Climate
1. What is climate?
a) Average weather over time ✅
b) Daily temperature
c) Hourly rainfall
d) Wind speed
Explanation: Climate is the long-term pattern of weather in a region.
2. What is the main difference between weather and climate?
a) Timescale ✅
b) Temperature
c) Humidity
d) Pressure
Explanation: Weather is short-term; climate is long-term.
3. Which element is NOT part of climate?
a) Soil type ✅
b) Temperature
c) Rainfall
d) Humidity
Explanation: Soil type is not a climatic element.
4. Which element of climate affects agriculture most?
a) Rainfall ✅
b) Wind
c) Pressure
d) Cloud cover
Explanation: Rainfall determines crop growth and irrigation.
5. Which element of climate affects human comfort most?
a) Temperature ✅
b) Wind
c) Pressure
d) Cloud cover
Explanation: Temperature influences living conditions.
6. Which element of climate affects visibility?
a) Fog ✅
b) Rainfall
c) Wind
d) Pressure
Explanation: Fog reduces visibility in climate conditions.
7. Which element of climate affects storm formation?
a) Pressure ✅
b) Temperature
c) Humidity
d) Rainfall
Explanation: Low pressure systems lead to storm development.
8. Which element of climate affects cloud formation?
a) Humidity ✅
b) Wind
c) Pressure
d) Temperature
Explanation: Moisture in air leads to cloud formation.
9. Which element of climate affects wind direction?
a) Pressure ✅
b) Rainfall
c) Humidity
d) Cloud cover
Explanation: Pressure gradients drive wind movement.
10. Which element of climate affects snowfall?
a) Temperature ✅
b) Pressure
c) Wind
d) Humidity
Explanation: Cold temperatures allow snow to form.
11. Which element of climate affects desert formation?
a) Rainfall ✅
b) Wind
c) Pressure
d) Cloud cover
Explanation: Low rainfall leads to arid desert climates.
12. Which element of climate affects monsoon?
a) Wind ✅
b) Pressure
c) Temperature
d) Cloud cover
Explanation: Seasonal winds drive monsoon systems.
13. Which element of climate affects hurricanes?
a) Pressure ✅
b) Rainfall
c) Wind
d) Cloud cover
Explanation: Low pressure systems trigger hurricanes.
14. Which element of climate affects polar regions most?
a) Temperature ✅
b) Rainfall
c) Wind
d) Humidity
Explanation: Polar climates are defined by extreme cold.
15. Which element of climate affects tropical regions most?
a) Rainfall ✅
b) Wind
c) Pressure
d) Cloud cover
Explanation: Tropical climates have high rainfall and humidity.
16. Which element of climate affects temperate regions most?
a) Seasonal temperature ✅
b) Wind
c) Pressure
d) Cloud cover
Explanation: Temperate zones have moderate seasonal variation.
17. Which element of climate affects savanna regions most?
a) Rainfall pattern ✅
b) Wind
c) Pressure
d) Cloud cover
Explanation: Savannas have distinct wet and dry seasons.
18. Which element of climate affects tundra regions most?
a) Temperature ✅
b) Rainfall
c) Wind
d) Humidity
Explanation: Tundras are cold with minimal precipitation.
19. Which element of climate affects marine climates most?
a) Proximity to ocean ✅
b) Wind
c) Pressure
d) Cloud cover
Explanation: Oceans moderate temperature and humidity.
20. Which element of climate affects continental climates most?
a) Distance from ocean ✅
b) Wind
c) Pressure
d) Cloud cover
Explanation: Inland areas have more extreme temperature variation.
21. Which element of climate affects cloud types?
a) Humidity ✅
b) Wind
c) Pressure
d) Temperature
Explanation: Moisture levels influence cloud formation.
22. Which element of climate affects rainfall intensity?
a) Temperature ✅
b) Wind
c) Pressure
d) Cloud cover
Explanation: Warm air holds more moisture, increasing rainfall.
23. Which element of climate affects wind speed?
a) Pressure gradient ✅
b) Rainfall
c) Humidity
d) Cloud cover
Explanation: Wind flows from high to low pressure areas.
24. Which element of climate affects fog formation?
a) Humidity + cooling ✅
b) Wind
c) Pressure
d) Cloud cover
Explanation: Fog forms when moist air cools near surface.
25. Which element of climate affects thunderstorm formation?
a) Temperature + humidity ✅
b) Wind
c) Pressure
d) Cloud cover
Explanation: Warm moist air leads to thunderstorm development.
26. Which factor affects climate most globally?
a) Latitude ✅
b) Longitude
c) Soil type
d) Vegetation
Explanation: Latitude determines solar energy received.
27. Which factor affects climate in mountains?
a) Altitude ✅
b) Latitude
c) Longitude
d) Soil type
Explanation: Higher altitude = cooler climate.
28. Which factor affects coastal climate most?
a) Proximity to ocean ✅
b) Latitude
c) Longitude
d) Soil type
Explanation: Oceans moderate temperature and humidity.
29. Which factor affects desert climate most?
a) Rainfall deficiency ✅
b) Latitude
c) Longitude
d) Soil type
Explanation: Deserts form due to low rainfall.
30. Which factor affects polar climate most?
a) Latitude ✅
b) Altitude
c) Ocean currents
d) Soil type
Explanation: Polar regions receive least solar energy.
31. Which factor affects equatorial climate most?
a) Latitude ✅
b) Altitude
c) Ocean currents
d) Soil type
Explanation: Equatorial regions receive maximum solar energy.
32. Which factor affects Mediterranean climate most?
a) Ocean currents ✅
b) Latitude
c) Altitude
d) Soil type
Explanation: Warm currents influence Mediterranean rainfall.
33. Which factor affects monsoon climate most?
a) Seasonal winds ✅
b) Latitude
c) Altitude
d) Soil type
Explanation: Monsoon is driven by seasonal wind reversal.
34. Which factor affects savanna climate most?
a) Seasonal rainfall ✅
b) Latitude
c) Altitude
d) Soil type
Explanation: Savanna has distinct wet and dry seasons.
35. Which factor affects tundra climate most?
a) Low temperature ✅
b) High rainfall
c) Ocean currents
d) Soil type
Explanation: Tundra is defined by extreme cold.
36. Which factor affects continental climate most?
a) Distance from ocean ✅
b) Latitude
c) Altitude
d) Soil type
Explanation: Inland areas have extreme temperature variation.
37. Which factor affects marine climate most?
a) Proximity to ocean ✅
b) Latitude
c) Altitude
d) Soil type
Explanation: Oceans moderate temperature and humidity.
38. Which factor affects rainfall distribution globally?
a) Winds ✅
b) Latitude
c) Altitude
d) Soil type
Explanation: Winds carry moisture across regions.
39. Which factor affects rainfall in mountains?
a) Orographic lifting ✅
b) Latitude
c) Altitude
d) Soil type
Explanation: Mountains force air upward, causing rain.
40. Which factor affects rainfall in deserts?
a) Rain shadow effect ✅
b) Latitude
c) Altitude
d) Soil type
Explanation: Mountains block rain, creating dry areas.
41. Which factor affects rainfall in tropics?
a) Convection ✅
b) Latitude
c) Altitude
d) Soil type
Explanation: Intense heating causes convectional rain.
42. Which factor affects rainfall in temperate regions?
a) Frontal lifting ✅
b) Latitude
c) Altitude
d) Soil type
Explanation: Temperate regions get frontal cyclonic rain.
43. Which factor affects rainfall in monsoon Asia?
a) Seasonal winds ✅
b) Latitude
c) Altitude
d) Soil type
Explanation: Monsoon winds bring seasonal rainfall.
44. Which factor affects rainfall in equatorial Africa?
a) Convection ✅
b) Latitude
c) Altitude
d) Soil type
Explanation: Equatorial Africa experiences convectional rain.
45. Which factor affects rainfall in Mediterranean?
a) Cyclonic storms ✅
b) Latitude
c) Altitude
d) Soil type
Explanation: Mediterranean regions get winter cyclonic rain.
46. Which factor affects rainfall in polar regions?
a) Low temperature ✅
b) Latitude
c) Altitude
d) Soil type
Explanation: Cold air holds little moisture, limiting rainfall.
47. Which factor affects rainfall in savanna regions?
a) Seasonal winds ✅
b) Latitude
c) Altitude
d) Soil type
Explanation: Savanna rainfall depends on seasonal wind shifts.
48. Which factor affects rainfall in deserts like Sahara?
a) Subtropical high pressure ✅
b) Latitude
c) Altitude
d) Soil type
Explanation: Subtropical highs suppress rainfall.
49. Which factor affects rainfall in Amazon basin?
a) Convection ✅
b) Latitude
c) Altitude
d) Soil type
Explanation: Amazon basin experiences daily convectional showers.
50. Which factor affects rainfall in Himalayas?
a) Orographic lifting ✅
b) Latitude
c) Altitude
d) Soil type
Explanation: Himalayas force moist monsoon winds upward.
51. Which climate zone lies near the equator?
a) Tropical ✅
b) Temperate
c) Polar
d) Desert
Explanation: Tropical zone is hot and humid near the equator.
52. Which climate zone lies between tropics and poles?
a) Temperate ✅
b) Tropical
c) Polar
d) Desert
Explanation: Temperate zone has moderate seasonal variation.
53. Which climate zone lies near the poles?
a) Polar ✅
b) Tropical
c) Temperate
d) Desert
Explanation: Polar zone is extremely cold year‑round.
54. Which climate zone is dry with little rainfall?
a) Arid ✅
b) Tropical
c) Temperate
d) Polar
Explanation: Arid climates are deserts with scarce rainfall.
55. Which climate zone has hot summers and mild winters?
a) Mediterranean ✅
b) Tropical
c) Polar
d) Desert
Explanation: Mediterranean climate has dry summers, wet winters.
56. Which climate zone has extreme seasonal variation?
a) Continental ✅
b) Tropical
c) Polar
d) Desert
Explanation: Continental climates have hot summers, cold winters.
57. Which climate zone has wet and dry seasons?
a) Savanna ✅
b) Tropical rainforest
c) Polar
d) Desert
Explanation: Savanna has distinct wet and dry seasons.
58. Which climate zone has daily rainfall?
a) Tropical rainforest ✅
b) Savanna
c) Polar
d) Desert
Explanation: Tropical rainforest climate has heavy daily rain.
59. Which climate zone has very little vegetation?
a) Polar ✅
b) Tropical
c) Temperate
d) Savanna
Explanation: Polar climates have tundra with minimal vegetation.
60. Which climate zone is found in Sahara?
a) Arid ✅
b) Tropical
c) Temperate
d) Polar
Explanation: Sahara Desert has arid climate.
61. Which climate zone is found in Amazon basin?
a) Tropical rainforest ✅
b) Savanna
c) Temperate
d) Polar
Explanation: Amazon basin has equatorial rainforest climate.
62. Which climate zone is found in Siberia?
a) Continental ✅
b) Tropical
c) Polar
d) Desert
Explanation: Siberia has continental climate with extremes.
63. Which climate zone is found in Antarctica?
a) Polar ✅
b) Tropical
c) Temperate
d) Desert
Explanation: Antarctica has polar climate with ice sheets.
64. Which climate zone is found in India’s Thar Desert?
a) Arid ✅
b) Tropical
c) Temperate
d) Polar
Explanation: Thar Desert has arid climate.
65. Which climate zone is found in Mediterranean Sea region?
a) Mediterranean ✅
b) Tropical
c) Temperate
d) Polar
Explanation: Mediterranean region has hot dry summers, mild wet winters.
66. Which climate zone is found in Canada?
a) Continental ✅
b) Tropical
c) Polar
d) Desert
Explanation: Canada has continental climate with cold winters.
67. Which climate zone is found in equatorial Africa?
a) Tropical rainforest ✅
b) Savanna
c) Temperate
d) Polar
Explanation: Equatorial Africa has rainforest climate.
68. Which climate zone is found in East Africa?
a) Savanna ✅
b) Tropical rainforest
c) Temperate
d) Polar
Explanation: East Africa has savanna climate with wet/dry seasons.
69. Which climate zone is found in Greenland?
a) Polar ✅
b) Tropical
c) Temperate
d) Desert
Explanation: Greenland has polar climate.
70. Which climate zone is found in Australia’s interior?
a) Arid ✅
b) Tropical
c) Temperate
d) Polar
Explanation: Australia’s interior is desert/arid.
71. Which climate zone is found in Southern Europe?
a) Mediterranean ✅
b) Tropical
c) Temperate
d) Polar
Explanation: Southern Europe has Mediterranean climate.
72. Which climate zone is found in USA Midwest?
a) Continental ✅
b) Tropical
c) Temperate
d) Polar
Explanation: Midwest USA has continental climate.
73. Which climate zone is found in Alaska?
a) Polar ✅
b) Tropical
c) Temperate
d) Desert
Explanation: Alaska has polar climate.
74. Which climate zone is found in Brazil’s northeast?
a) Tropical ✅
b) Temperate
c) Polar
d) Desert
Explanation: Brazil’s northeast has tropical climate.
75. Which climate zone is found in South Africa’s Cape region?
a) Mediterranean ✅
b) Tropical
c) Temperate
d) Polar
Explanation: Cape region has Mediterranean climate.
76. Who developed the Köppen climate classification?
a) Wladimir Köppen ✅
b) Charles Thornthwaite
c) Alfred Wegener
d) Carl Ritter
Explanation: Wladimir Köppen devised the system in early 20th century.
77. How many main climate groups are in Köppen system?
a) Five ✅
b) Four
c) Six
d) Seven
Explanation: Köppen system has five major groups (A–E).
78. What does Group A represent?
a) Tropical climates ✅
b) Dry climates
c) Temperate climates
d) Polar climates
Explanation: Group A covers tropical humid climates.
79. What does Group B represent?
a) Dry climates ✅
b) Tropical climates
c) Temperate climates
d) Polar climates
Explanation: Group B covers arid and semi‑arid climates.
80. What does Group C represent?
a) Temperate climates ✅
b) Tropical climates
c) Dry climates
d) Polar climates
Explanation: Group C covers warm temperate climates.
81. What does Group D represent?
a) Continental climates ✅
b) Tropical climates
c) Dry climates
d) Polar climates
Explanation: Group D covers cold continental climates.
82. What does Group E represent?
a) Polar climates ✅
b) Tropical climates
c) Dry climates
d) Temperate climates
Explanation: Group E covers polar and tundra climates.
83. What does Af subtype mean?
a) Tropical rainforest ✅
b) Tropical monsoon
c) Tropical savanna
d) Desert
Explanation: Af = tropical rainforest with heavy rainfall.
84. What does Am subtype mean?
a) Tropical monsoon ✅
b) Tropical rainforest
c) Tropical savanna
d) Desert
Explanation: Am = tropical monsoon with seasonal rains.
85. What does Aw subtype mean?
a) Tropical savanna ✅
b) Tropical rainforest
c) Tropical monsoon
d) Desert
Explanation: Aw = tropical savanna with wet/dry seasons.
86. What does BW subtype mean?
a) Desert ✅
b) Steppe
c) Savanna
d) Monsoon
Explanation: BW = arid desert climate.
87. What does BS subtype mean?
a) Steppe ✅
b) Desert
c) Savanna
d) Monsoon
Explanation: BS = semi‑arid steppe climate.
88. What does Cfa subtype mean?
a) Humid subtropical ✅
b) Mediterranean
c) Marine west coast
d) Continental
Explanation: Cfa = humid subtropical with hot summers.
89. What does Cfb subtype mean?
a) Marine west coast ✅
b) Mediterranean
c) Humid subtropical
d) Continental
Explanation: Cfb = marine west coast with mild summers.
90. What does Csa subtype mean?
a) Mediterranean ✅
b) Marine west coast
c) Humid subtropical
d) Continental
Explanation: Csa = Mediterranean with hot dry summers.
91. What does Dfa subtype mean?
a) Humid continental (hot summer) ✅
b) Marine west coast
c) Mediterranean
d) Polar
Explanation: Dfa = continental climate with hot summers.
92. What does Dfb subtype mean?
a) Humid continental (warm summer) ✅
b) Marine west coast
c) Mediterranean
d) Polar
Explanation: Dfb = continental climate with warm summers.
93. What does Dfc subtype mean?
a) Subarctic ✅
b) Continental
c) Mediterranean
d) Polar
Explanation: Dfc = subarctic climate with cold winters.
94. What does ET subtype mean?
a) Tundra ✅
b) Ice cap
c) Desert
d) Savanna
Explanation: ET = tundra climate with short summers.
95. What does EF subtype mean?
a) Ice cap ✅
b) Tundra
c) Desert
d) Savanna
Explanation: EF = ice cap climate with permanent ice.
96. Which Köppen group covers equatorial rainforest?
a) Af ✅
b) Am
c) Aw
d) BS
Explanation: Af = tropical rainforest climate.
97. Which Köppen group covers Indian monsoon?
a) Am ✅
b) Af
c) Aw
d) BS
Explanation: Am = tropical monsoon climate.
98. Which Köppen group covers African savanna?
a) Aw ✅
b) Af
c) Am
d) BS
Explanation: Aw = tropical savanna climate.
99. Which Köppen group covers Sahara Desert?
a) BW ✅
b) BS
c) Aw
d) Am
Explanation: BW = arid desert climate.
100. Which Köppen group covers Siberia?
a) Dfc ✅
b) Dfa
c) Dfb
d) ET
Explanation: Dfc = subarctic continental climate.
101. Which climatic region is found near the equator?
a) Equatorial ✅
b) Desert
c) Polar
d) Mediterranean
Explanation: Equatorial regions are hot, humid, with daily rainfall.
102. Which climatic region is found in South Asia?
a) Monsoon ✅
b) Equatorial
c) Desert
d) Polar
Explanation: South Asia experiences monsoon climate.
103. Which climatic region is found in Sahara?
a) Desert ✅
b) Equatorial
c) Monsoon
d) Polar
Explanation: Sahara Desert has arid climate.
104. Which climatic region is found in Arctic?
a) Polar ✅
b) Equatorial
c) Monsoon
d) Desert
Explanation: Arctic has polar climate with ice and tundra.
105. Which climatic region is found in East Africa?
a) Savanna ✅
b) Equatorial
c) Monsoon
d) Polar
Explanation: Savanna has wet and dry seasons.
106. Which climatic region is found in Amazon basin?
a) Equatorial ✅
b) Desert
c) Monsoon
d) Polar
Explanation: Amazon basin has equatorial rainforest climate.
107. Which climatic region is found in Mediterranean Sea?
a) Mediterranean ✅
b) Equatorial
c) Monsoon
d) Polar
Explanation: Mediterranean climate has hot dry summers, mild wet winters.
108. Which climatic region is found in Siberia?
a) Continental ✅
b) Equatorial
c) Monsoon
d) Polar
Explanation: Siberia has continental climate with extremes.
109. Which climatic region is found in Greenland?
a) Polar ✅
b) Equatorial
c) Monsoon
d) Desert
Explanation: Greenland has polar climate.
110. Which climatic region is found in India’s Thar Desert?
a) Desert ✅
b) Equatorial
c) Monsoon
d) Polar
Explanation: Thar Desert has arid climate.
111. Which climatic region is found in equatorial Africa?
a) Equatorial ✅
b) Desert
c) Monsoon
d) Polar
Explanation: Equatorial Africa has rainforest climate.
112. Which climatic region is found in West Africa?
a) Savanna ✅
b) Equatorial
c) Monsoon
d) Polar
Explanation: West Africa has savanna climate.
113. Which climatic region is found in Europe’s north?
a) Marine west coast ✅
b) Equatorial
c) Monsoon
d) Desert
Explanation: Northern Europe has marine west coast climate.
114. Which climatic region is found in Chile’s Atacama?
a) Desert ✅
b) Equatorial
c) Monsoon
d) Polar
Explanation: Atacama Desert is driest desert climate.
115. Which climatic region is found in Canada?
a) Continental ✅
b) Equatorial
c) Monsoon
d) Desert
Explanation: Canada has continental climate with cold winters.
116. Which climatic region is found in Australia’s interior?
a) Desert ✅
b) Equatorial
c) Monsoon
d) Polar
Explanation: Australia’s interior is arid desert.
117. Which climatic region is found in South Africa’s Cape?
a) Mediterranean ✅
b) Equatorial
c) Monsoon
d) Polar
Explanation: Cape region has Mediterranean climate.
118. Which climatic region is found in Alaska?
a) Polar ✅
b) Equatorial
c) Monsoon
d) Desert
Explanation: Alaska has polar climate.
119. Which climatic region is found in Brazil’s northeast?
a) Tropical ✅
b) Equatorial
c) Monsoon
d) Polar
Explanation: Brazil’s northeast has tropical climate.
120. Which climatic region is found in Europe’s south?
a) Mediterranean ✅
b) Equatorial
c) Monsoon
d) Polar
Explanation: Southern Europe has Mediterranean climate.
121. Which climatic region is found in USA Midwest?
a) Continental ✅
b) Equatorial
c) Monsoon
d) Polar
Explanation: Midwest USA has continental climate.
122. Which climatic region is found in New Zealand?
a) Marine west coast ✅
b) Equatorial
c) Monsoon
d) Desert
Explanation: New Zealand has marine west coast climate.
123. Which climatic region is found in Antarctica?
a) Polar ✅
b) Equatorial
c) Monsoon
d) Desert
Explanation: Antarctica has polar climate.
124. Which climatic region is found in Sahel region?
a) Savanna ✅
b) Equatorial
c) Monsoon
d) Polar
Explanation: Sahel has savanna climate with seasonal rains.
125. Which climatic region is found in Himalayas?
a) Mountain climate ✅
b) Equatorial
c) Monsoon
d) Desert
Explanation: Himalayas have mountain climate with altitude variation.
126. What is global warming?
a) Rise in Earth’s average temperature ✅
b) Fall in Earth’s average temperature
c) Increase in rainfall
d) Decrease in humidity
Explanation: Global warming is long‑term rise in Earth’s temperature.
127. What is the main cause of global warming?
a) Greenhouse gases ✅
b) Soil erosion
c) Ocean currents
d) Volcanoes
Explanation: CO₂, CH₄, and other gases trap heat.
128. Which gas contributes most to global warming?
a) Carbon dioxide ✅
b) Oxygen
c) Nitrogen
d) Argon
Explanation: CO₂ is the primary greenhouse gas.
129. Which gas is 25 times stronger than CO₂?
a) Methane ✅
b) Oxygen
c) Nitrogen
d) Argon
Explanation: Methane traps more heat per molecule.
130. Which gas is 300 times stronger than CO₂?
a) Nitrous oxide ✅
b) Oxygen
c) Nitrogen
d) Argon
Explanation: N₂O has high global warming potential.
131. Which gas is used in refrigeration and harms climate?
a) CFCs ✅
b) Oxygen
c) Nitrogen
d) Argon
Explanation: CFCs damage ozone and trap heat.
132. Which sector emits most greenhouse gases?
a) Energy ✅
b) Agriculture
c) Transport
d) Industry
Explanation: Burning fossil fuels for energy is largest source.
133. Which sector emits methane most?
a) Agriculture ✅
b) Energy
c) Transport
d) Industry
Explanation: Livestock and rice paddies emit methane.
134. Which sector emits nitrous oxide most?
a) Agriculture ✅
b) Energy
c) Transport
d) Industry
Explanation: Fertilizers release nitrous oxide.
135. Which effect is caused by greenhouse gases?
a) Greenhouse effect ✅
b) Ozone depletion
c) Acid rain
d) Fog
Explanation: Greenhouse gases trap heat in atmosphere.
136. Which effect is caused by CFCs?
a) Ozone depletion ✅
b) Greenhouse effect
c) Acid rain
d) Fog
Explanation: CFCs destroy ozone layer.
137. Which effect is caused by SO₂ emissions?
a) Acid rain ✅
b) Greenhouse effect
c) Ozone depletion
d) Fog
Explanation: SO₂ combines with water to form acid rain.
138. Which effect is caused by deforestation?
a) Global warming ✅
b) Ozone depletion
c) Acid rain
d) Fog
Explanation: Cutting trees reduces CO₂ absorption.
139. Which effect is caused by urbanization?
a) Urban heat island ✅
b) Ozone depletion
c) Acid rain
d) Fog
Explanation: Cities trap heat, raising local temperatures.
140. Which effect is caused by melting glaciers?
a) Sea level rise ✅
b) Ozone depletion
c) Acid rain
d) Fog
Explanation: Melting ice adds water to oceans.
141. Which effect is caused by warming oceans?
a) Coral bleaching ✅
b) Ozone depletion
c) Acid rain
d) Fog
Explanation: Warm water stresses coral reefs.
142. Which effect is caused by climate change in tropics?
a) Stronger cyclones ✅
b) Ozone depletion
c) Acid rain
d) Fog
Explanation: Warmer seas fuel intense cyclones.
143. Which effect is caused by climate change in poles?
a) Melting ice ✅
b) Ozone depletion
c) Acid rain
d) Fog
Explanation: Polar regions warm faster, melting ice sheets.
144. Which effect is caused by climate change in agriculture?
a) Crop failure ✅
b) Ozone depletion
c) Acid rain
d) Fog
Explanation: Changing rainfall and heat reduce yields.
145. Which effect is caused by climate change in health?
a) Spread of diseases ✅
b) Ozone depletion
c) Acid rain
d) Fog
Explanation: Warmer climate spreads vector‑borne diseases.
146. Which effect is caused by climate change in economy?
a) Loss of GDP ✅
b) Ozone depletion
c) Acid rain
d) Fog
Explanation: Climate disasters reduce economic growth.
147. Which effect is caused by climate change in biodiversity?
a) Species extinction ✅
b) Ozone depletion
c) Acid rain
d) Fog
Explanation: Climate change threatens species survival.
148. Which international agreement targets climate change?
a) Paris Agreement ✅
b) Kyoto Protocol
c) Montreal Protocol
d) Geneva Convention
Explanation: Paris Agreement aims to limit warming below 2°C.
149. Which earlier agreement targeted greenhouse gases?
a) Kyoto Protocol ✅
b) Paris Agreement
c) Montreal Protocol
d) Geneva Convention
Explanation: Kyoto Protocol set binding emission targets.
150. Which agreement targeted ozone depletion?
a) Montreal Protocol ✅
b) Kyoto Protocol
c) Paris Agreement
d) Geneva Convention
Explanation: Montreal Protocol phased out CFCs.
151. Which instrument measures air temperature?
a) Thermometer ✅
b) Barometer
c) Hygrometer
d) Rain gauge
Explanation: Thermometer records air temperature.
152. Which instrument measures atmospheric pressure?
a) Barometer ✅
b) Thermometer
c) Hygrometer
d) Rain gauge
Explanation: Barometer measures pressure changes.
153. Which instrument measures humidity?
a) Hygrometer ✅
b) Thermometer
c) Barometer
d) Rain gauge
Explanation: Hygrometer measures water vapor in air.
154. Which instrument measures rainfall?
a) Rain gauge ✅
b) Thermometer
c) Barometer
d) Hygrometer
Explanation: Rain gauge records precipitation amounts.
155. Which instrument measures wind speed?
a) Anemometer ✅
b) Thermometer
c) Barometer
d) Hygrometer
Explanation: Anemometer measures wind velocity.
156. Which instrument measures wind direction?
a) Wind vane ✅
b) Anemometer
c) Thermometer
d) Barometer
Explanation: Wind vane shows wind direction.
157. Which instrument measures sunshine duration?
a) Campbell‑Stokes recorder ✅
b) Thermometer
c) Barometer
d) Hygrometer
Explanation: Campbell‑Stokes recorder tracks hours of sunshine.
158. Which instrument measures solar radiation?
a) Pyranometer ✅
b) Thermometer
c) Barometer
d) Hygrometer
Explanation: Pyranometer measures solar energy.
159. Which instrument measures evaporation?
a) Class A pan ✅
b) Rain gauge
c) Hygrometer
d) Thermometer
Explanation: Class A pan measures evaporation rates.
160. Which instrument measures cloud height?
a) Ceilometer ✅
b) Thermometer
c) Barometer
d) Hygrometer
Explanation: Ceilometer measures cloud base altitude.
161. Which instrument measures upper air conditions?
a) Radiosonde ✅
b) Rain gauge
c) Hygrometer
d) Thermometer
Explanation: Radiosonde records temperature, pressure, humidity aloft.
162. Which instrument measures visibility?
a) Transmissometer ✅
b) Rain gauge
c) Hygrometer
d) Thermometer
Explanation: Transmissometer measures atmospheric visibility.
163. Which instrument measures fog density?
a) Nephelometer ✅
b) Rain gauge
c) Hygrometer
d) Thermometer
Explanation: Nephelometer measures fog particle concentration.
164. Which instrument measures ozone concentration?
a) Dobson spectrophotometer ✅
b) Rain gauge
c) Hygrometer
d) Thermometer
Explanation: Dobson spectrophotometer measures ozone levels.
165. Which instrument measures greenhouse gases?
a) Infrared gas analyzer ✅
b) Rain gauge
c) Hygrometer
d) Thermometer
Explanation: Infrared gas analyzer detects CO₂ and methane.
166. Which instrument measures atmospheric water vapor remotely?
a) Lidar ✅
b) Rain gauge
c) Hygrometer
d) Thermometer
Explanation: Lidar uses lasers to measure water vapor.
167. Which instrument measures rainfall using radar?
a) Weather radar ✅
b) Rain gauge
c) Hygrometer
d) Thermometer
Explanation: Weather radar detects rainfall intensity and distribution.
168. Which instrument measures rainfall using satellites?
a) TRMM satellite ✅
b) Rain gauge
c) Hygrometer
d) Thermometer
Explanation: TRMM satellite measures tropical rainfall globally.
169. Which instrument measures global precipitation?
a) GPM satellite ✅
b) Rain gauge
c) Hygrometer
d) Thermometer
Explanation: GPM satellite provides global precipitation data.
170. Which instrument measures cloud motion?
a) Nephoscope ✅
b) Rain gauge
c) Hygrometer
d) Thermometer
Explanation: Nephoscope tracks cloud movement.
171. Which instrument measures climate data over decades?
a) Climate satellites ✅
b) Rain gauge
c) Hygrometer
d) Thermometer
Explanation: Satellites track long‑term climate trends.
172. Which instrument measures rainfall distribution?
a) Radar + satellites ✅
b) Rain gauge only
c) Hygrometer
d) Thermometer
Explanation: Radar and satellites map rainfall distribution.
173. Which instrument measures precipitation in polar regions?
a) Snow gauge ✅
b) Rain gauge
c) Hygrometer
d) Thermometer
Explanation: Snow gauges measure solid precipitation in polar areas.
174. Which instrument measures climate models?
a) Supercomputers ✅
b) Rain gauge
c) Hygrometer
d) Thermometer
Explanation: Supercomputers run climate simulations.
175. Which instrument measures atmospheric CO₂ globally?
a) Satellites ✅
b) Rain gauge
c) Hygrometer
d) Thermometer
Explanation: Satellites monitor CO₂ concentration worldwide.
a) El Niño ✅
b) La Niña
c) Cyclone
d) Jet stream shift
Explanation: El Niño warms Pacific waters, reducing monsoon rains.
177. Which ocean phenomenon strengthens Indian monsoon?
a) La Niña ✅
b) El Niño
c) Cyclone
d) Jet stream shift
Explanation: La Niña cools Pacific waters, enhancing monsoon rains.
178. Which event caused drought in India in 2002?
a) El Niño ✅
b) La Niña
c) Cyclone
d) Jet stream shift
Explanation: El Niño disrupted monsoon rainfall.
179. Which event caused floods in Pakistan in 2010?
a) Monsoon intensification ✅
b) El Niño
c) La Niña
d) Cyclone
Explanation: Heavy monsoon rains caused devastating floods.
180. Which event caused drought in East Africa in 2011?
a) La Niña ✅
b) El Niño
c) Cyclone
d) Jet stream shift
Explanation: La Niña reduced rainfall in East Africa.
181. Which event caused floods in Thailand in 2011?
a) Monsoon intensification ✅
b) El Niño
c) La Niña
d) Cyclone
Explanation: Strong monsoon rains caused widespread flooding.
182. Which event caused drought in California (2012–16)?
a) Jet stream shift ✅
b) El Niño
c) La Niña
d) Cyclone
Explanation: Jet stream blocked rainfall in California.
183. Which event caused floods in Uttarakhand in 2013?
a) Monsoon intensification ✅
b) El Niño
c) La Niña
d) Cyclone
Explanation: Heavy monsoon rains triggered flash floods.
184. Which event caused drought in Brazil in 2014–15?
a) El Niño ✅
b) La Niña
c) Cyclone
d) Jet stream shift
Explanation: El Niño reduced rainfall in Brazil.
185. Which event caused floods in Chennai in 2015?
a) Northeast monsoon ✅
b) El Niño
c) La Niña
d) Cyclone
Explanation: Northeast monsoon rains caused Chennai floods.
186. Which event caused drought in South Africa in 2015–16?
a) El Niño ✅
b) La Niña
c) Cyclone
d) Jet stream shift
Explanation: El Niño disrupted rainfall in South Africa.
187. Which event caused floods in Peru in 2017?
a) El Niño ✅
b) La Niña
c) Cyclone
d) Jet stream shift
Explanation: El Niño caused torrential rains in Peru.
188. Which event caused drought in Cape Town in 2017–18?
a) El Niño ✅
b) La Niña
c) Cyclone
d) Jet stream shift
Explanation: El Niño reduced rainfall, causing water crisis.
189. Which event caused floods in Kerala in 2018?
a) Monsoon intensification ✅
b) El Niño
c) La Niña
d) Cyclone
Explanation: Heavy monsoon rains caused Kerala floods.
190. Which event caused drought in Australia in 2019?
a) El Niño ✅
b) La Niña
c) Cyclone
d) Jet stream shift
Explanation: El Niño disrupted rainfall in Australia.
191. Which event caused floods in Jakarta in 2020?
a) Monsoon intensification ✅
b) El Niño
c) La Niña
d) Cyclone
Explanation: Heavy monsoon rains caused Jakarta floods.
192. Which event caused drought in USA Midwest in 2020?
a) Jet stream shift ✅
b) El Niño
c) La Niña
d) Cyclone
Explanation: Jet stream anomalies reduced rainfall in Midwest.
193. Which event caused floods in China in 2020?
a) Monsoon intensification ✅
b) El Niño
c) La Niña
d) Cyclone
Explanation: Strong summer monsoon caused floods in China.
194. Which event caused drought in Madagascar in 2021?
a) El Niño ✅
b) La Niña
c) Cyclone
d) Jet stream shift
Explanation: El Niño reduced rainfall in Madagascar.
195. Which event caused floods in Germany in 2021?
a) Jet stream shift ✅
b) El Niño
c) La Niña
d) Cyclone
Explanation: Jet stream anomalies caused extreme rainfall.
196. Which event caused drought in Horn of Africa in 2022?
a) La Niña ✅
b) El Niño
c) Cyclone
d) Jet stream shift
Explanation: La Niña reduced rainfall in Horn of Africa.
197. Which event caused floods in Pakistan in 2022?
a) Monsoon intensification ✅
b) El Niño
c) La Niña
d) Cyclone
Explanation: Intense monsoon rains caused Pakistan floods.
198. Which event caused drought in Argentina in 2022–23?
a) La Niña ✅
b) El Niño
c) Cyclone
d) Jet stream shift
Explanation: La Niña reduced rainfall in Argentina.
199. Which event caused floods in Bangladesh in 2022?
a) Monsoon intensification ✅
b) El Niño
c) La Niña
d) Cyclone
Explanation: Heavy monsoon rains caused Bangladesh floods.
200. Which event caused drought in India in 2023?
a) El Niño ✅
b) La Niña
c) Cyclone
d) Jet stream shift
Explanation: El Niño weakened monsoon rains in India.
201. What is weather?
a) Short‑term atmospheric condition ✅
b) Long‑term average
c) Soil type
d) Ocean current
Explanation: Weather is day‑to‑day atmospheric condition.
202. What is climate?
a) Long‑term average of weather ✅
b) Daily temperature
c) Hourly rainfall
d) Wind speed
Explanation: Climate is average weather over decades.
203. Which is more variable: weather or climate?
a) Weather ✅
b) Climate
c) Both same
d) Neither
Explanation: Weather changes daily; climate is stable.
204. Which is measured in hours or days?
a) Weather ✅
b) Climate
c) Soil type
d) Ocean current
Explanation: Weather is short‑term.
205. Which is measured in decades or centuries?
a) Climate ✅
b) Weather
c) Soil type
d) Ocean current
Explanation: Climate is long‑term average.
206. Which describes rainfall today?
a) Weather ✅
b) Climate
c) Soil type
d) Ocean current
Explanation: Rainfall today is weather.
207. Which describes average rainfall in July?
a) Climate ✅
b) Weather
c) Soil type
d) Ocean current
Explanation: Average rainfall is climate.
208. Which describes temperature at noon?
a) Weather ✅
b) Climate
c) Soil type
d) Ocean current
Explanation: Noon temperature is weather.
209. Which describes average temperature in summer?
a) Climate ✅
b) Weather
c) Soil type
d) Ocean current
Explanation: Average summer temperature is climate.
210. Which describes snowfall today?
a) Weather ✅
b) Climate
c) Soil type
d) Ocean current
Explanation: Snowfall today is weather.
211. Which describes average snowfall in January?
a) Climate ✅
b) Weather
c) Soil type
d) Ocean current
Explanation: Average snowfall is climate.
212. Which describes wind speed at 3 pm?
a) Weather ✅
b) Climate
c) Soil type
d) Ocean current
Explanation: Wind speed at 3 pm is weather.
213. Which describes prevailing wind pattern?
a) Climate ✅
b) Weather
c) Soil type
d) Ocean current
Explanation: Prevailing winds are climate.
214. Which describes humidity today?
a) Weather ✅
b) Climate
c) Soil type
d) Ocean current
Explanation: Humidity today is weather.
215. Which describes average humidity in July?
a) Climate ✅
b) Weather
c) Soil type
d) Ocean current
Explanation: Average humidity is climate.
216. Which describes cloud cover at sunrise?
a) Weather ✅
b) Climate
c) Soil type
d) Ocean current
Explanation: Cloud cover at sunrise is weather.
217. Which describes average cloud cover in winter?
a) Climate ✅
b) Weather
c) Soil type
d) Ocean current
Explanation: Average cloud cover is climate.
218. Which describes thunderstorm today?
a) Weather ✅
b) Climate
c) Soil type
d) Ocean current
Explanation: Thunderstorm today is weather.
219. Which describes frequency of thunderstorms annually?
a) Climate ✅
b) Weather
c) Soil type
d) Ocean current
Explanation: Annual frequency is climate.
220. Which describes fog this morning?
a) Weather ✅
b) Climate
c) Soil type
d) Ocean current
Explanation: Fog this morning is weather.
221. Which describes average fog in December?
a) Climate ✅
b) Weather
c) Soil type
d) Ocean current
Explanation: Average fog is climate.
222. Which describes cyclone today?
a) Weather ✅
b) Climate
c) Soil type
d) Ocean current
Explanation: Cyclone today is weather.
223. Which describes cyclone frequency in Bay of Bengal?
a) Climate ✅
b) Weather
c) Soil type
d) Ocean current
Explanation: Cyclone frequency is climate.
224. Which describes rainfall in Delhi today?
a) Weather ✅
b) Climate
c) Soil type
d) Ocean current
Explanation: Rainfall today is weather.
225. Which describes average rainfall in Delhi in July?
a) Climate ✅
b) Weather
c) Soil type
d) Ocean current
Explanation: Average July rainfall is climate.
226. Which human activity increases CO₂ most?
a) Burning fossil fuels ✅
b) Planting trees
c) Recycling
d) Rainwater harvesting
Explanation: Fossil fuel combustion releases large amounts of CO₂.
227. Which human activity reduces CO₂ most?
a) Afforestation ✅
b) Deforestation
c) Mining
d) Urbanization
Explanation: Planting trees absorbs CO₂ from atmosphere.
228. Which human activity causes urban heat island?
a) Urbanization ✅
b) Afforestation
c) Recycling
d) Irrigation
Explanation: Cities trap heat due to concrete and asphalt.
229. Which human activity causes deforestation?
a) Logging ✅
b) Afforestation
c) Recycling
d) Urban gardening
Explanation: Logging removes forest cover.
230. Which human activity causes desertification?
a) Overgrazing ✅
b) Afforestation
c) Recycling
d) Urbanization
Explanation: Overgrazing depletes vegetation, leading to desertification.
231. Which human activity causes acid rain?
a) Burning coal ✅
b) Afforestation
c) Recycling
d) Irrigation
Explanation: Coal releases SO₂, forming acid rain.
232. Which human activity causes ozone depletion?
a) CFC use ✅
b) Afforestation
c) Recycling
d) Irrigation
Explanation: CFCs destroy ozone molecules.
233. Which human activity causes methane emissions?
a) Livestock farming ✅
b) Afforestation
c) Recycling
d) Urbanization
Explanation: Livestock release methane during digestion.
234. Which human activity causes nitrous oxide emissions?
a) Fertilizer use ✅
b) Afforestation
c) Recycling
d) Irrigation
Explanation: Fertilizers emit nitrous oxide.
235. Which human activity causes smog?
a) Vehicle emissions ✅
b) Afforestation
c) Recycling
d) Irrigation
Explanation: Vehicles release pollutants forming smog.
236. Which human activity causes global warming?
a) Greenhouse gas emissions ✅
b) Afforestation
c) Recycling
d) Irrigation
Explanation: Greenhouse gases trap heat in atmosphere.
237. Which human activity causes sea level rise?
a) Melting glaciers due to warming ✅
b) Afforestation
c) Recycling
d) Irrigation
Explanation: Warming melts ice, raising sea levels.
238. Which human activity causes coral bleaching?
a) Ocean warming ✅
b) Afforestation
c) Recycling
d) Irrigation
Explanation: Warm oceans stress coral reefs.
239. Which human activity causes biodiversity loss?
a) Deforestation ✅
b) Afforestation
c) Recycling
d) Irrigation
Explanation: Deforestation destroys habitats.
240. Which human activity causes water pollution?
a) Industrial waste ✅
b) Afforestation
c) Recycling
d) Irrigation
Explanation: Industries discharge pollutants into water.
241. Which human activity causes air pollution?
a) Vehicle emissions ✅
b) Afforestation
c) Recycling
d) Irrigation
Explanation: Vehicles release harmful gases.
242. Which human activity causes soil erosion?
a) Deforestation ✅
b) Afforestation
c) Recycling
d) Irrigation
Explanation: Removing trees exposes soil to erosion.
243. Which human activity causes flooding in cities?
a) Poor drainage ✅
b) Afforestation
c) Recycling
d) Irrigation
Explanation: Poor drainage and urbanization cause floods.
244. Which human activity causes drought intensification?
a) Climate change ✅
b) Afforestation
c) Recycling
d) Irrigation
Explanation: Climate change increases drought frequency.
245. Which human activity causes glacier retreat?
a) Global warming ✅
b) Afforestation
c) Recycling
d) Irrigation
Explanation: Warming melts glaciers worldwide.
246. Which human activity causes heat waves?
a) Urbanization + emissions ✅
b) Afforestation
c) Recycling
d) Irrigation
Explanation: Cities and emissions intensify heat waves.
247. Which human activity causes forest fires?
a) Slash‑and‑burn ✅
b) Afforestation
c) Recycling
d) Irrigation
Explanation: Slash‑and‑burn agriculture triggers fires.
248. Which human activity causes climate migration?
a) Global warming ✅
b) Afforestation
c) Recycling
d) Irrigation
Explanation: Warming forces people to migrate.
249. Which human activity causes ocean acidification?
a) CO₂ absorption ✅
b) Afforestation
c) Recycling
d) Irrigation
Explanation: Oceans absorb CO₂, lowering pH.
250. Which human activity causes renewable energy growth?
a) Solar + wind adoption ✅
b) Deforestation
c) Recycling
d) Irrigation
Explanation: Renewable energy reduces emissions.
251. Which strategy reduces greenhouse gas emissions?
a) Renewable energy ✅
b) Deforestation
c) Fossil fuel use
d) Urbanization
Explanation: Renewable energy sources cut emissions.
252. Which strategy absorbs CO₂ naturally?
a) Afforestation ✅
b) Deforestation
c) Mining
d) Urbanization
Explanation: Planting trees absorbs carbon dioxide.
253. Which strategy reduces urban heat island?
a) Green roofs ✅
b) Deforestation
c) Mining
d) Fossil fuels
Explanation: Green roofs cool cities and reduce heat.
254. Which strategy reduces vehicle emissions?
a) Public transport ✅
b) Deforestation
c) Mining
d) Fossil fuels
Explanation: Public transport reduces per‑capita emissions.
255. Which strategy reduces industrial emissions?
a) Energy efficiency ✅
b) Deforestation
c) Mining
d) Fossil fuels
Explanation: Efficient technology lowers emissions.
256. Which strategy reduces household emissions?
a) Solar panels ✅
b) Deforestation
c) Mining
d) Fossil fuels
Explanation: Solar panels provide clean energy.
257. Which strategy reduces agricultural emissions?
a) Organic farming ✅
b) Deforestation
c) Mining
d) Fossil fuels
Explanation: Organic farming reduces fertilizer emissions.
258. Which strategy reduces methane emissions?
a) Better livestock management ✅
b) Deforestation
c) Mining
d) Fossil fuels
Explanation: Livestock management reduces methane release.
259. Which strategy reduces nitrous oxide emissions?
a) Efficient fertilizer use ✅
b) Deforestation
c) Mining
d) Fossil fuels
Explanation: Controlled fertilizer use reduces N₂O.
260. Which strategy reduces deforestation impact?
a) Sustainable forestry ✅
b) Mining
c) Fossil fuels
d) Urbanization
Explanation: Sustainable forestry preserves forests.
261. Which strategy reduces emissions in transport?
a) Electric vehicles ✅
b) Fossil fuels
c) Mining
d) Deforestation
Explanation: EVs reduce fossil fuel use.
262. Which strategy reduces emissions in cities?
a) Smart planning ✅
b) Fossil fuels
c) Mining
d) Deforestation
Explanation: Smart planning reduces congestion and emissions.
263. Which strategy reduces emissions globally?
a) Paris Agreement ✅
b) Fossil fuels
c) Mining
d) Deforestation
Explanation: Paris Agreement sets emission targets.
264. Which strategy reduces ozone depletion?
a) Montreal Protocol ✅
b) Fossil fuels
c) Mining
d) Deforestation
Explanation: Montreal Protocol phased out CFCs.
265. Which strategy reduces emissions in industry?
a) Carbon capture ✅
b) Fossil fuels
c) Mining
d) Deforestation
Explanation: Carbon capture stores CO₂ underground.
266. Which strategy reduces emissions in power plants?
a) Wind energy ✅
b) Fossil fuels
c) Mining
d) Deforestation
Explanation: Wind energy is clean and renewable.
267. Which strategy reduces emissions in rural areas?
a) Biogas ✅
b) Fossil fuels
c) Mining
d) Deforestation
Explanation: Biogas provides clean cooking fuel.
268. Which strategy reduces emissions in agriculture?
a) Agroforestry ✅
b) Fossil fuels
c) Mining
d) Deforestation
Explanation: Agroforestry combines trees with crops.
269. Which strategy reduces emissions in households?
a) Energy‑efficient appliances ✅
b) Fossil fuels
c) Mining
d) Deforestation
Explanation: Efficient appliances save energy.
270. Which strategy reduces emissions in aviation?
a) Biofuels ✅
b) Fossil fuels
c) Mining
d) Deforestation
Explanation: Biofuels reduce aviation emissions.
271. Which strategy reduces emissions in shipping?
a) Cleaner fuels ✅
b) Fossil fuels
c) Mining
d) Deforestation
Explanation: Cleaner fuels reduce shipping emissions.
272. Which strategy reduces emissions in construction?
a) Green buildings ✅
b) Fossil fuels
c) Mining
d) Deforestation
Explanation: Green buildings save energy.
273. Which strategy reduces emissions in waste?
a) Recycling ✅
b) Fossil fuels
c) Mining
d) Deforestation
Explanation: Recycling reduces waste emissions.
274. Which strategy reduces emissions in energy sector?
a) Hydropower ✅
b) Fossil fuels
c) Mining
d) Deforestation
Explanation: Hydropower is renewable and clean.
275. Which strategy reduces emissions globally?
a) Carbon trading ✅
b) Fossil fuels
c) Mining
d) Deforestation
Explanation: Carbon trading incentivizes emission reduction.
276. What is the average global surface temperature rise since 1900?
a) ~1.1°C ✅
b) ~0.5°C
c) ~2.0°C
d) ~3.0°C
Explanation: Earth has warmed about 1.1°C since 1900.
277. Which gas is most abundant in atmosphere?
a) Nitrogen ✅
b) Oxygen
c) Carbon dioxide
d) Argon
Explanation: Nitrogen makes up ~78% of atmosphere.
278. Which gas is second most abundant in atmosphere?
a) Oxygen ✅
b) Nitrogen
c) Carbon dioxide
d) Argon
Explanation: Oxygen makes up ~21% of atmosphere.
279. Which gas is most important for greenhouse effect?
a) Carbon dioxide ✅
b) Oxygen
c) Nitrogen
d) Argon
Explanation: CO₂ traps heat in atmosphere.
280. Which gas is most important for ozone layer?
a) Ozone ✅
b) Oxygen
c) Nitrogen
d) Argon
Explanation: Ozone absorbs harmful UV radiation.
281. Which instrument measures temperature?
a) Thermometer ✅
b) Barometer
c) Hygrometer
d) Rain gauge
Explanation: Thermometer records air temperature.
282. Which instrument measures pressure?
a) Barometer ✅
b) Thermometer
c) Hygrometer
d) Rain gauge
Explanation: Barometer measures atmospheric pressure.
283. Which instrument measures humidity?
a) Hygrometer ✅
b) Thermometer
c) Barometer
d) Rain gauge
Explanation: Hygrometer measures water vapor.
284. Which instrument measures rainfall?
a) Rain gauge ✅
b) Thermometer
c) Barometer
d) Hygrometer
Explanation: Rain gauge records precipitation.
285. Which instrument measures wind speed?
a) Anemometer ✅
b) Thermometer
c) Barometer
d) Hygrometer
Explanation: Anemometer measures wind velocity.
286. Which instrument measures wind direction?
a) Wind vane ✅
b) Anemometer
c) Thermometer
d) Barometer
Explanation: Wind vane shows wind direction.
287. Which instrument measures sunshine duration?
a) Campbell‑Stokes recorder ✅
b) Thermometer
c) Barometer
d) Hygrometer
Explanation: Campbell‑Stokes recorder tracks hours of sunshine.
288. Which instrument measures solar radiation?
a) Pyranometer ✅
b) Thermometer
c) Barometer
d) Hygrometer
Explanation: Pyranometer measures solar energy.
289. Which instrument measures evaporation?
a) Atmometer ✅
b) Rain gauge
c) Hygrometer
d) Thermometer
Explanation: Atmometer measures evaporation rates.
290. Which instrument measures cloud height?
a) Ceilometer ✅
b) Thermometer
c) Barometer
d) Hygrometer
Explanation: Ceilometer measures cloud base altitude.
291. Which instrument measures upper air conditions?
a) Radiosonde ✅
b) Rain gauge
c) Hygrometer
d) Thermometer
Explanation: Radiosonde records temperature, pressure, humidity aloft.
292. Which instrument measures ozone concentration?
a) Dobson spectrophotometer ✅
b) Rain gauge
c) Hygrometer
d) Thermometer
Explanation: Dobson spectrophotometer measures ozone levels.
293. Which instrument measures greenhouse gases?
a) Infrared gas analyzer ✅
b) Rain gauge
c) Hygrometer
d) Thermometer
Explanation: Infrared gas analyzer detects CO₂ and methane.
294. Which instrument measures rainfall using radar?
a) Weather radar ✅
b) Rain gauge
c) Hygrometer
d) Thermometer
Explanation: Weather radar detects rainfall intensity.
295. Which instrument measures global precipitation?
a) GPM satellite ✅
b) Rain gauge
c) Hygrometer
d) Thermometer
Explanation: GPM satellite provides global precipitation data.
296. Which instrument measures tropical rainfall?
a) TRMM satellite ✅
b) Rain gauge
c) Hygrometer
d) Thermometer
Explanation: TRMM satellite measures tropical rainfall.
297. Which climate region is wettest in India?
a) Mawsynram ✅
b) Jaisalmer
c) Leh
d) Kochi
Explanation: Mawsynram receives highest rainfall in India.
298. Which climate region is driest in India?
a) Jaisalmer ✅
b) Mawsynram
c) Cherrapunji
d) Kochi
Explanation: Jaisalmer is driest due to desert climate.
299. Which climate region is wettest in world?
a) Mawsynram ✅
b) Sahara
c) Atacama
d) Death Valley
Explanation: Mawsynram holds record for highest average rainfall.
300. Which climate region is driest in world?
a) Atacama Desert ✅
b) Sahara
c) Gobi
d) Kalahari
Explanation: Atacama Desert in Chile is driest desert.
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