Atmosphere
a) Nitrogen ✅
b) Oxygen
c) Carbon dioxide
d) Argon
Explanation: Nitrogen makes up about 78% of Earth’s atmosphere.
2. Which gas is second most abundant in the atmosphere?
a) Oxygen ✅
b) Nitrogen
c) Carbon dioxide
d) Argon
Explanation: Oxygen makes up about 21% of Earth’s atmosphere.
3. Which gas is present in trace amounts but vital for life?
a) Carbon dioxide ✅
b) Nitrogen
c) Oxygen
d) Argon
Explanation: Carbon dioxide is essential for photosynthesis and climate regulation.
4. Which gas protects life by absorbing UV radiation?
a) Ozone ✅
b) Nitrogen
c) Oxygen
d) Carbon dioxide
Explanation: Ozone in the stratosphere absorbs harmful UV rays.
5. Which gas is inert and present in small amounts?
a) Argon ✅
b) Nitrogen
c) Oxygen
d) Carbon dioxide
Explanation: Argon makes up about 0.93% of the atmosphere.
6. Which layer of the atmosphere is closest to Earth?
a) Troposphere ✅
b) Stratosphere
c) Mesosphere
d) Thermosphere
Explanation: The troposphere extends up to ~12 km and contains weather systems.
7. Which layer contains the ozone layer?
a) Stratosphere ✅
b) Troposphere
c) Mesosphere
d) Thermosphere
Explanation: The ozone layer lies in the stratosphere.
8. Which layer is known as the “middle layer”?
a) Mesosphere ✅
b) Troposphere
c) Stratosphere
d) Thermosphere
Explanation: The mesosphere lies between the stratosphere and thermosphere.
9. Which layer is hottest due to solar radiation absorption?
a) Thermosphere ✅
b) Troposphere
c) Stratosphere
d) Mesosphere
Explanation: The thermosphere absorbs high-energy solar radiation.
10. Which layer merges into outer space?
a) Exosphere ✅
b) Thermosphere
c) Mesosphere
d) Stratosphere
Explanation: The exosphere gradually transitions into space.
11. Which layer contains most weather phenomena?
a) Troposphere ✅
b) Stratosphere
c) Mesosphere
d) Thermosphere
Explanation: Weather occurs in the troposphere.
12. Which layer is used by jet aircraft for smooth travel?
a) Stratosphere ✅
b) Troposphere
c) Mesosphere
d) Thermosphere
Explanation: Jets fly in the stratosphere to avoid turbulence.
13. Which layer burns up meteors?
a) Mesosphere ✅
b) Troposphere
c) Stratosphere
d) Thermosphere
Explanation: Meteors disintegrate in the mesosphere.
14. Which layer contains auroras?
a) Thermosphere ✅
b) Troposphere
c) Stratosphere
d) Mesosphere
Explanation: Auroras occur in the thermosphere due to charged particles.
15. Which layer is also called the ionosphere?
a) Thermosphere ✅
b) Troposphere
c) Stratosphere
d) Mesosphere
Explanation: The ionosphere lies within the thermosphere and reflects radio waves.
16. Which layer extends up to ~12 km?
a) Troposphere ✅
b) Stratosphere
c) Mesosphere
d) Thermosphere
Explanation: The troposphere extends up to ~12 km.
17. Which layer extends from ~12 km to ~50 km?
a) Stratosphere ✅
b) Troposphere
c) Mesosphere
d) Thermosphere
Explanation: The stratosphere extends from ~12 km to ~50 km.
18. Which layer extends from ~50 km to ~80 km?
a) Mesosphere ✅
b) Troposphere
c) Stratosphere
d) Thermosphere
Explanation: The mesosphere extends from ~50 km to ~80 km.
19. Which layer extends from ~80 km to ~600 km?
a) Thermosphere ✅
b) Troposphere
c) Stratosphere
d) Mesosphere
Explanation: The thermosphere extends from ~80 km to ~600 km.
20. Which layer extends beyond ~600 km?
a) Exosphere ✅
b) Thermosphere
c) Mesosphere
d) Stratosphere
Explanation: The exosphere extends beyond ~600 km into space.
21. Which gas is responsible for greenhouse effect?
a) Carbon dioxide ✅
b) Nitrogen
c) Oxygen
d) Argon
Explanation: Carbon dioxide traps heat, causing greenhouse effect.
22. Which gas is responsible for acid rain?
a) Sulphur dioxide ✅
b) Nitrogen
c) Oxygen
d) Argon
Explanation: Sulphur dioxide combines with water to form acid rain.
23. Which gas is responsible for smog formation?
a) Nitrogen oxides ✅
b) Oxygen
c) Argon
d) Carbon dioxide
Explanation: Nitrogen oxides contribute to photochemical smog.
24. Which gas is responsible for ozone depletion?
a) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) ✅
b) Nitrogen
c) Oxygen
d) Argon
Explanation: CFCs destroy ozone molecules in the stratosphere.
25. Which gas is responsible for global warming besides CO₂?
a) Methane ✅
b) Oxygen
c) Argon
d) Nitrogen
Explanation: Methane is a potent greenhouse gas contributing to global warming.
26. What is the primary source of Earth’s energy?
a) Sun ✅
b) Moon
c) Volcanoes
d) Oceans
Explanation: The Sun provides solar radiation that drives Earth’s climate.
27. What is the incoming solar radiation called?
a) Insolation ✅
b) Terrestrial radiation
c) Reflection
d) Conduction
Explanation: Insolation is the incoming solar radiation reaching Earth.
28. Which process transfers heat by direct contact?
a) Conduction ✅
b) Convection
c) Radiation
d) Reflection
Explanation: Conduction transfers heat through direct contact of molecules.
29. Which process transfers heat by movement of air?
a) Convection ✅
b) Conduction
c) Radiation
d) Reflection
Explanation: Convection transfers heat through vertical air currents.
30. Which process transfers heat without a medium?
a) Radiation ✅
b) Conduction
c) Convection
d) Reflection
Explanation: Radiation transfers energy through electromagnetic waves.
31. Which surface reflects most solar radiation?
a) Snow ✅
b) Forest
c) Ocean
d) Desert
Explanation: Snow has high albedo, reflecting most solar radiation.
32. Which surface absorbs most solar radiation?
a) Dark soil ✅
b) Snow
c) Ice
d) Clouds
Explanation: Dark soil absorbs more solar radiation due to low albedo.
33. What is the Earth’s average albedo?
a) 30% ✅
b) 10%
c) 50%
d) 70%
Explanation: About 30% of incoming solar radiation is reflected back.
34. Which gas traps outgoing terrestrial radiation?
a) Carbon dioxide ✅
b) Nitrogen
c) Oxygen
d) Argon
Explanation: CO₂ traps heat, causing greenhouse effect.
35. Which gas is the most effective greenhouse gas after CO₂?
a) Methane ✅
b) Oxygen
c) Nitrogen
d) Argon
Explanation: Methane is a potent greenhouse gas.
36. Which gas contributes to greenhouse effect from agriculture?
a) Nitrous oxide ✅
b) Oxygen
c) Argon
d) Neon
Explanation: Nitrous oxide is released from fertilizers and contributes to greenhouse effect.
37. Which gas contributes to greenhouse effect from livestock?
a) Methane ✅
b) Oxygen
c) Argon
d) Neon
Explanation: Livestock release methane during digestion.
38. Which gas contributes to greenhouse effect from industry?
a) CFCs ✅
b) Oxygen
c) Argon
d) Neon
Explanation: CFCs are industrial gases that damage ozone and trap heat.
39. What is the balance between incoming and outgoing radiation called?
a) Heat budget ✅
b) Insolation
c) Conduction
d) Reflection
Explanation: Heat budget is the balance of incoming and outgoing radiation.
40. What happens if incoming radiation exceeds outgoing?
a) Global warming ✅
b) Cooling
c) Neutral balance
d) Ice age
Explanation: Excess heat leads to global warming.
41. What happens if outgoing radiation exceeds incoming?
a) Cooling ✅
b) Global warming
c) Neutral balance
d) Heat budget
Explanation: More outgoing radiation causes cooling.
42. Which process causes daytime heating of Earth’s surface?
a) Insolation ✅
b) Conduction
c) Convection
d) Reflection
Explanation: Insolation heats Earth’s surface during the day.
43. Which process causes nighttime cooling of Earth’s surface?
a) Terrestrial radiation ✅
b) Insolation
c) Conduction
d) Convection
Explanation: Earth emits terrestrial radiation at night.
44. Which process causes greenhouse effect?
a) Absorption of terrestrial radiation ✅
b) Reflection of solar radiation
c) Conduction
d) Convection
Explanation: Greenhouse gases absorb terrestrial radiation.
45. Which process causes heat transfer in oceans and atmosphere?
a) Convection ✅
b) Conduction
c) Radiation
d) Reflection
Explanation: Convection currents transfer heat in oceans and atmosphere.
46. Which process causes land-sea breeze?
a) Convection ✅
b) Conduction
c) Radiation
d) Reflection
Explanation: Convection due to differential heating causes land-sea breeze.
47. Which process causes mountain-valley breeze?
a) Convection ✅
b) Conduction
c) Radiation
d) Reflection
Explanation: Convection due to slope heating causes mountain-valley breeze.
48. Which process causes monsoon winds?
a) Differential heating ✅
b) Conduction
c) Radiation
d) Reflection
Explanation: Monsoons are caused by differential heating of land and sea.
49. Which process causes jet streams?
a) Temperature gradient ✅
b) Conduction
c) Radiation
d) Reflection
Explanation: Jet streams form due to strong temperature gradients.
50. Which process causes cyclones?
a) Convection and low pressure ✅
b) Conduction
c) Radiation
d) Reflection
Explanation: Cyclones form due to convection and low-pressure systems.
51. What causes global wind circulation?
a) Unequal heating of Earth ✅
b) Earth’s rotation only
c) Ocean currents
d) Mountains
Explanation: Unequal heating of land and water drives global wind circulation.
52. What is the equatorial low-pressure belt called?
a) Doldrums ✅
b) Horse latitudes
c) Polar front
d) Westerlies
Explanation: The equatorial belt is calm with rising air, called doldrums.
53. What is the subtropical high-pressure belt called?
a) Horse latitudes ✅
b) Doldrums
c) Polar front
d) Westerlies
Explanation: Subtropical highs are calm regions known as horse latitudes.
54. What is the subpolar low-pressure belt called?
a) Polar front ✅
b) Doldrums
c) Horse latitudes
d) Westerlies
Explanation: Subpolar lows are convergence zones called polar fronts.
55. What is the polar high-pressure belt called?
a) Polar highs ✅
b) Doldrums
c) Horse latitudes
d) Westerlies
Explanation: Polar regions have high pressure due to cold dense air.
56. Which winds blow from subtropical highs to equatorial lows?
a) Trade winds ✅
b) Westerlies
c) Polar easterlies
d) Monsoons
Explanation: Trade winds blow steadily toward the equator.
57. Which winds blow from subtropical highs to subpolar lows?
a) Westerlies ✅
b) Trade winds
c) Polar easterlies
d) Monsoons
Explanation: Westerlies blow from 30° to 60° latitudes.
58. Which winds blow from polar highs to subpolar lows?
a) Polar easterlies ✅
b) Westerlies
c) Trade winds
d) Monsoons
Explanation: Polar easterlies blow from poles toward 60° latitudes.
59. Which winds converge at the equator?
a) Trade winds ✅
b) Westerlies
c) Polar easterlies
d) Monsoons
Explanation: Trade winds from both hemispheres converge at the equator.
60. Which winds converge at the polar front?
a) Westerlies and polar easterlies ✅
b) Trade winds
c) Monsoons
d) Jet streams
Explanation: Westerlies meet polar easterlies at the polar front.
61. Which winds are seasonal and reverse direction?
a) Monsoons ✅
b) Trade winds
c) Westerlies
d) Polar easterlies
Explanation: Monsoons reverse direction with seasons.
62. Which winds are strongest at high altitudes?
a) Jet streams ✅
b) Trade winds
c) Westerlies
d) Monsoons
Explanation: Jet streams are fast winds in the upper atmosphere.
63. Which winds influence Indian agriculture?
a) Monsoons ✅
b) Trade winds
c) Westerlies
d) Polar easterlies
Explanation: Indian agriculture depends on monsoon rainfall.
64. Which winds influence European climate?
a) Westerlies ✅
b) Trade winds
c) Monsoons
d) Polar easterlies
Explanation: Westerlies bring rainfall to Europe.
65. Which winds influence desert climates?
a) Trade winds ✅
b) Westerlies
c) Monsoons
d) Polar easterlies
Explanation: Trade winds create arid conditions in subtropical deserts.
66. Which winds influence polar climates?
a) Polar easterlies ✅
b) Westerlies
c) Trade winds
d) Monsoons
Explanation: Polar easterlies dominate polar climates.
67. Which winds are calm near the equator?
a) Doldrums ✅
b) Horse latitudes
c) Polar front
d) Westerlies
Explanation: Doldrums are calm equatorial regions.
68. Which winds are calm near 30° latitude?
a) Horse latitudes ✅
b) Doldrums
c) Polar front
d) Westerlies
Explanation: Horse latitudes are calm subtropical regions.
69. Which winds are strongest in winter?
a) Monsoons ✅
b) Trade winds
c) Westerlies
d) Polar easterlies
Explanation: Winter monsoons blow strongly from land to sea.
70. Which winds are strongest in summer?
a) Monsoons ✅
b) Trade winds
c) Westerlies
d) Polar easterlies
Explanation: Summer monsoons bring heavy rainfall.
71. Which winds are used by sailors historically?
a) Trade winds ✅
b) Westerlies
c) Monsoons
d) Polar easterlies
Explanation: Trade winds were reliable for sailing routes.
72. Which winds are used by aircraft for speed?
a) Jet streams ✅
b) Trade winds
c) Westerlies
d) Monsoons
Explanation: Aircraft use jet streams to save fuel and time.
73. Which winds are deflected by Earth’s rotation?
a) Coriolis effect ✅
b) Trade winds
c) Westerlies
d) Monsoons
Explanation: Earth’s rotation deflects winds via Coriolis effect.
74. Which winds blow from northeast in Northern Hemisphere?
a) Trade winds ✅
b) Westerlies
c) Polar easterlies
d) Monsoons
Explanation: Northeast trade winds blow toward the equator.
75. Which winds blow from southeast in Southern Hemisphere?
a) Trade winds ✅
b) Westerlies
c) Polar easterlies
d) Monsoons
Explanation: Southeast trade winds blow toward the equator.
76. What is the average annual rainfall at the equator?
a) High ✅
b) Low
c) Moderate
d) None
Explanation: Equatorial regions receive heavy rainfall due to convection.
77. What is the average annual rainfall in deserts?
a) Low ✅
b) High
c) Moderate
d) None
Explanation: Deserts receive less than 250 mm rainfall annually.
78. What is rainfall caused by rising warm air called?
a) Convectional rainfall ✅
b) Orographic rainfall
c) Cyclonic rainfall
d) Monsoon rainfall
Explanation: Convectional rainfall occurs due to rising warm air.
79. What is rainfall caused by mountains called?
a) Orographic rainfall ✅
b) Convectional rainfall
c) Cyclonic rainfall
d) Monsoon rainfall
Explanation: Orographic rainfall occurs when moist air rises over mountains.
80. What is rainfall caused by low-pressure systems called?
a) Cyclonic rainfall ✅
b) Orographic rainfall
c) Convectional rainfall
d) Monsoon rainfall
Explanation: Cyclonic rainfall occurs in depressions and cyclones.
81. What is rainfall caused by seasonal winds called?
a) Monsoon rainfall ✅
b) Orographic rainfall
c) Convectional rainfall
d) Cyclonic rainfall
Explanation: Monsoon rainfall occurs due to seasonal reversal of winds.
82. What is the instrument used to measure rainfall?
a) Rain gauge ✅
b) Barometer
c) Hygrometer
d) Anemometer
Explanation: Rain gauge measures rainfall.
83. What is the instrument used to measure humidity?
a) Hygrometer ✅
b) Barometer
c) Rain gauge
d) Thermometer
Explanation: Hygrometer measures humidity.
84. What is the instrument used to measure air pressure?
a) Barometer ✅
b) Hygrometer
c) Rain gauge
d) Thermometer
Explanation: Barometer measures air pressure.
85. What is the instrument used to measure wind speed?
a) Anemometer ✅
b) Barometer
c) Hygrometer
d) Rain gauge
Explanation: Anemometer measures wind speed.
86. What is the instrument used to measure temperature?
a) Thermometer ✅
b) Barometer
c) Hygrometer
d) Rain gauge
Explanation: Thermometer measures temperature.
87. What is the instrument used to measure sunshine?
a) Campbell-Stokes recorder ✅
b) Barometer
c) Hygrometer
d) Rain gauge
Explanation: Campbell-Stokes recorder measures sunshine duration.
88. What is the instrument used to measure cloud cover?
a) Nephoscope ✅
b) Barometer
c) Hygrometer
d) Rain gauge
Explanation: Nephoscope measures cloud movement and cover.
89. What is the instrument used to measure upper air conditions?
a) Radiosonde ✅
b) Barometer
c) Hygrometer
d) Rain gauge
Explanation: Radiosonde measures temperature, pressure, and humidity aloft.
90. What is the instrument used to measure visibility?
a) Transmissometer ✅
b) Barometer
c) Hygrometer
d) Rain gauge
Explanation: Transmissometer measures visibility in the atmosphere.
91. What is the instrument used to measure evaporation?
a) Atmometer ✅
b) Barometer
c) Hygrometer
d) Rain gauge
Explanation: Atmometer measures evaporation rates.
92. What is the instrument used to measure dew point?
a) Dew point hygrometer ✅
b) Barometer
c) Rain gauge
d) Thermometer
Explanation: Dew point hygrometer measures dew point temperature.
93. What is the instrument used to measure wind direction?
a) Wind vane ✅
b) Barometer
c) Hygrometer
d) Rain gauge
Explanation: Wind vane shows wind direction.
94. What is the instrument used to measure cloud height?
a) Ceilometer ✅
b) Barometer
c) Hygrometer
d) Rain gauge
Explanation: Ceilometer measures cloud base height.
95. What is the instrument used to measure solar radiation?
a) Pyranometer ✅
b) Barometer
c) Hygrometer
d) Rain gauge
Explanation: Pyranometer measures solar radiation.
96. What is the instrument used to measure atmospheric electricity?
a) Electrometer ✅
b) Barometer
c) Hygrometer
d) Rain gauge
Explanation: Electrometer measures atmospheric electricity.
97. What is the instrument used to measure snow depth?
a) Snow gauge ✅
b) Barometer
c) Hygrometer
d) Rain gauge
Explanation: Snow gauge measures snow depth.
98. What is the instrument used to measure hail size?
a) Hail pad ✅
b) Barometer
c) Hygrometer
d) Rain gauge
Explanation: Hail pad records hailstone size.
99. What is the instrument used to measure fog density?
a) Nephelometer ✅
b) Barometer
c) Hygrometer
d) Rain gauge
Explanation: Nephelometer measures fog and aerosol density.
100. What is the instrument used to measure atmospheric turbulence?
a) Sonic anemometer ✅
b) Barometer
c) Hygrometer
d) Rain gauge
Explanation: Sonic anemometer measures turbulence in the atmosphere.
101. What causes auroras in the thermosphere?
a) Solar wind ✅
b) Rainfall
c) Earth’s rotation
d) Volcanoes
Explanation: Auroras occur when charged solar particles interact with Earth’s magnetic field.
102. What is the common name for aurora borealis?
a) Northern Lights ✅
b) Southern Lights
c) Shooting stars
d) Fireballs
Explanation: Aurora borealis is called Northern Lights.
103. What is the common name for aurora australis?
a) Southern Lights ✅
b) Northern Lights
c) Shooting stars
d) Fireballs
Explanation: Aurora australis is called Southern Lights.
104. What causes ozone depletion?
a) CFCs ✅
b) Nitrogen
c) Oxygen
d) Argon
Explanation: Chlorofluorocarbons destroy ozone molecules.
105. Which layer contains the ozone layer?
a) Stratosphere ✅
b) Troposphere
c) Mesosphere
d) Thermosphere
Explanation: Ozone layer lies in the stratosphere.
106. What is the effect of ozone depletion?
a) Increased UV radiation ✅
b) Reduced rainfall
c) Global cooling
d) Earthquakes
Explanation: Ozone depletion allows more UV rays to reach Earth.
107. What causes acid rain?
a) Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides ✅
b) Oxygen
c) Argon
d) Neon
Explanation: SO₂ and NOx combine with water to form acid rain.
108. What is the effect of acid rain on soil?
a) Loss of fertility ✅
b) Increased fertility
c) Neutral effect
d) Cooling
Explanation: Acid rain reduces soil fertility.
109. What is the effect of acid rain on buildings?
a) Corrosion ✅
b) Strengthening
c) Cooling
d) None
Explanation: Acid rain corrodes limestone and marble structures.
110. What is the effect of acid rain on lakes?
a) Reduced pH ✅
b) Increased pH
c) Neutral effect
d) None
Explanation: Acid rain lowers the pH of lakes, harming aquatic life.
111. What causes photochemical smog?
a) Nitrogen oxides and sunlight ✅
b) Oxygen
c) Argon
d) Neon
Explanation: Smog forms when NOx reacts with sunlight.
112. What is the effect of smog on humans?
a) Respiratory problems ✅
b) Strong bones
c) Better eyesight
d) None
Explanation: Smog causes breathing difficulties.
113. What is the effect of smog on plants?
a) Reduced photosynthesis ✅
b) Increased growth
c) Neutral effect
d) None
Explanation: Smog blocks sunlight, reducing photosynthesis.
114. What is the effect of greenhouse gases?
a) Global warming ✅
b) Cooling
c) Neutral effect
d) None
Explanation: Greenhouse gases trap heat, causing warming.
115. What is the effect of global warming on glaciers?
a) Melting ✅
b) Growth
c) Neutral effect
d) None
Explanation: Global warming melts glaciers.
116. What is the effect of global warming on sea level?
a) Rise ✅
b) Fall
c) Neutral effect
d) None
Explanation: Melting ice raises sea levels.
117. What is the effect of global warming on rainfall?
a) Irregular patterns ✅
b) Regular patterns
c) Neutral effect
d) None
Explanation: Global warming causes irregular rainfall.
118. What is the effect of global warming on storms?
a) Increased intensity ✅
b) Decreased intensity
c) Neutral effect
d) None
Explanation: Global warming intensifies storms.
119. What is the effect of global warming on biodiversity?
a) Loss ✅
b) Increase
c) Neutral effect
d) None
Explanation: Global warming reduces biodiversity.
120. What is the effect of global warming on agriculture?
a) Reduced productivity ✅
b) Increased productivity
c) Neutral effect
d) None
Explanation: Global warming reduces crop yields.
121. What is the effect of global warming on human health?
a) Heat stress ✅
b) Strong immunity
c) Neutral effect
d) None
Explanation: Global warming causes heat-related illnesses.
122. What is the effect of global warming on polar bears?
a) Loss of habitat ✅
b) Habitat gain
c) Neutral effect
d) None
Explanation: Melting ice reduces polar bear habitats.
123. What is the effect of global warming on coral reefs?
a) Bleaching ✅
b) Growth
c) Neutral effect
d) None
Explanation: Rising temperatures cause coral bleaching.
124. What is the effect of global warming on Arctic ice?
a) Shrinking ✅
b) Expanding
c) Neutral effect
d) None
Explanation: Arctic ice shrinks due to warming.
125. What is the effect of global warming on rainfall in India?
a) Erratic monsoons ✅
b) Regular monsoons
c) Neutral effect
d) None
Explanation: Global warming makes Indian monsoons unpredictable.
126. Which instrument measures atmospheric pressure?
a) Barometer ✅
b) Hygrometer
c) Rain gauge
d) Thermometer
Explanation: Barometer measures air pressure.
127. Which instrument measures humidity?
a) Hygrometer ✅
b) Barometer
c) Rain gauge
d) Thermometer
Explanation: Hygrometer measures moisture content in air.
128. Which instrument measures wind speed?
a) Anemometer ✅
b) Barometer
c) Hygrometer
d) Rain gauge
Explanation: Anemometer measures wind velocity.
129. Which instrument measures wind direction?
a) Wind vane ✅
b) Barometer
c) Hygrometer
d) Rain gauge
Explanation: Wind vane shows wind direction.
130. Which instrument measures rainfall?
a) Rain gauge ✅
b) Barometer
c) Hygrometer
d) Thermometer
Explanation: Rain gauge records precipitation.
131. Which instrument measures temperature?
a) Thermometer ✅
b) Barometer
c) Hygrometer
d) Rain gauge
Explanation: Thermometer measures air temperature.
132. Which instrument measures sunshine duration?
a) Campbell-Stokes recorder ✅
b) Barometer
c) Hygrometer
d) Rain gauge
Explanation: Campbell-Stokes recorder measures hours of sunshine.
133. Which instrument measures solar radiation?
a) Pyranometer ✅
b) Barometer
c) Hygrometer
d) Rain gauge
Explanation: Pyranometer measures solar radiation intensity.
134. Which instrument measures evaporation?
a) Atmometer ✅
b) Barometer
c) Hygrometer
d) Rain gauge
Explanation: Atmometer measures evaporation rates.
135. Which instrument measures cloud height?
a) Ceilometer ✅
b) Barometer
c) Hygrometer
d) Rain gauge
Explanation: Ceilometer measures cloud base altitude.
136. Which instrument measures cloud movement?
a) Nephoscope ✅
b) Barometer
c) Hygrometer
d) Rain gauge
Explanation: Nephoscope tracks cloud direction.
137. Which instrument measures upper air conditions?
a) Radiosonde ✅
b) Barometer
c) Hygrometer
d) Rain gauge
Explanation: Radiosonde measures temperature, pressure, humidity aloft.
138. Which instrument measures visibility?
a) Transmissometer ✅
b) Barometer
c) Hygrometer
d) Rain gauge
Explanation: Transmissometer measures atmospheric visibility.
139. Which instrument measures dew point?
a) Dew point hygrometer ✅
b) Barometer
c) Rain gauge
d) Thermometer
Explanation: Dew point hygrometer measures dew point temperature.
140. Which instrument measures atmospheric electricity?
a) Electrometer ✅
b) Barometer
c) Hygrometer
d) Rain gauge
Explanation: Electrometer measures electrical charges in atmosphere.
141. Which instrument measures turbulence?
a) Sonic anemometer ✅
b) Barometer
c) Hygrometer
d) Rain gauge
Explanation: Sonic anemometer measures turbulence and wind fluctuations.
142. Which instrument measures ozone concentration?
a) Dobson spectrophotometer ✅
b) Barometer
c) Hygrometer
d) Rain gauge
Explanation: Dobson spectrophotometer measures ozone levels.
143. Which instrument measures greenhouse gases?
a) Infrared gas analyzer ✅
b) Barometer
c) Hygrometer
d) Rain gauge
Explanation: Infrared gas analyzer detects CO₂ and methane.
144. Which instrument measures atmospheric particles?
a) Nephelometer ✅
b) Barometer
c) Hygrometer
d) Rain gauge
Explanation: Nephelometer measures aerosols and fog density.
145. Which instrument measures snow depth?
a) Snow gauge ✅
b) Barometer
c) Hygrometer
d) Rain gauge
Explanation: Snow gauge records snow accumulation.
146. Which instrument measures hail size?
a) Hail pad ✅
b) Barometer
c) Hygrometer
d) Rain gauge
Explanation: Hail pad records hailstone impact size.
147. Which instrument measures atmospheric pressure changes?
a) Aneroid barometer ✅
b) Hygrometer
c) Rain gauge
d) Thermometer
Explanation: Aneroid barometer measures pressure without liquid.
148. Which instrument measures wind at high altitudes?
a) Pilot balloon ✅
b) Barometer
c) Hygrometer
d) Rain gauge
Explanation: Pilot balloons track wind direction and speed aloft.
149. Which instrument measures atmospheric composition from space?
a) Satellites ✅
b) Barometer
c) Hygrometer
d) Rain gauge
Explanation: Satellites measure gases and aerosols globally.
150. Which instrument measures global temperature trends?
a) Weather satellites ✅
b) Barometer
c) Hygrometer
d) Rain gauge
Explanation: Satellites monitor Earth’s temperature and climate.
151. Which cell dominates tropical circulation?
a) Hadley cell ✅
b) Ferrel cell
c) Polar cell
d) Walker cell
Explanation: Hadley cell circulates air between equator and subtropics.
152. Which cell dominates mid-latitude circulation?
a) Ferrel cell ✅
b) Hadley cell
c) Polar cell
d) Walker cell
Explanation: Ferrel cell circulates air between subtropics and subpolar regions.
153. Which cell dominates polar circulation?
a) Polar cell ✅
b) Hadley cell
c) Ferrel cell
d) Walker cell
Explanation: Polar cell circulates air between poles and subpolar regions.
154. Which circulation explains trade winds?
a) Hadley cell ✅
b) Ferrel cell
c) Polar cell
d) Walker cell
Explanation: Hadley cell generates trade winds near the equator.
155. Which circulation explains westerlies?
a) Ferrel cell ✅
b) Hadley cell
c) Polar cell
d) Walker cell
Explanation: Ferrel cell generates westerlies in mid-latitudes.
156. Which circulation explains polar easterlies?
a) Polar cell ✅
b) Hadley cell
c) Ferrel cell
d) Walker cell
Explanation: Polar cell generates easterlies near poles.
157. Which circulation explains El Niño?
a) Walker cell ✅
b) Hadley cell
c) Ferrel cell
d) Polar cell
Explanation: Walker circulation affects Pacific Ocean currents, causing El Niño.
158. Which climate classification is most widely used?
a) Köppen ✅
b) Thornthwaite
c) Strahler
d) Trewartha
Explanation: Köppen classification is globally used for climate zones.
159. Which Köppen type represents tropical rainforest?
a) Af ✅
b) Aw
c) BWh
d) Cfa
Explanation: Af denotes tropical rainforest climate.
160. Which Köppen type represents tropical savanna?
a) Aw ✅
b) Af
c) BWh
d) Cfa
Explanation: Aw denotes tropical savanna climate.
161. Which Köppen type represents desert climate?
a) BWh ✅
b) Aw
c) Af
d) Cfa
Explanation: BWh denotes hot desert climate.
162. Which Köppen type represents steppe climate?
a) BSh ✅
b) Aw
c) Af
d) Cfa
Explanation: BSh denotes semi-arid steppe climate.
163. Which Köppen type represents humid subtropical climate?
a) Cfa ✅
b) Af
c) Aw
d) BWh
Explanation: Cfa denotes humid subtropical climate.
164. Which Köppen type represents Mediterranean climate?
a) Csa ✅
b) Af
c) Aw
d) BWh
Explanation: Csa denotes Mediterranean climate.
165. Which Köppen type represents oceanic climate?
a) Cfb ✅
b) Af
c) Aw
d) BWh
Explanation: Cfb denotes temperate oceanic climate.
166. Which Köppen type represents continental climate?
a) Dfb ✅
b) Af
c) Aw
d) BWh
Explanation: Dfb denotes humid continental climate.
167. Which Köppen type represents tundra climate?
a) ET ✅
b) Af
c) Aw
d) BWh
Explanation: ET denotes tundra climate.
168. Which Köppen type represents ice cap climate?
a) EF ✅
b) Af
c) Aw
d) BWh
Explanation: EF denotes ice cap climate.
169. Which Köppen type represents monsoon climate?
a) Am ✅
b) Af
c) Aw
d) BWh
Explanation: Am denotes tropical monsoon climate.
170. Which Köppen type represents hot desert climate?
a) BWh ✅
b) BSh
c) Aw
d) Af
Explanation: BWh denotes hot desert climate.
171. Which Köppen type represents cold desert climate?
a) BWk ✅
b) BWh
c) BSh
d) Aw
Explanation: BWk denotes cold desert climate.
172. Which Köppen type represents cold steppe climate?
a) BSk ✅
b) BSh
c) BWk
d) Aw
Explanation: BSk denotes cold semi-arid steppe climate.
173. Which Köppen type represents warm steppe climate?
a) BSh ✅
b) BSk
c) BWk
d) Aw
Explanation: BSh denotes warm semi-arid steppe climate.
174. Which Köppen type represents humid subtropical with dry winter?
a) Cwa ✅
b) Cfa
c) Cfb
d) Dfb
Explanation: Cwa denotes humid subtropical climate with dry winter.
175. Which Köppen type represents Mediterranean with dry summer?
a) Csa ✅
b) Cfa
c) Cfb
d) Dfb
Explanation: Csa denotes Mediterranean climate with dry summer.
176. Which gas is the main contributor to global warming?
a) Carbon dioxide ✅
b) Oxygen
c) Nitrogen
d) Argon
Explanation: CO₂ is the primary greenhouse gas from human activities.
177. Which gas is released by livestock digestion?
a) Methane ✅
b) Oxygen
c) Nitrogen
d) Argon
Explanation: Livestock release methane, a potent greenhouse gas.
178. Which gas is released by fertilizers?
a) Nitrous oxide ✅
b) Oxygen
c) Argon
d) Neon
Explanation: Fertilizers release nitrous oxide, contributing to warming.
179. Which gas is released by industries and damages ozone?
a) CFCs ✅
b) Oxygen
c) Argon
d) Neon
Explanation: CFCs destroy ozone and trap heat.
180. Which activity causes deforestation?
a) Logging ✅
b) Fishing
c) Mining
d) Tourism
Explanation: Logging clears forests, reducing carbon absorption.
181. Which activity causes desertification?
a) Overgrazing ✅
b) Fishing
c) Mining
d) Tourism
Explanation: Overgrazing removes vegetation, leading to desertification.
182. Which activity causes soil erosion?
a) Overfarming ✅
b) Fishing
c) Mining
d) Tourism
Explanation: Overfarming reduces soil fertility and causes erosion.
183. Which activity causes air pollution in cities?
a) Vehicle emissions ✅
b) Fishing
c) Mining
d) Tourism
Explanation: Vehicles emit CO₂, NOx, and particulates.
184. Which activity causes industrial smog?
a) Burning coal ✅
b) Fishing
c) Logging
d) Tourism
Explanation: Coal burning releases sulphur dioxide and particulates.
185. Which activity causes photochemical smog?
a) Vehicle emissions ✅
b) Logging
c) Fishing
d) Tourism
Explanation: Vehicle emissions react with sunlight to form smog.
186. Which activity causes acid rain?
a) Burning fossil fuels ✅
b) Logging
c) Fishing
d) Tourism
Explanation: Fossil fuels release SO₂ and NOx, causing acid rain.
187. Which activity causes global warming?
a) Burning fossil fuels ✅
b) Logging
c) Fishing
d) Tourism
Explanation: Fossil fuels release greenhouse gases.
188. Which activity causes ozone depletion?
a) Use of CFCs ✅
b) Logging
c) Fishing
d) Tourism
Explanation: CFCs destroy ozone molecules.
189. Which activity causes sea level rise?
a) Melting glaciers ✅
b) Logging
c) Fishing
d) Tourism
Explanation: Melting glaciers add water to oceans.
190. Which activity causes coral bleaching?
a) Rising sea temperatures ✅
b) Logging
c) Fishing
d) Tourism
Explanation: Warmer seas cause coral bleaching.
191. Which activity causes heat islands in cities?
a) Urbanization ✅
b) Logging
c) Fishing
d) Tourism
Explanation: Urbanization traps heat, creating heat islands.
192. Which activity causes deforestation in Amazon?
a) Cattle ranching ✅
b) Fishing
c) Mining
d) Tourism
Explanation: Cattle ranching clears Amazon forests.
193. Which activity causes deforestation in Indonesia?
a) Palm oil plantations ✅
b) Fishing
c) Mining
d) Tourism
Explanation: Palm oil plantations clear Indonesian forests.
194. Which activity causes deforestation in Africa?
a) Charcoal production ✅
b) Fishing
c) Mining
d) Tourism
Explanation: Charcoal production clears African forests.
195. Which activity causes desertification in Sahel?
a) Overgrazing ✅
b) Fishing
c) Mining
d) Tourism
Explanation: Overgrazing leads to desertification in Sahel.
196. Which activity causes smog in Los Angeles?
a) Vehicle emissions ✅
b) Logging
c) Fishing
d) Tourism
Explanation: Vehicle emissions cause photochemical smog in LA.
197. Which activity causes smog in London historically?
a) Burning coal ✅
b) Logging
c) Fishing
d) Tourism
Explanation: Coal burning caused London smog events.
198. Which activity causes climate change globally?
a) Burning fossil fuels ✅
b) Logging
c) Fishing
d) Tourism
Explanation: Fossil fuels drive global climate change.
199. Which activity causes melting of Arctic ice?
a) Global warming ✅
b) Logging
c) Fishing
d) Tourism
Explanation: Global warming melts Arctic ice.
200. Which activity causes unpredictable monsoons in India?
a) Climate change ✅
b) Logging
c) Fishing
d) Tourism
Explanation: Climate change disrupts monsoon patterns in India.
201. Which ocean phenomenon warms the Pacific waters?
a) El Niño ✅
b) La Niña
c) Monsoon
d) Cyclone
Explanation: El Niño is the warming of central/eastern Pacific waters.
202. Which ocean phenomenon cools the Pacific waters?
a) La Niña ✅
b) El Niño
c) Monsoon
d) Cyclone
Explanation: La Niña is the cooling of central/eastern Pacific waters.
203. Which event disrupts Indian monsoons?
a) El Niño ✅
b) La Niña
c) Dust Bowl
d) Smog
Explanation: El Niño weakens Indian monsoon rainfall.
204. Which event strengthens Indian monsoons?
a) La Niña ✅
b) El Niño
c) Dust Bowl
d) Smog
Explanation: La Niña enhances Indian monsoon rainfall.
205. Which event caused severe drought in USA in 1930s?
a) Dust Bowl ✅
b) El Niño
c) La Niña
d) Smog
Explanation: Dust Bowl was a drought and dust storm disaster in USA.
206. Which event caused London’s Great Smog in 1952?
a) Burning coal ✅
b) El Niño
c) La Niña
d) Dust Bowl
Explanation: Coal smoke and fog caused London’s deadly smog.
207. Which event caused Los Angeles smog?
a) Photochemical reactions ✅
b) El Niño
c) La Niña
d) Dust Bowl
Explanation: Vehicle emissions and sunlight caused LA smog.
208. Which event caused Bhopal gas tragedy?
a) Methyl isocyanate leak ✅
b) El Niño
c) La Niña
d) Dust Bowl
Explanation: MIC gas leak caused Bhopal disaster in 1984.
209. Which event caused Chernobyl disaster?
a) Nuclear accident ✅
b) El Niño
c) La Niña
d) Dust Bowl
Explanation: Chernobyl nuclear accident released radioactive gases.
210. Which event caused Fukushima disaster?
a) Tsunami ✅
b) El Niño
c) La Niña
d) Dust Bowl
Explanation: Tsunami damaged Fukushima nuclear plant in 2011.
211. Which event caused ozone hole discovery?
a) Antarctica ✅
b) El Niño
c) La Niña
d) Dust Bowl
Explanation: Ozone hole was discovered over Antarctica in 1985.
212. Which event caused Montreal Protocol?
a) Ozone depletion ✅
b) El Niño
c) La Niña
d) Dust Bowl
Explanation: Montreal Protocol was signed to protect ozone layer.
213. Which event caused Kyoto Protocol?
a) Climate change ✅
b) El Niño
c) La Niña
d) Dust Bowl
Explanation: Kyoto Protocol aimed to reduce greenhouse gases.
214. Which event caused Paris Agreement?
a) Global warming ✅
b) El Niño
c) La Niña
d) Dust Bowl
Explanation: Paris Agreement aimed to limit global warming.
215. Which event caused Hurricane Katrina in 2005?
a) Warm Gulf waters ✅
b) El Niño
c) La Niña
d) Dust Bowl
Explanation: Warm waters fueled Hurricane Katrina.
216. Which event caused Cyclone Fani in India?
a) Bay of Bengal warming ✅
b) El Niño
c) La Niña
d) Dust Bowl
Explanation: Warm Bay of Bengal waters caused Cyclone Fani.
217. Which event caused Australian bushfires in 2019?
a) Heatwaves ✅
b) El Niño
c) La Niña
d) Dust Bowl
Explanation: Extreme heatwaves triggered bushfires.
218. Which event caused California wildfires?
a) Drought ✅
b) El Niño
c) La Niña
d) Dust Bowl
Explanation: Drought and heat caused California wildfires.
219. Which event caused Chennai floods in 2015?
a) Heavy rainfall ✅
b) El Niño
c) La Niña
d) Dust Bowl
Explanation: Torrential rains caused Chennai floods.
220. Which event caused Kerala floods in 2018?
a) Monsoon rainfall ✅
b) El Niño
c) La Niña
d) Dust Bowl
Explanation: Heavy monsoon rains caused Kerala floods.
221. Which event caused Uttarakhand floods in 2013?
a) Cloudburst ✅
b) El Niño
c) La Niña
d) Dust Bowl
Explanation: Cloudburst and heavy rains caused Uttarakhand floods.
222. Which event caused Pakistan floods in 2022?
a) Monsoon rainfall ✅
b) El Niño
c) La Niña
d) Dust Bowl
Explanation: Heavy monsoon rains caused Pakistan floods.
223. Which event caused Bangladesh cyclone Sidr in 2007?
a) Bay of Bengal cyclone ✅
b) El Niño
c) La Niña
d) Dust Bowl
Explanation: Cyclone Sidr struck Bangladesh in 2007.
224. Which event caused Philippines typhoon Haiyan in 2013?
a) Warm Pacific waters ✅
b) El Niño
c) La Niña
d) Dust Bowl
Explanation: Warm Pacific waters fueled Typhoon Haiyan.
225. Which event caused Maldives sea level threat?
a) Global warming ✅
b) El Niño
c) La Niña
d) Dust Bowl
Explanation: Global warming threatens Maldives with sea level rise.
226. Which layer is used by airplanes for smooth travel?
a) Stratosphere ✅
b) Troposphere
c) Mesosphere
d) Thermosphere
Explanation: Aircraft fly in the stratosphere to avoid turbulence.
227. Which layer is used by rockets to enter space?
a) Thermosphere ✅
b) Troposphere
c) Stratosphere
d) Mesosphere
Explanation: Rockets pass through the thermosphere before reaching space.
228. Which layer is used by satellites for communication?
a) Ionosphere ✅
b) Troposphere
c) Stratosphere
d) Mesosphere
Explanation: Satellites use ionosphere for radio wave reflection.
229. Which layer is used by GPS satellites?
a) Exosphere ✅
b) Troposphere
c) Stratosphere
d) Mesosphere
Explanation: GPS satellites orbit in the exosphere.
230. Which layer is used by weather balloons?
a) Stratosphere ✅
b) Troposphere
c) Mesosphere
d) Thermosphere
Explanation: Weather balloons rise into the stratosphere.
231. Which layer is used by meteorological satellites?
a) Exosphere ✅
b) Troposphere
c) Stratosphere
d) Mesosphere
Explanation: Satellites orbit in the exosphere.
232. Which layer is used by space shuttles?
a) Thermosphere ✅
b) Troposphere
c) Stratosphere
d) Mesosphere
Explanation: Space shuttles travel through the thermosphere.
233. Which layer is used by radio communication?
a) Ionosphere ✅
b) Troposphere
c) Stratosphere
d) Mesosphere
Explanation: Ionosphere reflects radio waves for communication.
234. Which layer is used by aurora observations?
a) Thermosphere ✅
b) Troposphere
c) Stratosphere
d) Mesosphere
Explanation: Auroras occur in the thermosphere.
235. Which layer is used by radar systems?
a) Troposphere ✅
b) Stratosphere
c) Mesosphere
d) Thermosphere
Explanation: Radar signals operate within the troposphere.
236. Which atmospheric factor affects agriculture most?
a) Rainfall ✅
b) Earthquakes
c) Volcanoes
d) Tides
Explanation: Rainfall directly impacts crop growth.
237. Which atmospheric factor affects aviation most?
a) Wind ✅
b) Rainfall
c) Earthquakes
d) Volcanoes
Explanation: Wind patterns affect flight routes and safety.
238. Which atmospheric factor affects shipping most?
a) Cyclones ✅
b) Rainfall
c) Earthquakes
d) Volcanoes
Explanation: Cyclones disrupt shipping routes.
239. Which atmospheric factor affects tourism most?
a) Climate ✅
b) Earthquakes
c) Volcanoes
d) Tides
Explanation: Climate influences tourist activities.
240. Which atmospheric factor affects fishing most?
a) Monsoons ✅
b) Earthquakes
c) Volcanoes
d) Tides
Explanation: Monsoons affect fishing seasons.
241. Which atmospheric factor affects energy production most?
a) Wind ✅
b) Earthquakes
c) Volcanoes
d) Tides
Explanation: Wind energy depends on atmospheric circulation.
242. Which atmospheric factor affects solar power most?
a) Sunshine ✅
b) Rainfall
c) Earthquakes
d) Volcanoes
Explanation: Solar power depends on sunshine duration.
243. Which atmospheric factor affects hydropower most?
a) Rainfall ✅
b) Wind
c) Earthquakes
d) Volcanoes
Explanation: Hydropower depends on rainfall and river flow.
244. Which atmospheric factor affects communication most?
a) Ionosphere ✅
b) Troposphere
c) Stratosphere
d) Mesosphere
Explanation: Ionosphere reflects radio waves for communication.
245. Which atmospheric factor affects forecasting most?
a) Pressure ✅
b) Earthquakes
c) Volcanoes
d) Tides
Explanation: Pressure changes are key to weather forecasting.
246. Which atmospheric factor affects climate zones most?
a) Latitude ✅
b) Earthquakes
c) Volcanoes
d) Tides
Explanation: Latitude determines climate zones.
247. Which atmospheric factor affects jet streams most?
a) Temperature gradient ✅
b) Earthquakes
c) Volcanoes
d) Tides
Explanation: Jet streams form due to temperature differences.
248. Which atmospheric factor affects cyclones most?
a) Warm ocean ✅
b) Earthquakes
c) Volcanoes
d) Tides
Explanation: Warm ocean waters fuel cyclones.
249. Which atmospheric factor affects droughts most?
a) Lack of rainfall ✅
b) Earthquakes
c) Volcanoes
d) Tides
Explanation: Droughts occur due to insufficient rainfall.
250. Which atmospheric factor affects floods most?
a) Heavy rainfall ✅
b) Earthquakes
c) Volcanoes
d) Tides
Explanation: Floods occur due to excessive rainfall.
251. Which sphere interacts most with atmosphere to form weather?
a) Hydrosphere ✅
b) Lithosphere
c) Biosphere
d) Cryosphere
Explanation: Hydrosphere provides moisture and heat exchange with atmosphere.
252. Which sphere interacts most with atmosphere to form climate?
a) Lithosphere ✅
b) Hydrosphere
c) Biosphere
d) Cryosphere
Explanation: Landforms and surface features influence climate patterns.
253. Which sphere interacts most with atmosphere to form ecosystems?
a) Biosphere ✅
b) Lithosphere
c) Hydrosphere
d) Cryosphere
Explanation: Biosphere depends on atmosphere for oxygen, CO₂, and climate.
254. Which sphere interacts most with atmosphere to form polar weather?
a) Cryosphere ✅
b) Lithosphere
c) Hydrosphere
d) Biosphere
Explanation: Ice and snow regulate polar climate.
255. Which factor differentiates tropical vs temperate climates?
a) Latitude ✅
b) Longitude
c) Altitude
d) Ocean currents
Explanation: Latitude determines solar radiation and climate zones.
256. Which factor differentiates coastal vs inland climates?
a) Distance from sea ✅
b) Latitude
c) Longitude
d) Altitude
Explanation: Coastal areas have moderate climate due to sea influence.
257. Which factor differentiates mountain vs plain climates?
a) Altitude ✅
b) Latitude
c) Longitude
d) Ocean currents
Explanation: Altitude affects temperature and rainfall.
258. Which factor differentiates desert vs rainforest climates?
a) Rainfall ✅
b) Latitude
c) Longitude
d) Altitude
Explanation: Rainfall determines arid vs humid climates.
259. Which factor differentiates equatorial vs polar climates?
a) Solar radiation ✅
b) Longitude
c) Altitude
d) Ocean currents
Explanation: Equator receives maximum solar radiation, poles minimum.
260. Which factor differentiates monsoon vs Mediterranean climates?
a) Rainfall seasonality ✅
b) Latitude
c) Longitude
d) Altitude
Explanation: Monsoon has summer rainfall, Mediterranean has winter rainfall.
261. Which factor differentiates continental vs oceanic climates?
a) Distance from sea ✅
b) Latitude
c) Longitude
d) Altitude
Explanation: Continental climates have extremes, oceanic are moderate.
262. Which factor differentiates humid vs arid climates?
a) Moisture availability ✅
b) Latitude
c) Longitude
d) Altitude
Explanation: Moisture availability defines humid vs arid zones.
263. Which factor differentiates tropical vs polar winds?
a) Pressure belts ✅
b) Latitude
c) Longitude
d) Altitude
Explanation: Pressure belts generate different wind systems.
264. Which factor differentiates El Niño vs La Niña?
a) Pacific Ocean temperature ✅
b) Latitude
c) Longitude
d) Altitude
Explanation: El Niño warms, La Niña cools Pacific waters.
265. Which factor differentiates cyclone vs anticyclone?
a) Pressure system ✅
b) Latitude
c) Longitude
d) Altitude
Explanation: Cyclones are low-pressure, anticyclones are high-pressure systems.
266. Which factor differentiates hurricane vs typhoon?
a) Location ✅
b) Latitude
c) Longitude
d) Altitude
Explanation: Hurricanes occur in Atlantic, typhoons in Pacific.
267. Which factor differentiates tornado vs cyclone?
a) Scale ✅
b) Latitude
c) Longitude
d) Altitude
Explanation: Tornadoes are small-scale, cyclones are large-scale storms.
268. Which factor differentiates weather vs climate?
a) Time scale ✅
b) Latitude
c) Longitude
d) Altitude
Explanation: Weather is short-term, climate is long-term.
269. Which factor differentiates troposphere vs stratosphere?
a) Temperature trend ✅
b) Latitude
c) Longitude
d) Altitude
Explanation: Troposphere cools with height, stratosphere warms with height.
270. Which factor differentiates mesosphere vs thermosphere?
a) Temperature trend ✅
b) Latitude
c) Longitude
d) Altitude
Explanation: Mesosphere cools with height, thermosphere warms with height.
271. Which factor differentiates exosphere vs thermosphere?
a) Density ✅
b) Latitude
c) Longitude
d) Altitude
Explanation: Exosphere has extremely low density compared to thermosphere.
272. Which factor differentiates greenhouse effect vs global warming?
a) Cause ✅
b) Latitude
c) Longitude
d) Altitude
Explanation: Greenhouse effect is natural, global warming is human-induced.
273. Which factor differentiates acid rain vs normal rain?
a) pH ✅
b) Latitude
c) Longitude
d) Altitude
Explanation: Acid rain has lower pH due to pollutants.
274. Which factor differentiates smog vs fog?
a) Composition ✅
b) Latitude
c) Longitude
d) Altitude
Explanation: Smog contains pollutants, fog is condensed water vapor.
275. Which factor differentiates aurora borealis vs aurora australis?
a) Hemisphere ✅
b) Latitude
c) Longitude
d) Altitude
Explanation: Borealis occurs in Northern Hemisphere, Australis in Southern Hemisphere.
276. What percentage of Earth’s atmosphere is nitrogen?
a) 78% ✅
b) 21%
c) 1%
d) 0.03%
Explanation: Nitrogen makes up 78% of the atmosphere.
277. What percentage of Earth’s atmosphere is oxygen?
a) 21% ✅
b) 78%
c) 1%
d) 0.03%
Explanation: Oxygen makes up 21% of the atmosphere.
278. What percentage of Earth’s atmosphere is carbon dioxide?
a) 0.03% ✅
b) 21%
c) 78%
d) 1%
Explanation: Carbon dioxide is present in trace amounts.
279. Which gas is most abundant after nitrogen and oxygen?
a) Argon ✅
b) Carbon dioxide
c) Neon
d) Methane
Explanation: Argon makes up ~0.93% of the atmosphere.
280. Which layer contains most of the atmospheric mass?
a) Troposphere ✅
b) Stratosphere
c) Mesosphere
d) Thermosphere
Explanation: Troposphere contains ~75% of atmospheric mass.
281. Which layer contains the ozone layer?
a) Stratosphere ✅
b) Troposphere
c) Mesosphere
d) Thermosphere
Explanation: Ozone layer lies in the stratosphere.
282. Which layer burns meteors?
a) Mesosphere ✅
b) Troposphere
c) Stratosphere
d) Thermosphere
Explanation: Meteors disintegrate in the mesosphere.
283. Which layer contains auroras?
a) Thermosphere ✅
b) Troposphere
c) Stratosphere
d) Mesosphere
Explanation: Auroras occur in the thermosphere.
284. Which layer merges into outer space?
a) Exosphere ✅
b) Thermosphere
c) Mesosphere
d) Stratosphere
Explanation: Exosphere gradually transitions into space.
285. Which winds blow toward the equator?
a) Trade winds ✅
b) Westerlies
c) Polar easterlies
d) Monsoons
Explanation: Trade winds converge at the equator.
286. Which winds blow from 30° to 60° latitude?
a) Westerlies ✅
b) Trade winds
c) Polar easterlies
d) Monsoons
Explanation: Westerlies dominate mid-latitudes.
287. Which winds blow from poles to 60° latitude?
a) Polar easterlies ✅
b) Westerlies
c) Trade winds
d) Monsoons
Explanation: Polar easterlies dominate polar regions.
288. Which calm belt lies near the equator?
a) Doldrums ✅
b) Horse latitudes
c) Polar front
d) Westerlies
Explanation: Doldrums are calm equatorial regions.
289. Which calm belt lies near 30° latitude?
a) Horse latitudes ✅
b) Doldrums
c) Polar front
d) Westerlies
Explanation: Horse latitudes are calm subtropical regions.
290. Which rainfall is caused by mountains?
a) Orographic ✅
b) Convectional
c) Cyclonic
d) Monsoon
Explanation: Orographic rainfall occurs when moist air rises over mountains.
291. Which rainfall is caused by rising warm air?
a) Convectional ✅
b) Orographic
c) Cyclonic
d) Monsoon
Explanation: Convectional rainfall occurs due to heating.
292. Which rainfall is caused by low-pressure systems?
a) Cyclonic ✅
b) Orographic
c) Convectional
d) Monsoon
Explanation: Cyclonic rainfall occurs in depressions.
293. Which rainfall is caused by seasonal winds?
a) Monsoon ✅
b) Orographic
c) Convectional
d) Cyclonic
Explanation: Monsoon rainfall occurs due to seasonal reversal.
294. Which instrument measures rainfall?
a) Rain gauge ✅
b) Barometer
c) Hygrometer
d) Thermometer
Explanation: Rain gauge records precipitation.
295. Which instrument measures air pressure?
a) Barometer ✅
b) Hygrometer
c) Rain gauge
d) Thermometer
Explanation: Barometer measures atmospheric pressure.
296. Which instrument measures humidity?
a) Hygrometer ✅
b) Barometer
c) Rain gauge
d) Thermometer
Explanation: Hygrometer measures moisture content.
297. Which instrument measures wind speed?
a) Anemometer ✅
b) Barometer
c) Hygrometer
d) Rain gauge
Explanation: Anemometer measures wind velocity.
298. Which instrument measures wind direction?
a) Wind vane ✅
b) Barometer
c) Hygrometer
d) Rain gauge
Explanation: Wind vane shows wind direction.
299. Which instrument measures sunshine duration?
a) Campbell-Stokes recorder ✅
b) Barometer
c) Hygrometer
d) Rain gauge
Explanation: Campbell-Stokes recorder measures hours of sunshine.
300. Which instrument measures solar radiation?
a) Pyranometer ✅
b) Barometer
c) Hygrometer
d) Rain gauge
Explanation: Pyranometer measures solar radiation intensity.
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