Landforms
a) Rockies
b) Himalayas ✅
c) Alps
d) Andes
Explanation: The Himalayas contain Mount Everest, the tallest peak on Earth.
2. A plateau is best described as:
a) Coastal dune
b) Elevated flat land ✅
c) Deep valley
d) Low‑lying plain
Explanation: Plateaus are flat elevated areas formed by tectonic uplift or volcanic activity.
3. Which landform is created by river erosion?
a) Delta
b) Sand dune
c) Volcano
d) Canyon ✅
Explanation: Canyons are carved by continuous river erosion cutting deep into rock layers.
4. The largest hot desert in the world is:
a) Kalahari
b) Sahara ✅
c) Thar
d) Gobi
Explanation: The Sahara spans over 9 million sq km across North Africa.
5. A delta is formed by:
a) River deposition at mouth ✅
b) Volcanic eruption
c) Glacial deposition
d) Wind erosion
Explanation: Deltas form when rivers deposit sediments at their mouths.
6. Which of the following is a volcanic mountain?
a) Mount Everest
b) Mount Kilimanjaro ✅
c) Mount Elbrus
d) Mount McKinley
Explanation: Kilimanjaro in Tanzania is formed by volcanic activity.
7. Loess plains are formed by deposition of:
a) Wind‑blown silt ✅
b) Volcanic ash
c) River gravel
d) Glacial till
Explanation: Loess plains are fertile soils created by wind‑blown silt deposits.
8. Which landform is created by glacial movement?
a) V‑shaped valley
b) Sand dune
c) U‑shaped valley ✅
d) Delta
Explanation: Glaciers carve broad U‑shaped valleys by eroding landscapes.
9. Which of the following is a coastal landform?
a) Cliff ✅
b) Canyon
c) Plateau
d) Mesa
Explanation: Cliffs are steep coastal features formed by wave erosion.
10. Which river landform is formed by meandering?
a) Delta
b) Canyon
c) Oxbow lake ✅
d) Floodplain
Explanation: Oxbow lakes form when meanders are cut off from the main river.
11. Which of the following is an erosional landform of wind?
a) Delta
b) Glacial moraine
c) Volcano
d) Yardang ✅
Explanation: Yardangs are streamlined ridges carved by wind erosion in deserts.
12. Which plateau is known as the “Roof of the World”?
a) Colorado Plateau
b) Patagonian Plateau
c) Tibetan Plateau ✅
d) Deccan Plateau
Explanation: The Tibetan Plateau has the highest average elevation globally.
13. Which landform results from volcanic eruptions under the sea?
a) Canyon
b) Loess plain
c) Island ✅
d) Delta
Explanation: Volcanic islands like Hawaii form from undersea eruptions.
14. Which of the following is a depositional feature of glaciers?
a) Canyon
b) Mesa
c) Moraine ✅
d) Cliff
Explanation: Moraines are formed from unsorted debris deposited by glaciers.
15. Which landform is formed by underground water action?
a) Sand dune
b) Delta
c) Plateau
d) Stalactite ✅
Explanation: Stalactites form from calcium carbonate deposits in caves.
16. Which is the longest mountain range in the world?
a) Himalayas
b) Andes ✅
c) Rockies
d) Alps
Explanation: The Andes stretch over 7,000 km along South America.
17. Which landform is formed by wind deposition?
a) Canyon
b) Sand dune ✅
c) Plateau
d) Cliff
Explanation: Sand dunes are created when wind deposits sand in desert or coastal regions.
18. Which valley is typically formed by river erosion?
a) U‑shaped valley
b) V‑shaped valley ✅
c) Rift valley
d) Hanging valley
Explanation: Rivers cut narrow V‑shaped valleys through erosion.
19. Which of the following is a depositional feature of rivers?
a) Gorge
b) Meander
c) Floodplain ✅
d) Cliff
Explanation: Floodplains form when rivers deposit sediments during floods.
20. Which landform is formed by tectonic forces pulling apart the crust?
a) Rift valley ✅
b) Plateau
c) Canyon
d) Delta
Explanation: Rift valleys form when tectonic plates diverge, creating depressions.
21. Which desert is the cold desert of Asia?
a) Sahara
b) Gobi ✅
c) Thar
d) Kalahari
Explanation: The Gobi Desert in Mongolia and China is a cold desert.
22. Which coastal landform is formed by deposition?
a) Cliff
b) Beach ✅
c) Stack
d) Cave
Explanation: Beaches are formed when waves deposit sand and pebbles along the shore.
23. Which of the following is a volcanic plateau?
a) Deccan Plateau ✅
b) Tibetan Plateau
c) Colorado Plateau
d) Patagonian Plateau
Explanation: The Deccan Plateau was formed by extensive lava flows.
24. Which glacial feature is formed when ice melts and leaves depressions?
a) Moraine
b) Kettle lake ✅
c) Yardang
d) Mesa
Explanation: Kettle lakes form when blocks of ice melt and leave hollows filled with water.
25. Which landform is formed by chemical weathering in limestone regions?
a) Karst topography ✅
b) Canyon
c) Plateau
d) Cliff
Explanation: Karst landscapes include caves, sinkholes, and stalactites formed by limestone dissolution.
26. Which mountain range is the oldest in the world?
a) Himalayas
b) Appalachians ✅
c) Andes
d) Rockies
Explanation: The Appalachian Mountains are among the oldest, formed over 480 million years ago.
27. Which landform is formed by river deposition at the mouth into the sea?
a) Delta ✅
b) Canyon
c) Plateau
d) Cliff
Explanation: Deltas form when rivers deposit sediments at their mouths.
28. Which desert is located in India?
a) Sahara
b) Thar ✅
c) Gobi
d) Kalahari
Explanation: The Thar Desert lies in northwestern India and eastern Pakistan.
29. Which of the following is a depositional coastal feature?
a) Spit ✅
b) Cliff
c) Cave
d) Stack
Explanation: Spits are formed when waves deposit sand extending from the coast.
30. Which landform is formed by glacial erosion?
a) Cirque ✅
b) Moraine
c) Sand dune
d) Delta
Explanation: Cirques are bowl-shaped depressions carved by glaciers.
31. Which plateau is formed by lava flows?
a) Deccan Plateau ✅
b) Tibetan Plateau
c) Colorado Plateau
d) Patagonian Plateau
Explanation: The Deccan Plateau was created by extensive volcanic lava flows.
32. Which of the following is a depositional feature of rivers?
a) Gorge
b) Alluvial fan ✅
c) Cliff
d) Canyon
Explanation: Alluvial fans form when rivers deposit sediments at mountain bases.
33. Which landform is formed by wind erosion in deserts?
a) Yardang ✅
b) Sand dune
c) Delta
d) Plateau
Explanation: Yardangs are streamlined ridges carved by wind erosion.
34. Which mountain range is known as the “Alps of Asia”?
a) Himalayas
b) Karakoram ✅
c) Rockies
d) Andes
Explanation: The Karakoram range is often called the Alps of Asia due to its rugged peaks.
35. Which of the following is a depositional feature of glaciers?
a) Esker ✅
b) Gorge
c) Cliff
d) Canyon
Explanation: Eskers are long ridges of sand and gravel deposited by glacial meltwater.
36. Which landform is formed by underground water dissolving limestone?
a) Sinkhole ✅
b) Plateau
c) Canyon
d) Mesa
Explanation: Sinkholes form when limestone dissolves, creating depressions.
37. Which desert is the largest cold desert in the world?
a) Gobi
b) Antarctica ✅
c) Sahara
d) Kalahari
Explanation: Antarctica is the largest cold desert, covered by ice sheets.
38. Which of the following is an erosional coastal feature?
a) Sea arch ✅
b) Beach
c) Spit
d) Lagoon
Explanation: Sea arches are formed by wave erosion cutting through headlands.
39. Which landform is formed by tectonic plate collision?
a) Fold mountains ✅
b) Rift valley
c) Plateau
d) Canyon
Explanation: Fold mountains like the Himalayas form when plates collide and fold.
40. Which of the following is a depositional feature of wind?
a) Sand dune ✅
b) Cliff
c) Gorge
d) Canyon
Explanation: Wind deposits sand to form dunes in deserts and coastal areas.
41. Which plateau is located in South America?
a) Patagonian Plateau ✅
b) Deccan Plateau
c) Tibetan Plateau
d) Colorado Plateau
Explanation: The Patagonian Plateau lies in southern Argentina.
42. Which landform is formed by river erosion in hard rock regions?
a) Gorge ✅
b) Delta
c) Plateau
d) Cliff
Explanation: Gorges are deep narrow valleys formed by river erosion in hard rock.
43. Which desert is located in southern Africa?
a) Sahara
b) Kalahari ✅
c) Gobi
d) Thar
Explanation: The Kalahari Desert covers Botswana, Namibia, and South Africa.
44. Which of the following is a depositional coastal feature?
a) Lagoon ✅
b) Cliff
c) Cave
d) Stack
Explanation: Lagoons form when sandbars or spits enclose water near the coast.
45. Which landform is formed by glacial deposition?
a) Drumlin ✅
b) Canyon
c) Plateau
d) Cliff
Explanation: Drumlins are elongated hills formed by glacial deposition.
46. Which mountain range is located in North America?
a) Rockies ✅
b) Andes
c) Alps
d) Himalayas
Explanation: The Rocky Mountains stretch across western North America.
47. Which of the following is a depositional feature of rivers?
a) Natural levee ✅
b) Gorge
c) Cliff
d) Canyon
Explanation: Natural levees form when rivers deposit sediments along their banks.
48. Which landform is formed by volcanic activity under the ocean?
a) Volcanic island ✅
b) Canyon
c) Plateau
d) Cliff
Explanation: Volcanic islands like Iceland form from eruptions under the ocean.
49. Which desert is located in China and Mongolia?
a) Gobi ✅
b) Sahara
c) Thar
d) Kalahari
Explanation: The Gobi Desert is a cold desert spanning China and Mongolia.
50. Which of the following is an erosional coastal feature?
a) Stack ✅
b) Beach
c) Spit
d) Lagoon
Explanation: Stacks are isolated rock pillars formed by wave erosion of headlands.
51. Which landform is formed when a river cuts through soft rock?
a) Gorge
b) Canyon ✅
c) Plateau
d) Cliff
Explanation: Canyons are deep valleys carved by rivers in soft rock regions.
52. Which desert is located in Australia?
a) Sahara
b) Great Victoria Desert ✅
c) Gobi
d) Thar
Explanation: The Great Victoria Desert is the largest desert in Australia.
53. Which of the following is a depositional feature of glaciers?
a) Outwash plain ✅
b) Gorge
c) Cliff
d) Canyon
Explanation: Outwash plains are formed by sediments deposited by glacial meltwater.
54. Which mountain range is located in Europe?
a) Alps ✅
b) Rockies
c) Andes
d) Himalayas
Explanation: The Alps stretch across several European countries including Switzerland and France.
55. Which landform is formed by river deposition in arid regions?
a) Alluvial fan ✅
b) Canyon
c) Plateau
d) Cliff
Explanation: Alluvial fans form when rivers deposit sediments at mountain bases in dry regions.
56. Which desert is located in South America?
a) Atacama Desert ✅
b) Sahara
c) Gobi
d) Thar
Explanation: The Atacama Desert in Chile is one of the driest places on Earth.
57. Which of the following is an erosional coastal feature?
a) Sea cave ✅
b) Beach
c) Spit
d) Lagoon
Explanation: Sea caves are formed by wave erosion along weak rock lines.
58. Which landform is formed by glacial erosion at mountain tops?
a) Cirque ✅
b) Moraine
c) Drumlin
d) Plateau
Explanation: Cirques are bowl-shaped hollows carved by glaciers at mountain tops.
59. Which plateau is located in North America?
a) Colorado Plateau ✅
b) Deccan Plateau
c) Tibetan Plateau
d) Patagonian Plateau
Explanation: The Colorado Plateau is famous for its layered rock formations.
60. Which of the following is a depositional feature of rivers?
a) Point bar ✅
b) Gorge
c) Cliff
d) Canyon
Explanation: Point bars form on the inner bends of meandering rivers.
61. Which landform is formed by volcanic eruptions on land?
a) Volcano ✅
b) Canyon
c) Plateau
d) Cliff
Explanation: Volcanoes are mountains formed by eruptions of magma and ash.
62. Which desert is located in Namibia?
a) Namib Desert ✅
b) Sahara
c) Gobi
d) Thar
Explanation: The Namib Desert is one of the oldest deserts in the world.
63. Which of the following is an erosional coastal feature?
a) Headland ✅
b) Beach
c) Spit
d) Lagoon
Explanation: Headlands are formed when resistant rocks remain after wave erosion.
64. Which landform is formed by glacial deposition of unsorted debris?
a) Moraine ✅
b) Canyon
c) Plateau
d) Cliff
Explanation: Moraines are accumulations of unsorted glacial debris.
65. Which mountain range is located in Africa?
a) Atlas Mountains ✅
b) Rockies
c) Andes
d) Alps
Explanation: The Atlas Mountains stretch across Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia.
66. Which of the following is a depositional feature of rivers?
a) Delta ✅
b) Gorge
c) Cliff
d) Canyon
Explanation: Deltas form when rivers deposit sediments at their mouths.
67. Which landform is formed by wind erosion in deserts?
a) Deflation hollow ✅
b) Sand dune
c) Plateau
d) Cliff
Explanation: Deflation hollows are depressions formed by wind removing loose particles.
68. Which desert is located in Botswana?
a) Kalahari Desert ✅
b) Sahara
c) Gobi
d) Thar
Explanation: The Kalahari Desert covers much of Botswana and parts of Namibia.
69. Which of the following is a depositional coastal feature?
a) Tombolo ✅
b) Cliff
c) Cave
d) Stack
Explanation: Tombolos are sandbars connecting islands to the mainland.
70. Which landform is formed by glacial erosion creating sharp ridges?
a) Arête ✅
b) Moraine
c) Drumlin
d) Plateau
Explanation: Arêtes are sharp ridges formed between two glacial valleys.
71. Which plateau is located in Argentina?
a) Patagonian Plateau ✅
b) Deccan Plateau
c) Tibetan Plateau
d) Colorado Plateau
Explanation: The Patagonian Plateau lies in southern Argentina.
72. Which of the following is a depositional feature of rivers?
a) Floodplain ✅
b) Gorge
c) Cliff
d) Canyon
Explanation: Floodplains form when rivers deposit sediments during floods.
73. Which landform is formed by volcanic eruptions under the sea?
a) Volcanic island ✅
b) Canyon
c) Plateau
d) Cliff
Explanation: Volcanic islands like Hawaii form from undersea eruptions.
74. Which desert is located in Iran?
a) Dasht‑e Kavir ✅
b) Sahara
c) Gobi
d) Thar
Explanation: The Dasht‑e Kavir is a large desert in central Iran.
75. Which of the following is an erosional coastal feature?
a) Sea arch ✅
b) Beach
c) Spit
d) Lagoon
Explanation: Sea arches are formed when waves cut through headlands.
76. Which landform is formed by glacial erosion creating steep-sided valleys?
a) Fjord ✅
b) Canyon
c) Plateau
d) Cliff
Explanation: Fjords are deep valleys carved by glaciers and later filled with seawater.
77. Which desert is located in Chile?
a) Atacama Desert ✅
b) Sahara
c) Gobi
d) Thar
Explanation: The Atacama Desert is one of the driest deserts in the world.
78. Which of the following is a depositional coastal feature?
a) Sandbar ✅
b) Cliff
c) Cave
d) Stack
Explanation: Sandbars are formed when waves deposit sand parallel to the coast.
79. Which landform is formed by glacial erosion leaving sharp peaks?
a) Horn ✅
b) Moraine
c) Drumlin
d) Plateau
Explanation: Horns are sharp mountain peaks formed by glaciers eroding from multiple sides.
80. Which plateau is located in Asia?
a) Tibetan Plateau ✅
b) Deccan Plateau
c) Colorado Plateau
d) Patagonian Plateau
Explanation: The Tibetan Plateau is the highest plateau in the world.
81. Which of the following is a depositional feature of rivers?
a) Meander scroll ✅
b) Gorge
c) Cliff
d) Canyon
Explanation: Meander scrolls are formed by deposition along meandering river bends.
82. Which landform is formed by volcanic eruptions producing flat layers?
a) Lava plateau ✅
b) Canyon
c) Cliff
d) Gorge
Explanation: Lava plateaus are formed by successive lava flows covering large areas.
83. Which desert is located in North America?
a) Sonoran Desert ✅
b) Sahara
c) Gobi
d) Thar
Explanation: The Sonoran Desert spans Arizona, California, and Mexico.
84. Which of the following is an erosional coastal feature?
a) Wave-cut platform ✅
b) Beach
c) Spit
d) Lagoon
Explanation: Wave-cut platforms are flat areas formed by wave erosion at cliff bases.
85. Which landform is formed by glacial deposition of elongated hills?
a) Drumlin ✅
b) Canyon
c) Plateau
d) Cliff
Explanation: Drumlins are streamlined hills formed by glacial deposition.
86. Which mountain range is located in South America?
a) Andes ✅
b) Rockies
c) Alps
d) Himalayas
Explanation: The Andes stretch along the western edge of South America.
87. Which of the following is a depositional feature of rivers?
a) Braided channel ✅
b) Gorge
c) Cliff
d) Canyon
Explanation: Braided channels form when rivers deposit sediments creating multiple channels.
88. Which landform is formed by wind erosion leaving isolated rock hills?
a) Inselberg ✅
b) Sand dune
c) Plateau
d) Cliff
Explanation: Inselbergs are isolated rock hills formed by wind and weathering.
89. Which desert is located in North Africa?
a) Sahara Desert ✅
b) Gobi
c) Thar
d) Kalahari
Explanation: The Sahara is the largest hot desert in the world.
90. Which of the following is a depositional coastal feature?
a) Spit ✅
b) Cliff
c) Cave
d) Stack
Explanation: Spits are formed when sand extends from the coast into the sea.
91. Which landform is formed by glacial erosion creating hanging valleys?
a) Hanging valley ✅
b) Moraine
c) Drumlin
d) Plateau
Explanation: Hanging valleys are formed when smaller glaciers join larger ones at higher levels.
92. Which plateau is located in India?
a) Deccan Plateau ✅
b) Tibetan Plateau
c) Colorado Plateau
d) Patagonian Plateau
Explanation: The Deccan Plateau covers most of southern India.
93. Which of the following is a depositional feature of rivers?
a) Natural levee ✅
b) Gorge
c) Cliff
d) Canyon
Explanation: Natural levees form when rivers deposit sediments along their banks.
94. Which landform is formed by volcanic eruptions creating cone-shaped mountains?
a) Stratovolcano ✅
b) Canyon
c) Plateau
d) Cliff
Explanation: Stratovolcanoes are cone-shaped mountains formed by alternating lava and ash layers.
95. Which desert is located in Pakistan?
a) Thar Desert ✅
b) Sahara
c) Gobi
d) Kalahari
Explanation: The Thar Desert extends into eastern Pakistan.
96. Which of the following is an erosional coastal feature?
a) Stack ✅
b) Beach
c) Spit
d) Lagoon
Explanation: Stacks are isolated rock pillars formed by wave erosion.
97. Which landform is formed by glacial erosion creating bowl-shaped hollows?
a) Cirque ✅
b) Moraine
c) Drumlin
d) Plateau
Explanation: Cirques are hollows carved by glaciers at mountain tops.
98. Which mountain range is located in Asia?
a) Himalayas ✅
b) Rockies
c) Andes
d) Alps
Explanation: The Himalayas are the tallest mountain range in the world.
99. Which of the following is a depositional feature of rivers?
a) Delta ✅
b) Gorge
c) Cliff
d) Canyon
Explanation: Deltas form when rivers deposit sediments at their mouths.
100. Which landform is formed by volcanic eruptions under the ocean?
a) Volcanic island ✅
b) Canyon
c) Plateau
d) Cliff
Explanation: Volcanic islands like Hawaii form from undersea eruptions.
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