Physics Inventions
(a) Galileo Galilei ✅
(b) Isaac Newton
(c) Johannes Kepler
(d) James Clerk Maxwell
Explanation: Galileo improved the design of the telescope in 1609, enabling astronomical discoveries.
Q2. The thermometer was invented by:
(a) Galileo Galilei ✅
(b) Lord Kelvin
(c) Blaise Pascal
(d) Robert Boyle
Explanation: Galileo created the first thermoscope, precursor to the modern thermometer.
Q3. The barometer was invented by:
(a) Evangelista Torricelli ✅
(b) Blaise Pascal
(c) Newton
(d) Faraday
Explanation: Torricelli invented the mercury barometer in 1643 to measure atmospheric pressure.
Q4. Who invented the pendulum clock?
(a) Christiaan Huygens ✅
(b) Galileo
(c) Newton
(d) Hooke
Explanation: Huygens invented the pendulum clock in 1656, improving time measurement accuracy.
Q5. The electric battery was invented by:
(a) Alessandro Volta ✅
(b) Michael Faraday
(c) Ampere
(d) Tesla
Explanation: Volta invented the voltaic pile in 1800, the first true battery.
Q6. Who discovered electromagnetic induction?
(a) Michael Faraday ✅
(b) James Clerk Maxwell
(c) Tesla
(d) Volta
Explanation: Faraday discovered induction in 1831, basis of electric generators.
Q7. The dynamo (electric generator) was invented by:
(a) Michael Faraday ✅
(b) Tesla
(c) Edison
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Faraday’s dynamo converted mechanical energy into electrical energy.
Q8. Who invented the transformer?
(a) William Stanley ✅
(b) Faraday
(c) Tesla
(d) Edison
Explanation: Stanley built the first practical transformer in 1885.
Q9. The electric bulb was invented by:
(a) Thomas Edison ✅
(b) Tesla
(c) Faraday
(d) Newton
Explanation: Edison perfected the incandescent bulb in 1879.
Q10. Who invented the radio?
(a) Guglielmo Marconi ✅
(b) Tesla
(c) Edison
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Marconi developed wireless telegraphy and is credited with inventing radio.
Q11. The X-rays were discovered by:
(a) Wilhelm Roentgen ✅
(b) Curie
(c) Faraday
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Roentgen discovered X-rays in 1895, revolutionizing medical imaging.
Q12. Who discovered radioactivity?
(a) Henri Becquerel ✅
(b) Marie Curie
(c) Rutherford
(d) Roentgen
Explanation: Becquerel discovered natural radioactivity in 1896.
Q13. The electron was discovered by:
(a) J.J. Thomson ✅
(b) Rutherford
(c) Bohr
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Thomson discovered the electron in 1897 using cathode ray experiments.
Q14. Who discovered the neutron?
(a) James Chadwick ✅
(b) Rutherford
(c) Bohr
(d) Thomson
Explanation: Chadwick discovered the neutron in 1932.
Q15. The proton was discovered by:
(a) Ernest Rutherford ✅
(b) Thomson
(c) Bohr
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Rutherford identified the proton in 1917.
Q16. The cyclotron was invented by:
(a) Ernest Lawrence ✅
(b) Rutherford
(c) Fermi
(d) Bohr
Explanation: Lawrence invented the cyclotron in 1930 for particle acceleration.
Q17. Who invented the transistor?
(a) Bardeen, Brattain, Shockley ✅
(b) Tesla
(c) Edison
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Invented in 1947, transistor revolutionized electronics.
Q18. The LASER was invented by:
(a) Theodore Maiman ✅
(b) Einstein
(c) Tesla
(d) Edison
Explanation: Maiman built the first working laser in 1960.
Q19. Who discovered the photoelectric effect?
(a) Albert Einstein ✅
(b) Planck
(c) Bohr
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Einstein explained the photoelectric effect in 1905, supporting quantum theory.
Q20. The law of gravitation was discovered by:
(a) Isaac Newton ✅
(b) Galileo
(c) Kepler
(d) Einstein
Explanation: Newton formulated universal gravitation in 1687.
Q21. Who discovered special relativity?
(a) Albert Einstein ✅
(b) Newton
(c) Maxwell
(d) Planck
Explanation: Einstein proposed special relativity in 1905.
Q22. General relativity was proposed by:
(a) Albert Einstein ✅
(b) Newton
(c) Maxwell
(d) Bohr
Explanation: Einstein’s general relativity (1915) explained gravity as spacetime curvature.
Q23. Who discovered the law of planetary motion?
(a) Johannes Kepler ✅
(b) Galileo
(c) Newton
(d) Copernicus
Explanation: Kepler’s laws described elliptical orbits of planets.
Q24. The cathode ray tube was invented by:
(a) Karl Ferdinand Braun ✅
(b) Thomson
(c) Edison
(d) Tesla
Explanation: Braun invented CRT in 1897, basis of early televisions.
Q25. Who discovered the nucleus of atom?
(a) Ernest Rutherford ✅
(b) Thomson
(c) Bohr
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Rutherford’s gold foil experiment (1911) revealed the nuclear structure of atom.
Q26. Who invented the electric motor?
(a) Michael Faraday ✅
(b) Tesla
(c) Edison
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Faraday built the first simple electric motor in 1821 using electromagnetic rotation.
Q27. The induction coil was invented by:
(a) Nicholas Callan ✅
(b) Faraday
(c) Tesla
(d) Edison
Explanation: Callan invented the induction coil in 1836, producing high-voltage pulses.
Q28. Who invented the electric telegraph?
(a) Samuel Morse ✅
(b) Tesla
(c) Edison
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Morse developed the telegraph and Morse code in the 1830s–40s.
Q29. The dynamo principle was discovered by:
(a) Michael Faraday ✅
(b) Tesla
(c) Edison
(d) Newton
Explanation: Faraday’s law of induction is the basis of dynamos and generators.
Q30. Who invented the induction motor?
(a) Nikola Tesla ✅
(b) Edison
(c) Faraday
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Tesla invented the AC induction motor in 1888.
Q31. The alternating current system was pioneered by:
(a) Nikola Tesla ✅
(b) Edison
(c) Faraday
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Tesla’s AC system became the standard for power transmission.
Q32. Who invented the electric lamp filament?
(a) Joseph Swan ✅
(b) Edison
(c) Tesla
(d) Faraday
Explanation: Swan developed a working carbon filament lamp before Edison’s improvements.
Q33. The phonograph was invented by:
(a) Thomas Edison ✅
(b) Tesla
(c) Faraday
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Edison invented the phonograph in 1877, recording and reproducing sound.
Q34. Who invented the telephone?
(a) Alexander Graham Bell ✅
(b) Edison
(c) Tesla
(d) Faraday
Explanation: Bell patented the telephone in 1876.
Q35. The microphone was invented by:
(a) Emile Berliner ✅
(b) Edison
(c) Tesla
(d) Faraday
Explanation: Berliner invented the carbon microphone in 1877.
Q36. Who invented the gramophone?
(a) Emile Berliner ✅
(b) Edison
(c) Tesla
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Berliner invented the gramophone in 1887, using flat discs.
Q37. The electric fan was invented by:
(a) Schuyler Wheeler ✅
(b) Edison
(c) Tesla
(d) Faraday
Explanation: Wheeler invented the electric fan in 1882.
Q38. Who invented fluorescent lamps?
(a) Edmund Germer ✅
(b) Edison
(c) Tesla
(d) Faraday
Explanation: Germer developed fluorescent lighting in 1926.
Q39. The vacuum tube was invented by:
(a) John Ambrose Fleming ✅
(b) Edison
(c) Tesla
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Fleming invented the diode vacuum tube in 1904.
Q40. Who invented the triode vacuum tube?
(a) Lee De Forest ✅
(b) Fleming
(c) Edison
(d) Tesla
Explanation: De Forest invented the triode in 1906, amplifying signals.
Q41. The cathode ray oscilloscope was invented by:
(a) Karl Ferdinand Braun ✅
(b) Edison
(c) Tesla
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Braun’s CRT oscilloscope allowed visualization of electrical signals.
Q42. Who invented the loudspeaker?
(a) Alexander Graham Bell ✅
(b) Edison
(c) Tesla
(d) Faraday
Explanation: Bell developed early loudspeakers for telephones.
Q43. The electric washing machine was invented by:
(a) Alva J. Fisher ✅
(b) Edison
(c) Tesla
(d) Faraday
Explanation: Fisher invented the first electric washing machine in 1908.
Q44. Who invented the electric iron?
(a) Henry W. Seeley ✅
(b) Edison
(c) Tesla
(d) Faraday
Explanation: Seeley patented the electric iron in 1882.
Q45. The electric toaster was invented by:
(a) Albert Marsh ✅
(b) Edison
(c) Tesla
(d) Faraday
Explanation: Marsh invented the toaster in 1906 using nichrome wire.
Q46. Who invented the electric refrigerator?
(a) Alfred Mellowes ✅
(b) Edison
(c) Tesla
(d) Faraday
Explanation: Mellowes built the first electric refrigerator in 1915.
Q47. The television was invented by:
(a) John Logie Baird ✅
(b) Edison
(c) Tesla
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Baird demonstrated the first working television in 1926.
Q48. Who invented radar?
(a) Robert Watson-Watt ✅
(b) Tesla
(c) Edison
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Watson-Watt developed radar in 1935 for detecting aircraft.
Q49. The transistor was invented by:
(a) Bardeen, Brattain, Shockley ✅
(b) Tesla
(c) Edison
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Invented in 1947, transistor revolutionized electronics.
Q50. Who invented the integrated circuit?
(a) Jack Kilby ✅
(b) Shockley
(c) Edison
(d) Tesla
Explanation: Kilby invented the integrated circuit in 1958, foundation of modern electronics.
Q51. Who discovered the quantum theory?
(a) Max Planck ✅
(b) Einstein
(c) Bohr
(d) Rutherford
Explanation: Planck introduced quantum theory in 1900, explaining blackbody radiation.
Q52. The photoelectric effect was explained by:
(a) Albert Einstein ✅
(b) Planck
(c) Bohr
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Einstein explained it in 1905, earning the Nobel Prize in 1921.
Q53. Who discovered the atomic nucleus?
(a) Ernest Rutherford ✅
(b) Thomson
(c) Bohr
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Rutherford’s gold foil experiment (1911) revealed the nucleus.
Q54. The Bohr model of atom was proposed by:
(a) Niels Bohr ✅
(b) Rutherford
(c) Planck
(d) Einstein
Explanation: Bohr’s model (1913) explained electron orbits and energy levels.
Q55. Who discovered isotopes?
(a) Frederick Soddy ✅
(b) Rutherford
(c) Bohr
(d) Thomson
Explanation: Soddy discovered isotopes in 1913, atoms of same element with different masses.
Q56. The positron was discovered by:
(a) Carl Anderson ✅
(b) Chadwick
(c) Bohr
(d) Thomson
Explanation: Anderson discovered positron in 1932 using cloud chamber.
Q57. Who discovered artificial radioactivity?
(a) Irène Curie and Frédéric Joliot ✅
(b) Rutherford
(c) Bohr
(d) Einstein
Explanation: They discovered artificial radioactivity in 1934.
Q58. The meson was discovered by:
(a) Hideki Yukawa ✅
(b) Fermi
(c) Bohr
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Yukawa predicted mesons as carriers of nuclear force, Nobel Prize 1949.
Q59. Who discovered nuclear fission?
(a) Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann ✅
(b) Fermi
(c) Bohr
(d) Curie
Explanation: Hahn and Strassmann discovered fission in 1938.
Q60. The neutrino was proposed by:
(a) Wolfgang Pauli ✅
(b) Fermi
(c) Bohr
(d) Einstein
Explanation: Pauli proposed neutrino in 1930 to explain beta decay.
Q61. Who discovered the muon?
(a) Carl Anderson and Seth Neddermeyer ✅
(b) Yukawa
(c) Fermi
(d) Bohr
Explanation: Muon discovered in 1936, initially thought to be Yukawa’s meson.
Q62. The quark model was proposed by:
(a) Murray Gell-Mann ✅
(b) Feynman
(c) Bohr
(d) Einstein
Explanation: Gell-Mann proposed quarks in 1964 as fundamental particles.
Q63. Who discovered the cosmic microwave background radiation?
(a) Penzias and Wilson ✅
(b) Hubble
(c) Einstein
(d) Bohr
Explanation: Discovered in 1965, evidence for Big Bang theory.
Q64. The Higgs boson was confirmed at:
(a) CERN (2012) ✅
(b) Fermilab
(c) Brookhaven
(d) SLAC
Explanation: Higgs boson discovery confirmed at Large Hadron Collider.
Q65. Who discovered superconductivity?
(a) Heike Kamerlingh Onnes ✅
(b) Fermi
(c) Bohr
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Onnes discovered superconductivity in 1911.
Q66. The transistor was invented in:
(a) 1947 ✅
(b) 1930
(c) 1958
(d) 1965
Explanation: Bardeen, Brattain, and Shockley invented transistor in 1947.
Q67. Who invented the integrated circuit?
(a) Jack Kilby ✅
(b) Shockley
(c) Tesla
(d) Edison
Explanation: Kilby invented IC in 1958, revolutionizing electronics.
Q68. The laser was invented by:
(a) Theodore Maiman ✅
(b) Einstein
(c) Tesla
(d) Edison
Explanation: Maiman built the first working laser in 1960.
Q69. Who discovered the electron diffraction phenomenon?
(a) Clinton Davisson and Lester Germer ✅
(b) Thomson
(c) Bohr
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Davisson-Germer experiment (1927) confirmed wave nature of electrons.
Q70. The neutron diffraction technique was developed by:
(a) Ernest O. Wollan and Clifford Shull ✅
(b) Chadwick
(c) Bohr
(d) Fermi
Explanation: Developed in 1940s, used to study crystal structures.
Q71. Who discovered the law of photoelectric emission experimentally?
(a) Heinrich Hertz ✅
(b) Einstein
(c) Planck
(d) Bohr
Explanation: Hertz observed photoelectric effect in 1887.
Q72. The scanning tunneling microscope was invented by:
(a) Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer ✅
(b) Feynman
(c) Bohr
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Invented in 1981, allows imaging at atomic scale.
Q73. Who discovered the Hall effect?
(a) Edwin Hall ✅
(b) Faraday
(c) Tesla
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Hall discovered in 1879, basis of Hall sensors.
Q74. The quantum Hall effect was discovered by:
(a) Klaus von Klitzing ✅
(b) Feynman
(c) Bohr
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Discovered in 1980, Nobel Prize in 1985.
Q75. Who discovered the Josephson effect?
(a) Brian Josephson ✅
(b) Feynman
(c) Bohr
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Josephson predicted tunneling of Cooper pairs in 1962.
Q76. Who discovered the neutron?
(a) James Chadwick ✅
(b) Rutherford
(c) Bohr
(d) Thomson
Explanation: Chadwick discovered the neutron in 1932, completing the basic atomic model.
Q77. The proton was identified by:
(a) Ernest Rutherford ✅
(b) Thomson
(c) Bohr
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Rutherford identified the proton in 1917 during hydrogen nucleus studies.
Q78. Who discovered nuclear fission?
(a) Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann ✅
(b) Fermi
(c) Bohr
(d) Curie
Explanation: Hahn and Strassmann discovered fission in 1938, splitting uranium nuclei.
Q79. The chain reaction was demonstrated by:
(a) Enrico Fermi ✅
(b) Rutherford
(c) Bohr
(d) Chadwick
Explanation: Fermi achieved the first controlled nuclear chain reaction in 1942.
Q80. Who discovered the positron?
(a) Carl Anderson ✅
(b) Chadwick
(c) Bohr
(d) Thomson
Explanation: Anderson discovered positron in 1932 using cloud chamber experiments.
Q81. The cyclotron was invented by:
(a) Ernest Lawrence ✅
(b) Rutherford
(c) Fermi
(d) Bohr
Explanation: Lawrence invented the cyclotron in 1930 for particle acceleration.
Q82. Who discovered the neutrino experimentally?
(a) Clyde Cowan and Frederick Reines ✅
(b) Pauli
(c) Fermi
(d) Bohr
Explanation: Neutrino detected in 1956, confirming Pauli’s 1930 proposal.
Q83. The synchrotron was invented by:
(a) Vladimir Veksler and Edwin McMillan ✅
(b) Lawrence
(c) Fermi
(d) Bohr
Explanation: Synchrotron accelerates particles using synchronized magnetic fields.
Q84. Who discovered the muon?
(a) Carl Anderson and Seth Neddermeyer ✅
(b) Yukawa
(c) Fermi
(d) Bohr
Explanation: Muon discovered in 1936, initially mistaken for Yukawa’s meson.
Q85. The pion was discovered by:
(a) Cecil Powell ✅
(b) Yukawa
(c) Fermi
(d) Bohr
Explanation: Powell discovered pion in 1947, confirming Yukawa’s theory of nuclear force.
Q86. Who discovered the kaon?
(a) Rochester and Butler ✅
(b) Fermi
(c) Bohr
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Kaon discovered in 1947 in cosmic ray experiments.
Q87. The quark model was proposed by:
(a) Murray Gell-Mann ✅
(b) Feynman
(c) Bohr
(d) Einstein
Explanation: Gell-Mann proposed quarks in 1964 as fundamental constituents of matter.
Q88. Who discovered the gluon experimentally?
(a) PETRA experiment at DESY ✅
(b) CERN
(c) Fermilab
(d) SLAC
Explanation: Gluon confirmed in 1979 at DESY accelerator.
Q89. The Higgs boson was confirmed at:
(a) CERN (2012) ✅
(b) Fermilab
(c) Brookhaven
(d) SLAC
Explanation: Higgs boson discovery confirmed at Large Hadron Collider.
Q90. Who discovered artificial radioactivity?
(a) Irène Curie and Frédéric Joliot ✅
(b) Rutherford
(c) Bohr
(d) Einstein
Explanation: Discovered in 1934, producing radioactive isotopes artificially.
Q91. The Geiger-Müller counter was invented by:
(a) Hans Geiger and Walther Müller ✅
(b) Curie
(c) Fermi
(d) Bohr
Explanation: Invented in 1928, detects ionizing radiation.
Q92. Who invented the bubble chamber?
(a) Donald Glaser ✅
(b) Fermi
(c) Bohr
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Glaser invented bubble chamber in 1952 for particle detection.
Q93. The cloud chamber was invented by:
(a) Charles Wilson ✅
(b) Rutherford
(c) Bohr
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Wilson invented cloud chamber in 1911, visualizing particle tracks.
Q94. Who invented the scintillation counter?
(a) Sir Samuel Curran ✅
(b) Fermi
(c) Bohr
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Curran invented scintillation counter in 1944 for radiation detection.
Q95. The Cherenkov radiation was discovered by:
(a) Pavel Cherenkov ✅
(b) Fermi
(c) Bohr
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Cherenkov discovered radiation in 1934, Nobel Prize 1958.
Q96. Who invented the particle accelerator linear design (LINAC)?
(a) Rolf Widerøe ✅
(b) Lawrence
(c) Fermi
(d) Bohr
Explanation: Widerøe built first linear accelerator in 1928.
Q97. The betatron was invented by:
(a) Donald Kerst ✅
(b) Lawrence
(c) Fermi
(d) Bohr
Explanation: Kerst invented betatron in 1940 to accelerate electrons.
Q98. Who discovered the neutrino oscillation?
(a) Super-Kamiokande experiment ✅
(b) CERN
(c) Fermilab
(d) SLAC
Explanation: Neutrino oscillation confirmed in 1998, showing neutrinos have mass.
Q99. The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) was inaugurated in:
(a) 2008 ✅
(b) 2000
(c) 2012
(d) 1995
Explanation: LHC at CERN began operation in 2008, world’s largest particle accelerator.
Q100. Who discovered the law of radioactive decay?
(a) Ernest Rutherford ✅
(b) Curie
(c) Bohr
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Rutherford formulated law of radioactive decay in 1902.
Q101. Who invented the vernier caliper?
(a) Pierre Vernier ✅
(b) Galileo
(c) Newton
(d) Hooke
Explanation: Vernier invented the vernier scale in 1631, improving measurement precision.
Q102. The micrometer screw gauge was invented by:
(a) William Gascoigne ✅
(b) Newton
(c) Hooke
(d) Faraday
Explanation: Gascoigne invented the micrometer in the 17th century for accurate measurements.
Q103. Who invented the spectrometer?
(a) Joseph von Fraunhofer ✅
(b) Newton
(c) Hooke
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Fraunhofer developed spectrometer in 1814, analyzing light spectra.
Q104. The galvanometer was invented by:
(a) Johann Schweigger ✅
(b) Faraday
(c) Tesla
(d) Edison
Explanation: Schweigger invented galvanometer in 1820 to measure electric current.
Q105. Who invented the ammeter?
(a) Edward Weston ✅
(b) Faraday
(c) Tesla
(d) Edison
Explanation: Weston developed the ammeter in the late 19th century.
Q106. The voltmeter was invented by:
(a) Edward Weston ✅
(b) Faraday
(c) Tesla
(d) Edison
Explanation: Weston also invented voltmeter to measure electrical potential difference.
Q107. Who invented the oscilloscope?
(a) Karl Ferdinand Braun ✅
(b) Edison
(c) Tesla
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Braun invented oscilloscope in 1897 to visualize electrical signals.
Q108. The spectrophotometer was invented by:
(a) Arnold Beckman ✅
(b) Fraunhofer
(c) Newton
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Beckman invented spectrophotometer in 1940 for chemical analysis.
Q109. Who invented the seismograph?
(a) Zhang Heng ✅
(b) Newton
(c) Hooke
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Zhang Heng invented the first seismograph in 132 CE in China.
Q110. The chronometer was invented by:
(a) John Harrison ✅
(b) Galileo
(c) Newton
(d) Hooke
Explanation: Harrison invented marine chronometer in 18th century for navigation.
Q111. Who invented the gyroscope?
(a) Léon Foucault ✅
(b) Newton
(c) Hooke
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Foucault invented gyroscope in 1852 to demonstrate Earth’s rotation.
Q112. The accelerometer was invented by:
(a) George Atwood (concept) ✅
(b) Newton
(c) Hooke
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Atwood’s machine (1784) laid foundation for accelerometer design.
Q113. Who invented the altimeter?
(a) Louis Paul Cailletet ✅
(b) Newton
(c) Hooke
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Cailletet developed altimeter in 19th century to measure altitude.
Q114. The hydrometer was invented by:
(a) Hypatia of Alexandria ✅
(b) Galileo
(c) Hooke
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Hypatia invented hydrometer in 4th century CE to measure liquid density.
Q115. Who invented the sphygmomanometer?
(a) Samuel Siegfried Karl Ritter von Basch ✅
(b) Newton
(c) Hooke
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Basch invented sphygmomanometer in 1881 to measure blood pressure.
Q116. The stethoscope was invented by:
(a) René Laennec ✅
(b) Newton
(c) Hooke
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Laennec invented stethoscope in 1816 for medical diagnosis.
Q117. Who invented the thermometer scale (Celsius)?
(a) Anders Celsius ✅
(b) Kelvin
(c) Fahrenheit
(d) Newton
Explanation: Celsius proposed centigrade scale in 1742.
Q118. The Fahrenheit scale was invented by:
(a) Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit ✅
(b) Celsius
(c) Kelvin
(d) Newton
Explanation: Fahrenheit invented his temperature scale in 1724.
Q119. Who invented the Kelvin scale?
(a) Lord Kelvin ✅
(b) Celsius
(c) Fahrenheit
(d) Newton
Explanation: Kelvin proposed absolute temperature scale in 1848.
Q120. The hygrometer was invented by:
(a) Leonardo da Vinci (concept) ✅
(b) Galileo
(c) Hooke
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Da Vinci designed hygrometer in 15th century to measure humidity.
Q121. Who invented the pyrometer?
(a) Josiah Wedgwood ✅
(b) Newton
(c) Hooke
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Wedgwood invented pyrometer in 1782 to measure high temperatures.
Q122. The calorimeter was invented by:
(a) Antoine Lavoisier and Pierre-Simon Laplace ✅
(b) Newton
(c) Hooke
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Invented in 1780s to measure heat in chemical reactions.
Q123. Who invented the manometer?
(a) Evangelista Torricelli ✅
(b) Pascal
(c) Newton
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Torricelli invented manometer to measure gas pressure.
Q124. The photometer was invented by:
(a) Pierre Bouguer ✅
(b) Newton
(c) Hooke
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Bouguer invented photometer in 18th century to measure light intensity.
Q125. Who invented the spectroscope?
(a) Gustav Kirchhoff and Robert Bunsen ✅
(b) Fraunhofer
(c) Newton
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Kirchhoff and Bunsen invented spectroscope in 1859, analyzing chemical spectra.
Q126. Who invented the telephone?
(a) Alexander Graham Bell ✅
(b) Edison
(c) Tesla
(d) Faraday
Explanation: Bell patented the telephone in 1876, revolutionizing communication.
Q127. The radio was invented by:
(a) Guglielmo Marconi ✅
(b) Tesla
(c) Edison
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Marconi developed wireless telegraphy in the 1890s.
Q128. Who invented the phonograph?
(a) Thomas Edison ✅
(b) Tesla
(c) Faraday
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Edison invented the phonograph in 1877, recording and reproducing sound.
Q129. The gramophone was invented by:
(a) Emile Berliner ✅
(b) Edison
(c) Tesla
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Berliner invented the gramophone in 1887 using flat discs.
Q130. Who invented television?
(a) John Logie Baird ✅
(b) Edison
(c) Tesla
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Baird demonstrated the first working television in 1926.
Q131. The radar was invented by:
(a) Robert Watson-Watt ✅
(b) Tesla
(c) Edison
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Watson-Watt developed radar in 1935 for aircraft detection.
Q132. Who invented the transistor?
(a) Bardeen, Brattain, Shockley ✅
(b) Tesla
(c) Edison
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Invented in 1947, transistor revolutionized electronics.
Q133. The integrated circuit was invented by:
(a) Jack Kilby ✅
(b) Shockley
(c) Edison
(d) Tesla
Explanation: Kilby invented IC in 1958, foundation of modern computing.
Q134. Who invented the microprocessor?
(a) Intel engineers (1971) ✅
(b) Kilby
(c) Shockley
(d) Tesla
Explanation: Intel 4004 was the first microprocessor, invented in 1971.
Q135. The laser was invented by:
(a) Theodore Maiman ✅
(b) Einstein
(c) Tesla
(d) Edison
Explanation: Maiman built the first working laser in 1960.
Q136. Who invented fiber optics communication?
(a) Narinder Singh Kapany ✅
(b) Tesla
(c) Edison
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Kapany pioneered fiber optics in the 1950s.
Q137. The holography technique was invented by:
(a) Dennis Gabor ✅
(b) Einstein
(c) Tesla
(d) Edison
Explanation: Gabor invented holography in 1947, Nobel Prize 1971.
Q138. Who invented the photovoltaic cell?
(a) Edmond Becquerel ✅
(b) Einstein
(c) Tesla
(d) Edison
Explanation: Becquerel discovered photovoltaic effect in 1839.
Q139. The scanning tunneling microscope was invented by:
(a) Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer ✅
(b) Feynman
(c) Bohr
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Invented in 1981, allows atomic-scale imaging.
Q140. Who invented the atomic force microscope?
(a) Binnig, Quate, Gerber ✅
(b) Feynman
(c) Bohr
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Invented in 1986, measures forces at atomic level.
Q141. The quantum computer concept was proposed by:
(a) Richard Feynman ✅
(b) Einstein
(c) Bohr
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Feynman proposed quantum computing in 1982.
Q142. Who invented the digital camera sensor (CCD)?
(a) Willard Boyle and George Smith ✅
(b) Edison
(c) Tesla
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: CCD invented in 1969, Nobel Prize 2009.
Q143. The GPS system was developed by:
(a) U.S. Department of Defense ✅
(b) Tesla
(c) Edison
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: GPS developed in 1970s, fully operational by 1990s.
Q144. Who invented the World Wide Web?
(a) Tim Berners-Lee ✅
(b) Gates
(c) Jobs
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Berners-Lee invented WWW in 1989.
Q145. The touchscreen technology was invented by:
(a) E.A. Johnson ✅
(b) Edison
(c) Tesla
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Johnson invented touchscreen in 1965.
Q146. Who invented Bluetooth technology?
(a) Jaap Haartsen ✅
(b) Berners-Lee
(c) Jobs
(d) Gates
Explanation: Haartsen developed Bluetooth in 1994.
Q147. The Wi-Fi technology was developed by:
(a) John O’Sullivan and CSIRO team ✅
(b) Gates
(c) Jobs
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Developed in 1990s, enabling wireless networking.
Q148. Who invented the MRI scanner?
(a) Raymond Damadian ✅
(b) Fermi
(c) Bohr
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Damadian invented MRI scanner in 1970s.
Q149. The PET scan was invented by:
(a) Michael Phelps ✅
(b) Fermi
(c) Bohr
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Phelps developed PET scan in 1970s for medical imaging.
Q150. Who is known as the father of India’s nuclear program?
(a) Homi J. Bhabha ✅
(b) C.V. Raman
(c) S.N. Bose
(d) Vikram Sarabhai
Explanation: Bhabha is regarded as the father of India’s nuclear program, often asked in JEE/NEET exams.
Q151. Which project achieved record-breaking fusion energy output in 2023?
(a) ITER
(b) JET ✅
(c) LHC
(d) Fermilab
Explanation: The Joint European Torus (JET) set a record for sustained fusion energy, advancing clean power research.
Q152. Who achieved net energy gain in nuclear fusion for the first time?
(a) Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory ✅
(b) CERN
(c) Fermilab
(d) MIT
Explanation: In 2022, LLNL’s National Ignition Facility achieved net energy gain via inertial confinement fusion.
Q153. Which discovery in 2023 advanced room-temperature superconductors?
(a) LK-99 compound ✅
(b) Graphene
(c) Silicon carbide
(d) Gallium nitride
Explanation: LK-99 was reported as a potential room-temperature superconductor, sparking global research interest.
Q154. The James Webb Space Telescope discovered the earliest black hole in:
(a) 2023 ✅
(b) 2015
(c) 2010
(d) 2000
Explanation: JWST confirmed a black hole from ~570 million years after the Big Bang.
Q155. Which experiment improved neutrino mass precision in 2023?
(a) KATRIN ✅
(b) Super-Kamiokande
(c) Fermilab
(d) LHC
Explanation: KATRIN experiment refined neutrino mass limits, critical for cosmology.
Q156. Who proposed a laboratory-scale warp drive concept in 2021–23?
(a) Harold White ✅
(b) Einstein
(c) Feynman
(d) Hawking
Explanation: White’s team suggested a physical model for a warp bubble, advancing propulsion physics.
Q157. Which record-breaking lightning megaflash was confirmed in 2022?
(a) 829 km in Brazil ✅
(b) 500 km in USA
(c) 300 km in India
(d) 200 km in Africa
Explanation: World Meteorological Organization confirmed a 829 km lightning flash, longest ever recorded.
Q158. Which breakthrough in 2023 advanced quantum computing stability?
(a) Error-corrected qubits ✅
(b) Superposition
(c) Entanglement
(d) Quantum tunneling
Explanation: Error-corrected qubits demonstrated scalable quantum computing potential.
Q159. Which telescope detected water vapor in an exoplanet atmosphere in 2023?
(a) James Webb Space Telescope ✅
(b) Hubble
(c) Spitzer
(d) Kepler
Explanation: JWST detected water vapor in WASP-96b, advancing exoplanet science.
Q160. Which discovery in 2024 confirmed gravitational waves from neutron star mergers?
(a) LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA collaboration ✅
(b) CERN
(c) Fermilab
(d) Super-Kamiokande
Explanation: The collaboration confirmed gravitational waves from neutron star mergers, expanding astrophysics knowledge.
Q161. Who invented the MRI scanner?
(a) Raymond Damadian ✅
(b) Fermi
(c) Bohr
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Damadian developed MRI in the 1970s, revolutionizing medical imaging.
Q162. The PET scan was invented by:
(a) Michael Phelps ✅
(b) Fermi
(c) Bohr
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Phelps developed PET scan in the 1970s for functional imaging.
Q163. Who pioneered fiber optics communication?
(a) Narinder Singh Kapany ✅
(b) Tesla
(c) Edison
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Kapany is known as the “Father of Fiber Optics,” 1950s.
Q164. The GPS system was developed by:
(a) U.S. Department of Defense ✅
(b) Tesla
(c) Edison
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: GPS was developed in the 1970s, fully operational by 1990s.
Q165. Who invented the CCD sensor for digital cameras?
(a) Willard Boyle and George Smith ✅
(b) Edison
(c) Tesla
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: CCD invented in 1969, Nobel Prize 2009.
Q166. The longest lightning megaflash recorded was:
(a) 829 km in Brazil ✅
(b) 500 km in USA
(c) 300 km in India
(d) 200 km in Africa
Explanation: WMO confirmed 829 km lightning flash in 2022, a world record.
Q167. Who invented holography?
(a) Dennis Gabor ✅
(b) Einstein
(c) Tesla
(d) Edison
Explanation: Gabor invented holography in 1947, Nobel Prize 1971.
Q168. The atomic force microscope was invented by:
(a) Binnig, Quate, Gerber ✅
(b) Feynman
(c) Bohr
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Invented in 1986, measures forces at atomic level.
Q169. Which telescope detected water vapor in an exoplanet atmosphere?
(a) James Webb Space Telescope ✅
(b) Hubble
(c) Spitzer
(d) Kepler
Explanation: JWST detected water vapor in WASP-96b in 2023.
Q170. Who is known as the father of India’s space program?
(a) Vikram Sarabhai ✅
(b) Homi Bhabha
(c) C.V. Raman
(d) S.N. Bose
Explanation: Sarabhai established ISRO and is regarded as the father of India’s space program.
Q171. Which Indian physicist won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930?
(a) C.V. Raman ✅
(b) Homi Bhabha
(c) S.N. Bose
(d) Vikram Sarabhai
Explanation: Raman won for his discovery of Raman Effect, often asked in JEE/NEET.
Q172. The Raman Effect is based on:
(a) Scattering of light ✅
(b) Reflection
(c) Refraction
(d) Diffraction
Explanation: Raman Effect explains inelastic scattering of photons.
Q173. Who discovered Bose-Einstein statistics?
(a) S.N. Bose and Albert Einstein ✅
(b) Planck
(c) Bohr
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Bose and Einstein developed statistics for bosons in 1924–25.
Q174. Which Indian scientist is known for cosmic ray research?
(a) Vikram Sarabhai
(b) Homi Bhabha
(c) Meghnad Saha ✅
(d) C.V. Raman
Explanation: Saha contributed to ionization theory and cosmic ray studies.
Q175. The discovery of gravitational waves was confirmed in:
(a) 2015 ✅
(b) 2005
(c) 1995
(d) 2020
Explanation: LIGO detected gravitational waves in 2015, Nobel Prize 2017.
Q176. Who developed the Chandrasekhar limit?
(a) Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar ✅
(b) Raman
(c) Bose
(d) Sarabhai
Explanation: Chandrasekhar calculated maximum mass of white dwarfs (~1.4 solar masses).
Q177. The discovery of Higgs boson was confirmed in:
(a) 2012 ✅
(b) 2005
(c) 1995
(d) 2020
Explanation: CERN’s LHC confirmed Higgs boson in 2012.
Q178. Which experiment detected neutrino oscillations in 1998?
(a) Super-Kamiokande ✅
(b) LHC
(c) Fermilab
(d) CERN
Explanation: Super-Kamiokande confirmed neutrino oscillations, proving neutrinos have mass.
Q179. The ITER project is focused on:
(a) Nuclear fusion ✅
(b) Nuclear fission
(c) Quantum computing
(d) Superconductivity
Explanation: ITER is an international project to build a fusion reactor.
Q180. Who is known as the father of India’s nuclear program?
(a) Homi J. Bhabha ✅
(b) C.V. Raman
(c) S.N. Bose
(d) Vikram Sarabhai
Explanation: Bhabha established India’s nuclear research institutions.
Q181. The Large Hadron Collider is located in:
(a) CERN, Switzerland ✅
(b) Fermilab, USA
(c) Tokyo, Japan
(d) Moscow, Russia
Explanation: LHC is the world’s largest particle accelerator at CERN.
Q182. Which Indian scientist contributed to quantum statistics?
(a) S.N. Bose ✅
(b) Raman
(c) Sarabhai
(d) Chandrasekhar
Explanation: Bose’s work on quantum statistics led to Bose-Einstein condensate theory.
Q183. The discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation was in:
(a) 1965 ✅
(b) 1950
(c) 1975
(d) 1985
Explanation: Penzias and Wilson discovered CMB, evidence for Big Bang.
Q184. Who discovered the law of radioactive decay?
(a) Ernest Rutherford ✅
(b) Curie
(c) Bohr
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Rutherford formulated decay law in 1902.
Q185. The first controlled nuclear chain reaction was achieved by:
(a) Enrico Fermi ✅
(b) Rutherford
(c) Bohr
(d) Chadwick
Explanation: Fermi achieved it in 1942 at Chicago Pile-1.
Q186. Which Indian scientist is known for space research leadership?
(a) Vikram Sarabhai ✅
(b) Homi Bhabha
(c) C.V. Raman
(d) S.N. Bose
Explanation: Sarabhai founded ISRO, father of India’s space program.
Q187. The discovery of superconductivity was made in:
(a) 1911 ✅
(b) 1920
(c) 1930
(d) 1940
Explanation: Kamerlingh Onnes discovered superconductivity in mercury.
Q188. Who discovered the electron?
(a) J.J. Thomson ✅
(b) Rutherford
(c) Bohr
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Thomson discovered electron in 1897.
Q189. The discovery of positron was made by:
(a) Carl Anderson ✅
(b) Chadwick
(c) Bohr
(d) Thomson
Explanation: Anderson discovered positron in 1932.
Q190. Which experiment confirmed wave nature of electrons?
(a) Davisson-Germer ✅
(b) Rutherford
(c) Bohr
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Davisson-Germer experiment (1927) confirmed electron diffraction.
Q191. The discovery of radioactivity was made by:
(a) Henri Becquerel ✅
(b) Curie
(c) Rutherford
(d) Roentgen
Explanation: Becquerel discovered radioactivity in 1896.
Q192. Who discovered X-rays?
(a) Wilhelm Roentgen ✅
(b) Curie
(c) Rutherford
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Roentgen discovered X-rays in 1895.
Q193. The discovery of neutron was made in:
(a) 1932 ✅
(b) 1920
(c) 1940
(d) 1950
Explanation: Chadwick discovered neutron in 1932.
Q194. Which Indian scientist discovered Raman scattering?
(a) C.V. Raman ✅
(b) Bose
(c) Sarabhai
(d) Chandrasekhar
Explanation: Raman discovered Raman scattering in 1928.
Q195. The discovery of meson was made by:
(a) Hideki Yukawa ✅
(b) Fermi
(c) Bohr
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Yukawa predicted mesons as nuclear force carriers.
Q196. Who discovered artificial radioactivity?
(a) Irène Curie and Frédéric Joliot ✅
(b) Rutherford
(c) Bohr
(d) Einstein
Explanation: Discovered in 1934, producing radioactive isotopes artificially.
Q197. The discovery of cosmic rays was made by:
(a) Victor Hess ✅
(b) Rutherford
(c) Bohr
(d) Maxwell
Explanation: Hess discovered cosmic rays in 1912.
Q198. Who discovered the law of planetary motion?
(a) Johannes Kepler ✅
(b) Galileo
(c) Newton
(d) Copernicus
Explanation: Kepler’s laws described elliptical orbits of planets.
Q199. The discovery of special relativity was made by:
(a) Albert Einstein ✅
(b) Newton
(c) Maxwell
(d) Planck
Explanation: Einstein proposed special relativity in 1905.
Q200. The discovery of general relativity was made by:
(a) Albert Einstein ✅
(b) Newton
(c) Maxwell
(d) Bohr
Explanation: Einstein proposed general relativity in 1915, explaining gravity as spacetime curvature.
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