) 20,000 people
c) 50,000 people
d) 100,000 people
Explanation: The Sichuan earthquake caused around 87,000 deaths.
---
Q213. The 1985 Mexico City earthquake killed approximately:
a) 10,000 people ✅
b) 2,000 people
c) 50,000 people
d) 100,000 people
Explanation: The Mexico City earthquake caused about 10,000 deaths.
---
Q214. The 1970 Peru earthquake killed approximately:
a) 70,000 people ✅
b) 20,000 people
c) 50,000 people
d) 100,000 people
Explanation: The Peru earthquake triggered landslides, killing 70,000 people.
---
Q215. The 1988 Spitak earthquake killed approximately:
a) 25,000 people ✅
b) 5,000 people
c) 50,000 people
d) 100,000 people
Explanation: The Spitak earthquake caused about 25,000 deaths in Armenia.
---
Q216. The 2005 Kashmir earthquake killed approximately:
a) 80,000 people ✅
b) 20,000 people
c) 50,000 people
d) 100,000 people
Explanation: The Kashmir earthquake caused around 80,000 deaths.
---
Q217. The 1950 Assam earthquake killed approximately:
a) 1,500 people ✅
b) 5,000 people
c) 10,000 people
d) 20,000 people
Explanation: The Assam earthquake caused about 1,500 deaths.
---
Q218. The 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake killed approximately:
a) 10,700 people ✅
b) 5,000 people
c) 20,000 people
d) 50,000 people
Explanation: The Bihar-Nepal earthquake caused about 10,700 deaths.
---
Q219. The 1905 Kangra earthquake killed approximately:
a) 20,000 people ✅
b) 5,000 people
c) 50,000 people
d) 100,000 people
Explanation: The Kangra earthquake caused about 20,000 deaths.
---
Q220. The 1993 Latur earthquake killed approximately:
a) 10,000 people ✅
b) 5,000 people
c) 20,000 people
d) 50,000 people
Explanation: The Latur earthquake caused about 10,000 deaths.
---
Q221. The 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake killed approximately:
a) 63 people ✅
b) 500 people
c) 1,000 people
d) 5,000 people
Explanation: The Loma Prieta earthquake caused 63 deaths in California.
---
Q222. The 2010 Chile earthquake killed approximately:
a) 525 people ✅
b) 5,000 people
c) 1,000 people
d) 10,000 people
Explanation: The Chile earthquake caused about 525 deaths.
---
Q223. The 2011 Tohoku earthquake killed approximately:
a) 15,800 people ✅
b) 5,000 people
c) 20,000 people
d) 50,000 people
Explanation: The Tohoku earthquake caused about 15,800 deaths.
---
Q224. The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami displaced approximately:
a) 1.7 million people ✅
b) 500,000 people
c) 5 million people
d) 10 million people
Explanation: The tsunami displaced about 1.7 million people.
---
Q225. The 2015 Nepal earthquake displaced approximately:
a) 2.8 million people ✅
b) 500,000 people
c) 1 million people
d) 5 million people
Explanation: The Nepal earthquake displaced about 2.8 million people.
Q226. Earthquake hazard maps are used to:
a) Identify high-risk areas ✅
b) Measure rainfall
c) Study volcanoes
d) Map deserts
Explanation: Hazard maps show regions prone to earthquakes for planning and safety.
---
Q227. Earthquake risk is highest in:
a) Densely populated urban areas ✅
b) Polar regions
c) Deserts
d) Oceans
Explanation: Urban areas face higher risk due to population density and infrastructure.
---
Q228. Earthquake vulnerability depends on:
a) Building design ✅
b) Photosynthesis
c) Ocean currents
d) Wind erosion
Explanation: Poor building design increases vulnerability to earthquakes.
---
Q229. Earthquake resilience means:
a) Ability to recover quickly ✅
b) Increasing magnitude
c) Preventing plate movement
d) Stopping seismic waves
Explanation: Resilience is the capacity to recover after earthquakes.
---
Q230. Earthquake preparedness includes:
a) Emergency kits ✅
b) Heavy roofs
c) Weak foundations
d) Tall walls
Explanation: Emergency kits are essential for preparedness.
---
Q231. Earthquake mitigation in cities includes:
a) Strong building codes ✅
b) Weak construction
c) Poor materials
d) Heavy roofs
Explanation: Strong building codes reduce earthquake risks.
---
Q232. Earthquake risk assessment involves:
a) Studying seismic history ✅
b) Photosynthesis
c) Desertification
d) Glacier melting
Explanation: Seismic history helps assess earthquake risk.
---
Q233. Earthquake drills are important for:
a) Community preparedness ✅
b) Increasing magnitude
c) Stopping plate movement
d) Causing landslides
Explanation: Drills prepare communities for effective response.
---
Q234. Earthquake insurance helps by:
a) Providing financial protection ✅
b) Preventing earthquakes
c) Reducing magnitude
d) Stopping seismic waves
Explanation: Insurance provides financial support after earthquakes.
---
Q235. Earthquake risk is reduced by:
a) Seismic retrofitting ✅
b) Weak foundations
c) Heavy roofs
d) Poor materials
Explanation: Retrofitting strengthens buildings against earthquakes.
---
Q236. Earthquake preparedness in schools includes:
a) Evacuation drills ✅
b) Weak construction
c) Heavy roofs
d) Tall walls
Explanation: Drills prepare students for emergencies.
---
Q237. Earthquake risk mapping is done by:
a) Seismologists ✅
b) Botanists
c) Meteorologists
d) Oceanographers
Explanation: Seismologists study earthquakes and prepare risk maps.
---
Q238. Earthquake mitigation in rural areas includes:
a) Strengthening houses ✅
b) Weak construction
c) Poor materials
d) Heavy roofs
Explanation: Strengthening rural houses reduces earthquake risk.
---
Q239. Earthquake preparedness at household level includes:
a) Securing furniture ✅
b) Weak foundations
c) Heavy roofs
d) Tall walls
Explanation: Securing furniture prevents injuries during earthquakes.
---
Q240. Earthquake risk is highest in India in:
a) Himalayan belt ✅
b) Desert regions
c) Coastal plains
d) Plateau regions
Explanation: The Himalayan belt is the most seismically active in India.
---
Q241. Earthquake mitigation for hospitals includes:
a) Seismic strengthening ✅
b) Weak construction
c) Poor materials
d) Heavy roofs
Explanation: Hospitals must be strengthened to function during disasters.
---
Q242. Earthquake preparedness for offices includes:
a) Emergency exits ✅
b) Weak foundations
c) Heavy roofs
d) Tall walls
Explanation: Emergency exits are vital for office preparedness.
---
Q243. Earthquake risk is reduced by:
a) Public awareness ✅
b) Weak construction
c) Poor materials
d) Heavy roofs
Explanation: Awareness campaigns reduce risk by educating people.
---
Q244. Earthquake preparedness includes:
a) Identifying safe zones ✅
b) Weak foundations
c) Heavy roofs
d) Tall walls
Explanation: Safe zones help people protect themselves during earthquakes.
---
Q245. Earthquake mitigation for bridges includes:
a) Seismic design ✅
b) Weak foundations
c) Poor materials
d) Heavy decks
Explanation: Seismic design ensures bridges withstand earthquakes.
---
Q246. Earthquake preparedness for coastal areas includes:
a) Tsunami evacuation plans ✅
b) Weak construction
c) Heavy roofs
d) Tall walls
Explanation: Tsunami evacuation plans are essential in coastal areas.
---
Q247. Earthquake risk is reduced by:
a) Strong foundations ✅
b) Weak construction
c) Poor materials
d) Heavy roofs
Explanation: Strong foundations increase building stability.
---
Q248. Earthquake preparedness includes:
a) First aid training ✅
b) Weak foundations
c) Heavy roofs
d) Tall walls
Explanation: First aid training helps communities respond effectively.
---
Q249. Earthquake mitigation for dams includes:
a) Seismic design ✅
b) Weak foundations
c) Poor materials
d) Heavy decks
Explanation: Seismic design ensures dams withstand earthquakes.
---
Q250. Earthquake preparedness for households includes:
a) Emergency contact lists ✅
b) Weak foundations
c) Heavy roofs
d) Tall walls
Explanation: Contact lists help families coordinate during emergencies.
---
Q251. Earthquakes along the San Andreas Fault are due to:
a) Transform boundary movement ✅
b) Convergent boundary
c) Divergent boundary
d) Subduction zone
Explanation: The San Andreas Fault is a transform boundary where plates slide past each other.
---
Q252. The Himalayan earthquakes are due to:
a) Convergent boundary collision ✅
b) Divergent boundary
c) Transform fault
d) Subduction of Pacific Plate
Explanation: The Indian Plate colliding with the Eurasian Plate causes Himalayan earthquakes.
---
Q253. Earthquakes along mid-ocean ridges are:
a) Shallow-focus ✅
b) Deep-focus
c) Absent
d) Moderate-focus
Explanation: Divergent boundaries produce shallow-focus earthquakes.
---
Q254. Earthquakes in subduction zones are:
a) Deep-focus ✅
b) Shallow-focus
c) Absent
d) Moderate-focus
Explanation: Subduction zones push plates deep, causing deep-focus earthquakes.
---
Q255. Earthquakes in volcanic regions are:
a) Shallow-focus ✅
b) Deep-focus
c) Absent
d) Moderate-focus
Explanation: Volcanic earthquakes are shallow-focus due to magma activity.
---
Q256. Which of the following is NOT a secondary effect of earthquakes?
a) Ground shaking ✅
b) Tsunami
c) Landslide
d) Fire
Explanation: Ground shaking is a primary effect, not secondary.
---
Q257. Earthquake prediction is difficult because:
a) Exact timing cannot be determined ✅
b) Plate tectonics is unknown
c) Seismographs are inaccurate
d) Earthquakes do not occur
Explanation: Scientists cannot predict exact timing, only probabilities.
---
Q258. Seismic gap theory is based on:
a) Stress accumulation in fault zones ✅
b) Photosynthesis
c) Ocean currents
d) Wind erosion
Explanation: Seismic gap theory suggests earthquakes occur where stress has built up.
---
Q259. Earthquake-resistant buildings should have:
a) Flexible structures ✅
b) Rigid structures
c) Heavy roofs
d) Weak foundations
Explanation: Flexible structures withstand seismic forces better.
---
Q260. Liquefaction is most dangerous in:
a) Water-saturated sandy soils ✅
b) Rocky mountains
c) Desert regions
d) Polar ice caps
Explanation: Loose, water-saturated soils are prone to liquefaction.
---
Q261. Tsunamis are most destructive when they:
a) Reach shallow coastal waters ✅
b) Stay in deep ocean
c) Travel underground
d) Move through deserts
Explanation: Tsunami waves amplify in shallow coastal waters.
---
Q262. Earthquake magnitude is measured by:
a) Richter scale ✅
b) Mercalli scale
c) Beaufort scale
d) Fujita scale
Explanation: Richter scale measures magnitude based on seismograph readings.
---
Q263. Earthquake intensity is measured by:
a) Mercalli scale ✅
b) Richter scale
c) Mw scale
d) Beaufort scale
Explanation: Mercalli scale measures intensity based on observed effects.
---
Q264. The largest earthquake ever recorded was in:
a) Chile, 1960 ✅
b) Japan, 2011
c) Sumatra, 2004
d) Mexico, 1985
Explanation: The 1960 Chile earthquake measured 9.5, the largest recorded.
---
Q265. The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake was caused by:
a) Subduction of Indian Plate under Burma Plate ✅
b) Transform fault
c) Divergent boundary
d) Volcanic eruption
Explanation: Subduction triggered the massive earthquake near Sumatra.
---
Q266. The 2011 Tohoku earthquake was caused by:
a) Subduction of Pacific Plate under North American Plate ✅
b) Divergent boundary
c) Transform fault
d) Volcanic eruption
Explanation: Subduction triggered the Tohoku earthquake in Japan.
---
Q267. The 2015 Nepal earthquake was caused by:
a) Collision of Indian and Eurasian plates ✅
b) Divergent boundary
c) Transform fault
d) Volcanic eruption
Explanation: The Himalayan collision zone triggered the Nepal earthquake.
---
Q268. The 2001 Bhuj earthquake was caused by:
a) Intraplate fault movement ✅
b) Subduction zone
c) Volcanic eruption
d) Glacier melting
Explanation: Bhuj earthquake occurred in a stable intraplate region.
---
Q269. The 1993 Latur earthquake was caused by:
a) Intraplate fault movement ✅
b) Subduction zone
c) Volcanic eruption
d) Glacier melting
Explanation: Latur earthquake occurred in peninsular India, a stable region.
---
Q270. The 1967 Koyna earthquake was caused by:
a) Reservoir-induced seismicity ✅
b) Subduction zone
c) Volcanic eruption
d) Glacier melting
Explanation: The Koyna Dam reservoir triggered the earthquake.
---
Q271. Earthquake preparedness in coastal areas includes:
a) Tsunami evacuation plans ✅
b) Weak construction
c) Heavy roofs
d) Tall walls
Explanation: Tsunami evacuation plans are essential in coastal regions.
---
Q272. Earthquake preparedness in schools includes:
a) Evacuation drills ✅
b) Weak construction
c) Heavy roofs
d) Tall walls
Explanation: Drills prepare students for emergencies.
---
Q273. Earthquake preparedness in households includes:
a) Emergency kits ✅
b) Weak foundations
c) Heavy roofs
d) Tall walls
Explanation: Emergency kits are essential for household preparedness.
---
Q274. Earthquake mitigation in cities includes:
a) Strong building codes ✅
b) Weak construction
c) Poor materials
d) Heavy roofs
Explanation: Strong building codes reduce earthquake risks.
---
Q275. Earthquake mitigation for hospitals includes:
a) Seismic strengthening ✅
b) Weak construction
c) Poor materials
d) Heavy roofs
Explanation: Hospitals must be strengthened to function during disasters.
---
Q276. Which of the following earthquakes was intraplate in nature?
a) Latur, 1993 ✅
b) Tohoku, 2011
c) Chile, 1960
d) Sumatra, 2004
Explanation: The Latur earthquake occurred in peninsular India, a stable intraplate region.
---
Q277. Which earthquake was linked to reservoir-induced seismicity?
a) Koyna, 1967 ✅
b) Bhuj, 2001
c) Nepal, 2015
d) Assam, 1950
Explanation: The Koyna earthquake was triggered by reservoir-induced seismicity.
---
Q278. Which earthquake was explained by elastic rebound theory?
a) San Francisco, 1906 ✅
b) Nepal, 2015
c) Bhuj, 2001
d) Chile, 1960
Explanation: Elastic rebound theory was proposed after the 1906 San Francisco earthquake.
---
Q279. Which earthquake caused the Fukushima nuclear disaster?
a) Tohoku, 2011 ✅
b) Sumatra, 2004
c) Bhuj, 2001
d) Latur, 1993
Explanation: The tsunami from the Tohoku earthquake damaged Fukushima nuclear plant.
---
Q280. Which earthquake was the largest ever recorded?
a) Chile, 1960 ✅
b) Japan, 2011
c) Sumatra, 2004
d) Mexico, 1985
Explanation: The 1960 Chile earthquake measured 9.5, the largest recorded.
---
Q281. Which earthquake triggered a massive tsunami across the Indian Ocean?
a) Sumatra, 2004 ✅
b) Nepal, 2015
c) Bhuj, 2001
d) Latur, 1993
Explanation: The 2004 Sumatra earthquake triggered a devastating tsunami.
---
Q282. Which earthquake devastated Kathmandu valley?
a) Nepal, 2015 ✅
b) Assam, 1950
c) Bhuj, 2001
d) Latur, 1993
Explanation: The 2015 Nepal earthquake devastated Kathmandu valley.
---
Q283. Which earthquake devastated Turkey in 1999?
a) Izmit ✅
b) Latur
c) Bhuj
d) Assam
Explanation: The Izmit earthquake struck Turkey in 1999.
---
Q284. Which earthquake devastated Sichuan province in 2008?
a) China, 2008 ✅
b) Nepal, 2015
c) Bhuj, 2001
d) Latur, 1993
Explanation: The Sichuan earthquake devastated China in 2008.
---
Q285. Which earthquake devastated Haiti in 2010?
a) Haiti, 2010 ✅
b) Nepal, 2015
c) Bhuj, 2001
d) Latur, 1993
Explanation: The Haiti earthquake was magnitude 7.0, devastating the country.
---
Q286. Which earthquake devastated Mexico City in 1985?
a) Mexico, 1985 ✅
b) Nepal, 2015
c) Bhuj, 2001
d) Latur, 1993
Explanation: The Mexico City earthquake was magnitude 8.0, devastating the city.
---
Q287. Which earthquake devastated Armenia in 1988?
a) Spitak ✅
b) Nepal
c) Bhuj
d) Latur
Explanation: The Spitak earthquake devastated Armenia in 1988.
---
Q288. Which earthquake devastated Peru in 1970?
a) Peru, 1970 ✅
b) Nepal, 2015
c) Bhuj, 2001
d) Latur, 1993
Explanation: The Peru earthquake triggered landslides, killing thousands.
---
Q289. Which earthquake devastated Himachal Pradesh in 1905?
a) Kangra ✅
b) Nepal
c) Bhuj
d) Latur
Explanation: The Kangra earthquake devastated Himachal Pradesh in 1905.
---
Q290. Which earthquake devastated Assam in 1950?
a) Assam, 1950 ✅
b) Nepal, 2015
c) Bhuj, 2001
d) Latur, 1993
Explanation: The Assam earthquake was magnitude 8.6, one of the largest in India.
---
Q291. Which earthquake devastated Gujarat in 2001?
a) Bhuj ✅
b) Nepal
c) Latur
d) Assam
Explanation: The Bhuj earthquake devastated Gujarat in 2001.
---
Q292. Which earthquake devastated Maharashtra in 1993?
a) Latur ✅
b) Bhuj
c) Assam
d) Nepal
Explanation: The Latur earthquake devastated Maharashtra in 1993.
---
Q293. Which earthquake devastated Kashmir in 2005?
a) Muzaffarabad ✅
b) Bhuj
c) Assam
d) Nepal
Explanation: The Muzaffarabad earthquake devastated Kashmir in 2005.
---
Q294. Which earthquake devastated California in 1989?
a) Loma Prieta ✅
b) Bhuj
c) Assam
d) Nepal
Explanation: The Loma Prieta earthquake struck California in 1989.
---
Q295. Which earthquake devastated Chile in 2010?
a) Chile, 2010 ✅
b) Nepal
c) Bhuj
d) Latur
Explanation: The Chile earthquake was magnitude 8.8, devastating the country.
---
Q296. Which earthquake devastated Japan in 2011?
a) Tohoku ✅
b) Nepal
c) Bhuj
d) Latur
Explanation: The Tohoku earthquake devastated Japan in 2011.
---
Q297. Which earthquake devastated Sumatra in 2004?
a) Sumatra, 2004 ✅
b) Nepal
c) Bhuj
d) Latur
Explanation: The Sumatra earthquake triggered a massive tsunami.
---
Q298. Which earthquake devastated Nepal in 1934?
a) Bihar-Nepal ✅
b) Bhuj
c) Assam
d) Latur
Explanation: The Bihar-Nepal earthquake devastated the region in 1934.
---
Q299. Which earthquake devastated Darbhanga in 1988?
a) Bihar, 1988 ✅
b) Bhuj
c) Assam
d) Latur
Explanation: The Bihar earthquake affected Darbhanga in 1988.
---
Q300. Which earthquake devastated Maharashtra in 1967?
a) Koyna ✅
b) Bhuj
c) Assam
d) Nepal
Explanation: The Koyna earthquake was linked to reservoir-induced seismicity.
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