300 MCQs on Environment and Environmental Problems
Chapter 2: Environment and Environmental Problems.
Q1. Environment refers to:
A) Only natural resources
B) Conditions around organisms ✅
C) Human-made structures
D) Climate only
Q2. Which of the following are biotic elements?
A) Soil and water
B) Rocks and minerals
C) Plants and animals ✅
D) Air and sunlight
Q3. Which of the following are abiotic elements?
A) Crops and livestock
B) Soil, water, air ✅
C) Birds and insects
D) Microbes
Q4. The four major spheres of the earth are:
A) Lithosphere, Hydrosphere, Atmosphere, Biosphere ✅
B) Land, Water, Forest, Climate
C) Soil, Plants, Animals, Minerals
D) Hills, Plains, Rivers, Oceans
Q5. Lithosphere is composed of:
A) Rocks, soils, minerals ✅
B) Air and gases
C) Plants and animals
D) Oceans and seas
Q6. Hydrosphere covers about:
A) 50% of earth’s surface
B) 71% of earth’s surface ✅
C) 25% of earth’s surface
D) 90% of earth’s surface
Q7. Atmosphere extends up to:
A) 1000 km
B) 5000 km
C) 10000 km ✅
D) 20000 km
Q8. Biosphere includes:
A) Only land
B) Only oceans
C) All regions where life exists ✅
D) Only atmosphere
Q9. Which geographer defined environment as interaction among land, water, air and life?
A) George Chisholm
B) Peter Haggett ✅
C) Zimmermann
D) Julian Huxley
Q10. The environment is an outcome of:
A) Human activities only
B) Interaction among spheres ✅
C) Climate change only
D) Population growth only
Q11. Which sphere includes mountains, hills, plateaus, plains?
A) Hydrosphere
B) Lithosphere ✅
C) Atmosphere
D) Biosphere
Q12. Which sphere includes rivers, lakes, oceans?
A) Lithosphere
B) Hydrosphere ✅
C) Atmosphere
D) Biosphere
Q13. Which sphere includes gases like Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon dioxide?
A) Atmosphere ✅
B) Lithosphere
C) Hydrosphere
D) Biosphere
Q14. Which sphere includes plants, animals, microbes, humans?
A) Biosphere ✅
B) Lithosphere
C) Atmosphere
D) Hydrosphere
Q15. The biosphere contains about how many identified species?
A) 1.75 million ✅
B) 2.5 million
C) 5 million
D) 10 million
Q16. Human beings belong to which species?
A) Homo erectus
B) Homo sapiens ✅
C) Homo habilis
D) Homo neanderthalensis
Q17. Which of the following is NOT an abiotic element?
A) Soil
B) Water
C) Air
D) Crops ✅
Q18. Which of the following is NOT a biotic element?
A) Plants
B) Animals
C) Rocks ✅
D) Microbes
Q19. The lithosphere’s changes depend on:
A) Only human activities
B) Other spheres ✅
C) Climate alone
D) Population growth
Q20. The hydrosphere’s status depends on:
A) Lithosphere, atmosphere, biosphere ✅
B) Only rainfall
C) Human settlements
D) Forest cover
Q21. The atmosphere is mainly composed of:
A) Oxygen and Nitrogen ✅
B) Water and soil
C) Plants and animals
D) Rocks and minerals
Q22. The biosphere includes:
A) Earth’s surface, oceans, lower atmosphere ✅
B) Only forests
C) Only deserts
D) Only mountains
Q23. Regional variation in environment is due to:
A) Uniform climate
B) Differences in land, water, vegetation ✅
C) Same soil everywhere
D) Equal rainfall everywhere
Q24. Environment near equator differs from:
A) Polar regions ✅
B) Coastal areas
C) River valleys
D) Plains
Q25. Desert environment differs from:
A) River valley environment ✅
B) Polar environment
C) Coastal environment
D) Mountain environment
Q26. Coastal environment differs from:
A) River valley environment ✅
B) Desert environment
C) Polar environment
D) Mountain environment
Q27. Environment changes occur in:
A) Space only
B) Time only
C) Both space and time ✅
D) Neither space nor time
Q28. The environment of Brahmaputra valley 100 years ago was:
A) Same as today
B) Different ✅
C) More polluted
D) Industrialized
Q29. Factors responsible for rapid environmental change include:
A) Population growth ✅
B) Stable climate
C) Lack of technology
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q30. Shrinkage of forest cover impacts:
A) Only lithosphere
B) Biosphere and atmosphere ✅
C) Only hydrosphere
D) Only population
Q31. Environmental change occurs due to:
A) Balanced ecosystem
B) Population growth, industrialization ✅
C) Stable climate
D) Uniform rainfall
Q32. Which factor is NOT responsible for environmental change?
A) Urbanization
B) Expansion of transport
C) Shrinkage of forest cover
D) Balanced atmosphere ✅
Q33. The environment of equatorial regions differs from:
A) Polar regions ✅
B) Coastal areas
C) River valleys
D) Plains
Q34. Which of the following is a regional environmental variation?
A) Desert vs river valley ✅
B) Same rainfall everywhere
C) Uniform vegetation
D) Equal soil fertility
Q35. The environment of Brahmaputra valley 100 years ago was:
A) Same as today
B) Different ✅
C) Industrialized
D) More polluted
Q36. Which factor has negative impact on biosphere and atmosphere?
A) Shrinkage of forest cover ✅
B) Balanced rainfall
C) Population stability
D) Uniform soil fertility
Q37. Expansion of human settlements leads to:
A) Environmental stability
B) Environmental change ✅
C) Balanced ecosystem
D) No impact
Q38. Industrialization affects environment by:
A) Increasing pollution ✅
B) Reducing population
C) Increasing rainfall
D) Stabilizing climate
Q39. Urbanization contributes to:
A) Environmental balance
B) Environmental change ✅
C) Soil fertility
D) Forest growth
Q40. Expansion of transport and communication leads to:
A) Environmental change ✅
B) Environmental stability
C) Balanced biosphere
D) Uniform rainfall
Q41. Which of the following is a local environmental change?
A) Bank erosion in a locality ✅
B) Global warming
C) Desertification
D) Sea level rise
Q42. Which of the following is a regional environmental change?
A) Flood problem in Brahmaputra valley ✅
B) Acid rain in Europe
C) Global warming
D) Rise of sea level
Q43. Which of the following is a global environmental change?
A) Global warming ✅
B) Bank erosion
C) Soil erosion in a village
D) Local pollution
Q44. Which of the following is NOT a cause of environmental change?
A) Industrialization
B) Urbanization
C) Population growth
D) Balanced ecosystem ✅
Q45. Which of the following is a man-made cause of environmental change?
A) Volcanic eruption
B) Expansion of agriculture ✅
C) Earthquake
D) Cyclone
Q46. Which of the following is a natural cause of environmental change?
A) Volcanic eruption ✅
B) Industrialization
C) Urbanization
D) Transport expansion
Q47. Which of the following is an example of environmental degradation?
A) Deforestation ✅
B) Afforestation
C) Soil conservation
D) Recycling
Q48. Which of the following is a direct impact of deforestation?
A) Soil erosion ✅
B) Soil fertility increase
C) Balanced rainfall
D) Biodiversity growth
Q49. Which of the following is a direct impact of fossil fuel use?
A) Increase in CO₂ ✅
B) Increase in rainfall
C) Decrease in temperature
D) Forest growth
Q50. Which of the following is a direct impact of population growth?
A) Pressure on resources ✅
B) Balanced ecosystem
C) Soil fertility increase
D) Forest growth
Q51. Which of the following is a direct impact of industrialization?
A) Pollution ✅
B) Soil fertility increase
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q52. Which of the following is a direct impact of urbanization?
A) Environmental pollution ✅
B) Soil fertility increase
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q53. Which of the following is a direct impact of transport expansion?
A) Environmental change ✅
B) Soil fertility increase
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q54. Which of the following is a direct impact of communication expansion?
A) Environmental change ✅
B) Soil fertility increase
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q55. Which of the following is a direct impact of shrinkage of wetlands?
A) Negative impact on biosphere ✅
B) Soil fertility increase
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q56. Which of the following is a direct impact of shrinkage of forest cover?
A) Negative impact on atmosphere ✅
B) Soil fertility increase
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q57. Which of the following is a direct impact of human activities in deserts?
A) Rapid environmental change ✅
B) Soil fertility increase
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q58. Which of the following is a direct impact of human activities in mountains?
A) Rapid environmental change ✅
B) Soil fertility increase
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q59. Which of the following is a direct impact of human activities in river valleys?
A) Rapid environmental change ✅
B) Soil fertility increase
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q60. Which of the following is a direct impact of human activities in coastal areas?
A) Rapid environmental change ✅
B) Soil fertility increase
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q61. Environmental problems occur when:
A) Balance among elements is disturbed ✅
B) Population is stable
C) Climate is uniform
D) Forest cover increases
Q62. At the beginning of human civilization, pollution problems were:
A) Severe
B) Absent ✅
C) Same as today
D) Industrial
Q63. Which natural phenomena created problems but not like today?
A) Earthquake, volcanic eruption, cyclones ✅
B) Industrialization
C) Urbanization
D) Transport expansion
Q64. Environmental problems are linked with:
A) Economy
B) Environment ✅
C) Politics
D) Culture
Q65. Which gas normally maintains temperature balance?
A) Carbon dioxide ✅
B) Oxygen
C) Nitrogen
D) Argon
Q66. Normal CO₂ content in atmosphere is:
A) 0.035% ✅
B) 0.5%
C) 1%
D) 5%
Q67. Increase in CO₂ leads to:
A) Global warming ✅
B) Soil fertility
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q68. Fossil fuel use increases:
A) CO₂ content ✅
B) Oxygen content
C) Nitrogen content
D) Argon content
Q69. Deforestation accelerates:
A) Soil erosion ✅
B) Soil fertility
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q70. Environmental problems can be divided into:
A) Local, regional, global ✅
B) Natural, man-made
C) Biotic, abiotic
D) Renewable, non-renewable
Q71. Which is a local environmental problem?
A) Bank erosion in a locality ✅
B) Global warming
C) Desertification
D) Sea level rise
Q72. Which is a regional environmental problem?
A) Flood problem in Brahmaputra valley ✅
B) Global warming
C) Acid rain worldwide
D) Sea level rise
Q73. Which is a global environmental problem?
A) Global warming ✅
B) Bank erosion
C) Soil erosion in a village
D) Local pollution
Q74. Which of the following is NOT a local problem?
A) Land pollution by small industry
B) Water scarcity in winter
C) Global warming ✅
D) Bank erosion
Q75. Which of the following is NOT a regional problem?
A) Flood in Brahmaputra valley
B) Water pollution in industrial region
C) Soil erosion in river basin
D) Global warming ✅
Q76. Which of the following is NOT a global problem?
A) Global warming
B) Sea level rise
C) Bank erosion ✅
D) Melting of polar ice
Q77. Local problems are confined to:
A) Small areas ✅
B) Whole world
C) Entire continents
D) Oceans
Q78. Regional problems may cover:
A) One or more countries ✅
B) Whole world
C) Only villages
D) Oceans
Q79. Global problems have:
A) No geographical boundary ✅
B) Limited spread
C) Local impact only
D) Regional impact only
Q80. Which of the following is a pollutant?
A) Zinc, Sulphur dioxide, Carbon monoxide ✅
B) Oxygen, Nitrogen
C) Water, Soil
D) Plants, Animals
Q81. Pollution means:
A) Contamination of environment by harmful substances ✅
B) Balanced ecosystem
C) Increase in rainfall
D) Forest growth
Q82. Land pollution occurs when:
A) Soil comes in contact with chemicals, wastes ✅
B) Forest cover increases
C) Soil fertility improves
D) Rainfall increases
Q83. Which of the following causes land pollution?
A) Chemical fertilizers, insecticides ✅
B) Afforestation
C) Soil conservation
D) Recycling
Q84. Industrial wastes cause:
A) Land pollution ✅
B) Soil fertility increase
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q85. Remains of coal and petroleum pollute:
A) Land ✅
B) Air
C) Water
D) Forest
Q86. Air pollution occurs when:
A) Balance of gases is disturbed ✅
B) Oxygen increases
C) Nitrogen increases
D) Argon increases
Q87. Natural cause of air pollution is:
A) Volcanic eruption ✅
B) Industrialization
C) Urbanization
D) Transport expansion
Q88. Example of volcanic eruption causing pollution:
A) Mount Pinatubo, Philippines ✅
B) Mount Everest
C) Mount Kilimanjaro
D) Mount Fuji
Q89. Human cause of air pollution is:
A) Industrialization ✅
B) Volcanic eruption
C) Earthquake
D) Cyclone
Q90. Fossil fuel use adds:
A) CO, NO₂, HC, SO₂ ✅
B) Oxygen, Nitrogen
C) Argon, Helium
D) Water vapour only
Q91. Acid rain occurs due to:
A) SO₂ and NO₂ concentration ✅
B) Oxygen increase
C) Nitrogen increase
D) Argon increase
Q92. Acid rain destroys:
A) Forests and pollutes water ✅
B) Soil fertility
C) Crops only
D) Air balance only
Q93. Water pollution occurs when:
A) Quality of water changes due to pollutants ✅
B) Rainfall increases
C) Forest cover increases
D) Soil fertility increases
Q94. Polluted water harms:
A) Plants and animals ✅
B) Soil fertility
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q95. Industrial and urban wastes pollute:
A) Rivers ✅
B) Forests
C) Mountains
D) Deserts
Q96. Example of polluted river in India:
A) Ganga ✅
B) Brahmaputra
C) Yamuna
D) Godavari
Q97. Example of polluted river in China:
A) Yangtze ✅
B) Yellow
C) Mekong
D) Pearl
Q98. Example of polluted river in Assam:
A) Bharalu ✅
B) Subansiri
C) Dikhou
D) Dhansiri
Q99. Acid rain pollutes:
A) Water bodies ✅
B) Soil fertility
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q100. Ocean water pollution occurs due to:
A) Dumping of wastes, oil ship accidents ✅
B) Forest growth
C) Soil fertility increase
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q101. Water pollution affects:
A) Human health and soil fertility ✅
B) Forest growth
C) Balanced ecosystem
D) Rainfall
Q102. Desertification means:
A) Spread of deserts ✅
B) Forest growth
C) Soil fertility increase
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q103. Desertification converts:
A) Fertile areas into deserts ✅
B) Deserts into forests
C) Oceans into land
D) Mountains into plains
Q104. Meeting on desertification was held at:
A) Nairobi, 1977 ✅
B) New York, 1980
C) Geneva, 1975
D) Paris, 1982
Q105. Definition of desertification was given as:
A) Diminution of biological potential of land ✅
B) Increase of soil fertility
C) Growth of forests
D) Expansion of oceans
Q106. Presently, desertification affects:
A) 35% of world’s land surface ✅
B) 10% of world’s land surface
C) 50% of world’s land surface
D) 70% of world’s land surface
Q107. Natural cause of desertification is:
A) Drought ✅
B) Industrialization
C) Urbanization
D) Transport expansion
Q108. Dangerous factor for desertification is:
A) Global warming ✅
B) Soil fertility
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q109. Human cause of desertification is:
A) Overgrazing ✅
B) Volcanic eruption
C) Earthquake
D) Cyclone
Q110. Expansion of agriculture leads to:
A) Desertification ✅
B) Soil fertility increase
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q111. Deforestation leads to:
A) Desertification ✅
B) Soil fertility increase
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q112. Dry areas of how many countries face desertification?
A) 100 ✅
B) 50
C) 150
D) 200
Q113. Severely affected continent by desertification:
A) North America ✅
B) Asia
C) Africa
D) Australia
Q114. Percentage of dry areas affected in North America:
A) 27% ✅
B) 22%
C) 20%
D) 18%
Q115. Percentage of dry areas affected in South America:
A) 22% ✅
B) 27%
C) 20%
D) 18%
Q116. Percentage of dry areas affected in Asia:
A) 20% ✅
B) 22%
C) 27%
D) 18%
Q117. Percentage of dry areas affected in Africa:
A) 18% ✅
B) 20%
C) 22%
D) 27%
Q118. Percentage of dry areas affected in Australia by desertification:
A) 8% ✅
B) 18%
C) 20%
D) 22%
Q119. Which region of India is under the impact of desertification?
A) North-Western India ✅
B) North-Eastern India
C) Coastal India
D) Himalayan region
Q120. Solution of desertification requires:
A) International cooperation ✅
B) Local farming only
C) More deforestation
D) Ignoring global warming
Q121. Pollution is defined as:
A) Balance of environment
B) Contamination by harmful substances ✅
C) Increase in rainfall
D) Forest growth
Q122. Substances that cause pollution are called:
A) Nutrients
B) Pollutants ✅
C) Fertilizers
D) Minerals
Q123. Which of the following is a pollutant?
A) Zinc, Sulphur dioxide, Carbon monoxide ✅
B) Oxygen, Nitrogen
C) Water, Soil
D) Plants, Animals
Q124. Land pollution occurs when:
A) Soil comes in contact with chemicals, wastes ✅
B) Forest cover increases
C) Soil fertility improves
D) Rainfall increases
Q125. Modern farming practice causes land pollution by:
A) Chemical fertilizers, insecticides ✅
B) Afforestation
C) Soil conservation
D) Recycling
Q126. Industrial wastes cause:
A) Land pollution ✅
B) Soil fertility increase
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q127. Radioactive substances cause:
A) Land pollution ✅
B) Soil fertility increase
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q128. Acid rain causes:
A) Land pollution ✅
B) Soil fertility increase
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q129. Remains of coal and petroleum pollute:
A) Land ✅
B) Air
C) Water
D) Forest
Q130. Land pollution is widespread due to:
A) Human factors ✅
B) Balanced ecosystem
C) Forest growth
D) Soil fertility
Q131. Air pollution occurs when:
A) Balance of gases is disturbed ✅
B) Oxygen increases
C) Nitrogen increases
D) Argon increases
Q132. Natural cause of air pollution is:
A) Volcanic eruption ✅
B) Industrialization
C) Urbanization
D) Transport expansion
Q133. Example of volcanic eruption causing pollution:
A) Mount Pinatubo, Philippines ✅
B) Mount Everest
C) Mount Kilimanjaro
D) Mount Fuji
Q134. Volcanic eruption of Mount Pinatubo emitted:
A) 15–20 million tonnes of SO₂ ✅
B) 1 million tonnes of CO₂
C) 5 million tonnes of NO₂
D) 10 million tonnes of HC
Q135. Forest fire contributes to:
A) Air pollution ✅
B) Soil fertility
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q136. Human cause of air pollution is:
A) Industrialization ✅
B) Volcanic eruption
C) Earthquake
D) Cyclone
Q137. Atmosphere started getting polluted after:
A) Industrial revolution ✅
B) Agricultural revolution
C) Green revolution
D) Population growth
Q138. Fossil fuel use adds:
A) CO, NO₂, HC, SO₂ ✅
B) Oxygen, Nitrogen
C) Argon, Helium
D) Water vapour only
Q139. Vehicular traffic contributes to:
A) Air pollution ✅
B) Soil fertility
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q140. Nuclear explosions contribute to:
A) Air pollution ✅
B) Soil fertility
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q141. Acid rain occurs due to:
A) SO₂ and NO₂ concentration ✅
B) Oxygen increase
C) Nitrogen increase
D) Argon increase
Q142. Acid rain destroys:
A) Forests and pollutes water ✅
B) Soil fertility
C) Crops only
D) Air balance only
Q143. Acid rain is serious in:
A) West Europe, USA, Eastern Canada ✅
B) Africa
C) South America
D) Australia
Q144. Water pollution occurs when:
A) Quality of water changes due to pollutants ✅
B) Rainfall increases
C) Forest cover increases
D) Soil fertility increases
Q145. Polluted water harms:
A) Plants and animals ✅
B) Soil fertility
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q146. Industrial and urban wastes pollute:
A) Rivers ✅
B) Forests
C) Mountains
D) Deserts
Q147. Example of polluted river in India:
A) Ganga ✅
B) Brahmaputra
C) Yamuna
D) Godavari
Q148. Example of polluted river in China:
A) Yangtze ✅
B) Yellow
C) Mekong
D) Pearl
Q149. Example of polluted river in Assam:
A) Bharalu ✅
B) Subansiri
C) Dikhou
D) Dhansiri
Q150. Cleaning polluted rivers is:
A) A great challenge ✅
B) Easy
C) Not needed
D) Natural process
Q151. Acid rain pollutes:
A) Water bodies ✅
B) Soil fertility
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q152. Aquatic species may be extinct due to:
A) Acid content increase ✅
B) Soil fertility
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q153. Ocean water pollution occurs due to:
A) Dumping of wastes, oil ship accidents ✅
B) Forest growth
C) Soil fertility increase
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q154. Water pollution affects:
A) Human health and soil fertility ✅
B) Forest growth
C) Balanced ecosystem
D) Rainfall
Q155. Land pollution is mainly caused by:
A) Modern farming, industries, deforestation ✅
B) Afforestation
C) Soil conservation
D) Recycling
Q156. Air pollution is mainly caused by:
A) Industries, vehicles, fossil fuels ✅
B) Afforestation
C) Soil conservation
D) Recycling
Q157. Water pollution is mainly caused by:
A) Industrial and urban wastes ✅
B) Afforestation
C) Soil conservation
D) Recycling
Q158. Acid rain occurs when:
A) SO₂ and NO₂ mix with rainwater ✅
B) Oxygen increases
C) Nitrogen increases
D) Argon increases
Q159. Acid rain destroys:
A) Forests, wetlands ✅
B) Soil fertility
C) Crops only
D) Air balance only
Q160. Volcanic eruption adds:
A) Smoke, ashes, gases ✅
B) Soil fertility
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q161. Mount Pinatubo eruption occurred in:
A) 1991 ✅
B) 1981
C) 2001
D) 1971
Q162. Acid rain problem is serious in:
A) Industrially advanced areas ✅
B) Rural areas
C) Forest areas
D) Desert areas
Q163. Water pollution occurs when:
A) Wastes mix with water ✅
B) Rainfall increases
C) Forest cover increases
D) Soil fertility increases
Q164. Polluted water is:
A) Unusable ✅
B) Fertile
C) Balanced
D) Pure
Q165. Polluted rivers in USA are mainly due to:
A) Agriculture ✅
B) Forest growth
C) Soil fertility
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q166. Percentage of USA rivers polluted by agriculture:
A) 55% ✅
B) 16%
C) 13%
D) 22%
Q167. Percentage of USA rivers polluted by cities:
A) 16% ✅
B) 55%
C) 13%
D) 22%
Q168. Percentage of USA rivers polluted by mining:
A) 13% ✅
B) 55%
C) 16%
D) 22%
Q169. Percentage of USA rivers polluted by housing development:
A) 13% ✅
B) 55%
C) 16%
D) 22%
Q170. Yangtze river is polluted by:
A) 22 towns and 300 industries ✅
B) 10 towns only
C) 5 villages
D) Forest growth
Q171. Bharalu river pollution is due to:
A) Urban and industrial wastes ✅
B) Forest growth
C) Soil fertility
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q172. Acid rain increases:
A) Acid content in water ✅
B) Soil fertility
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q173. Ocean water pollution affects:
A) Human health, aquatic life ✅
B) Soil fertility
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q174. Land pollution affects:
A) Soil fertility, microbes ✅
B) Forest growth
C) Balanced ecosystem
D) Rainfall
Q175. Air pollution affects:
A) Atmosphere balance ✅
B) Soil fertility
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q176. Water pollution affects:
A) Aquatic plants and animals ✅
B) Soil fertility
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q177. Pollution is a major:
A) Environmental problem ✅
B) Soil fertility
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q178. Pollution types include:
A) Land, air, water ✅
B) Soil, forest, rainfall
C) Crops, livestock, minerals
D) Mountains, rivers, deserts
Q179. Pollution is caused mainly by:
A) Human activities ✅
B) Balanced ecosystem
C) Forest growth
D) Soil fertility
Q180. Pollution is considered:
A) A major environmental problem ✅
B) A minor issue
C) A natural balance
D) A renewable resource
Q181. Desertification means:
A) Spread of deserts ✅
B) Forest growth
C) Soil fertility increase
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q182. Desertification converts:
A) Fertile areas into deserts ✅
B) Deserts into forests
C) Oceans into land
D) Mountains into plains
Q183. Desertification is different from:
A) Natural desert ✅
B) Soil erosion
C) Global warming
D) Pollution
Q184. Desertification denotes:
A) Spread of deserts to peripheral areas ✅
B) Forest growth
C) Soil fertility increase
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q185. Example of desertification impact in Africa:
A) Sahara became dry in 1970s ✅
B) Amazon forest growth
C) Polar ice melting
D) River flooding
Q186. Meeting on desertification was held at:
A) Nairobi, 1977 ✅
B) New York, 1980
C) Geneva, 1975
D) Paris, 1982
Q187. Desertification was defined as:
A) Diminution of biological potential of land ✅
B) Increase of soil fertility
C) Growth of forests
D) Expansion of oceans
Q188. Desertification reduces:
A) Land productivity ✅
B) Soil fertility increase
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q189. Desertification causes:
A) Expansion of deserts ✅
B) Forest growth
C) Soil fertility increase
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q190. Presently, desertification affects:
A) 35% of world’s land surface ✅
B) 10% of world’s land surface
C) 50% of world’s land surface
D) 70% of world’s land surface
Q191. Natural cause of desertification is:
A) Drought ✅
B) Industrialization
C) Urbanization
D) Transport expansion
Q192. Dangerous factor for desertification is:
A) Global warming ✅
B) Soil fertility
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q193. Human cause of desertification is:
A) Overgrazing ✅
B) Volcanic eruption
C) Earthquake
D) Cyclone
Q194. Expansion of agriculture leads to:
A) Desertification ✅
B) Soil fertility increase
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q195. Deforestation leads to:
A) Desertification ✅
B) Soil fertility increase
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q196. Rapid population growth increases:
A) Pressure on dry regions ✅
B) Soil fertility
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q197. Dry areas of how many countries face desertification?
A) 100 ✅
B) 50
C) 150
D) 200
Q198. Severely affected continent by desertification:
A) North America ✅
B) Asia
C) Africa
D) Australia
Q199. Percentage of dry areas affected in North America:
A) 27% ✅
B) 22%
C) 20%
D) 18%
Q200. Percentage of dry areas affected in South America:
A) 22% ✅
B) 27%
C) 20%
D) 18%
Q201. Percentage of dry areas affected in Asia:
A) 20% ✅
B) 22%
C) 27%
D) 18%
Q202. Percentage of dry areas affected in Africa:
A) 18% ✅
B) 20%
C) 22%
D) 27%
Q203. Percentage of dry areas affected in Australia:
A) 8% ✅
B) 18%
C) 20%
D) 22%
Q204. Region of India under desertification impact:
A) North-Western India ✅
B) North-Eastern India
C) Coastal India
D) Himalayan region
Q205. Desertification is linked with:
A) Global warming ✅
B) Soil fertility
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q206. Desertification has acquired:
A) Complicated dimension ✅
B) Simple solution
C) No importance
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q207. Desertification problem will intensify if:
A) Human activities go against nature ✅
B) Forest growth increases
C) Soil fertility improves
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q208. Solution of desertification requires:
A) International cooperation ✅
B) Local farming only
C) More deforestation
D) Ignoring global warming
Q209. Desertification is a:
A) Global problem ✅
B) Local problem
C) Regional problem
D) No problem
Q210. Desertification reduces:
A) Biological potential of land ✅
B) Soil fertility increase
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q211. Desertification spreads:
A) Deserts to neighbouring lands ✅
B) Forests to deserts
C) Oceans to land
D) Mountains to plains
Q212. Desertification affects:
A) Productivity of land ✅
B) Soil fertility increase
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q213. Desertification is accelerated by:
A) Drought and global warming ✅
B) Soil fertility
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q214. Desertification is worsened by:
A) Overgrazing, deforestation ✅
B) Soil fertility
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q215. Desertification is a challenge for:
A) People of the world ✅
B) Only farmers
C) Only scientists
D) Only politicians
Q216. Desertification affects:
A) Dry areas of continents ✅
B) Oceans
C) Polar regions
D) Forests only
Q217. Desertification is measured by:
A) Percentage of dry areas affected ✅
B) Rainfall
C) Soil fertility
D) Forest growth
Q218. Desertification leads to:
A) Desert-like conditions ✅
B) Forest growth
C) Soil fertility increase
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q219. Desertification is a result of:
A) Natural and human factors ✅
B) Only natural factors
C) Only human factors
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q220. Desertification solution requires:
A) Steps to reduce desertification ✅
B) More deforestation
C) Ignoring global warming
D) Soil fertility increase
Q221. Global warming refers to:
A) Rise in atmospheric and earth’s surface temperature ✅
B) Soil fertility increase
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q222. Global warming is mainly caused by:
A) Human activities ✅
B) Balanced ecosystem
C) Forest growth
D) Soil fertility
Q223. Source of temperature for earth’s surface and atmosphere is:
A) Solar energy ✅
B) Fossil fuels
C) Volcanic eruption
D) Forest growth
Q224. Percentage of solar energy reflected back by clouds and surface:
A) 30% ✅
B) 20%
C) 10%
D) 50%
Q225. Atmosphere absorbs what percentage of solar energy?
A) 19% ✅
B) 30%
C) 51%
D) 10%
Q226. Earth releases what percentage of solar energy as latent heat?
A) 51% ✅
B) 30%
C) 19%
D) 10%
Q227. Gases that trap reflected energy are called:
A) Greenhouse gases ✅
B) Pollutants
C) Fertilizers
D) Minerals
Q228. Greenhouse gases include:
A) CO₂, CH₄, N₂O, water vapour ✅
B) Oxygen, Nitrogen
C) Argon, Helium
D) Zinc, Copper
Q229. Greenhouse gases constitute what percentage of atmosphere?
A) 0.1% ✅
B) 1%
C) 5%
D) 10%
Q230. Greenhouse gases help in:
A) Maintaining temperature balance ✅
B) Soil fertility
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q231. Increase in greenhouse gases leads to:
A) Rise in atmospheric temperature ✅
B) Soil fertility
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q232. Role of CO₂ in global warming is:
A) Most significant ✅
B) Least significant
C) No role
D) Minor role
Q233. Fossil fuel use increases:
A) CO₂ proportion ✅
B) Oxygen proportion
C) Nitrogen proportion
D) Argon proportion
Q234. Cutting of trees increases:
A) CO₂ proportion ✅
B) Oxygen proportion
C) Nitrogen proportion
D) Argon proportion
Q235. Volcanic eruption increases:
A) Greenhouse gases ✅
B) Soil fertility
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q236. Increase of CO₂ in atmosphere during last 150 years:
A) 30% ✅
B) 10%
C) 50%
D) 70%
Q237. Other greenhouse gases increased include:
A) Methane, Nitrous oxide, CFCs ✅
B) Oxygen, Nitrogen
C) Argon, Helium
D) Zinc, Copper
Q238. Average surface temperature increase since pre-industrial revolution:
A) 0.76°C ✅
B) 1.5°C
C) 2°C
D) 5°C
Q239. Estimated future temperature rise:
A) 5.8°C ✅
B) 2°C
C) 3°C
D) 1°C
Q240. Global warming threatens:
A) Survival of living world ✅
B) Soil fertility
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q241. Global warming is a:
A) Global problem ✅
B) Local problem
C) Regional problem
D) No problem
Q242. Global warming is discussed in:
A) Academic, administrative, political, economic fields ✅
B) Only science
C) Only economics
D) Only politics
Q243. Consequence of global warming includes:
A) Melting of polar ice ✅
B) Soil fertility increase
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q244. Consequence of global warming includes:
A) Rise of sea level ✅
B) Soil fertility increase
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q245. Consequence of global warming includes:
A) Change in plant and animal distribution ✅
B) Soil fertility increase
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q246. Consequence of global warming includes:
A) Fall of crop output ✅
B) Soil fertility increase
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q247. Consequence of global warming includes:
A) Desertification ✅
B) Soil fertility increase
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q248. Rise of atmospheric temperature by 2–3°C will cause:
A) Melting of polar snow ✅
B) Soil fertility increase
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q249. Rise of sea level by 1 meter will submerge:
A) 5 million sq.km coastal area ✅
B) 1 million sq.km
C) 10 million sq.km
D) 2 million sq.km
Q250. Rise of sea level will submerge:
A) Islands, deltas, coral islands ✅
B) Mountains
C) Forests
D) Deserts
Q251. Global warming awareness is:
A) Increasing worldwide ✅
B) Decreasing
C) Ignored
D) Balanced
Q252. Countries have agreed to:
A) Control temperature rise ✅
B) Ignore global warming
C) Increase fossil fuel use
D) Cut more trees
Q253. UNO provides:
A) Guidance to control global warming ✅
B) Fossil fuels
C) Forest growth
D) Soil fertility
Q254. Greenhouse gases trap:
A) Solar energy reflected by earth ✅
B) Oxygen
C) Nitrogen
D) Argon
Q255. Global warming is linked with:
A) Greenhouse effect ✅
B) Soil fertility
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q256. Global warming increases:
A) Atmospheric temperature ✅
B) Soil fertility
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q257. Global warming affects:
A) Lithosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, atmosphere ✅
B) Only lithosphere
C) Only hydrosphere
D) Only biosphere
Q258. Global warming is caused by:
A) Fossil fuels, deforestation, volcanic eruption ✅
B) Soil fertility
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q259. Global warming increases:
A) Sea level ✅
B) Soil fertility
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q260. Global warming decreases:
A) Crop output ✅
B) Soil fertility
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q261. Global warming changes:
A) Plant and animal distribution ✅
B) Soil fertility
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q262. Global warming causes:
A) Desertification ✅
B) Soil fertility increase
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q263. Global warming threatens:
A) Existence of life ✅
B) Soil fertility
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q264. Global warming is a subject of:
A) Common discussion worldwide ✅
B) Ignored issue
C) Local problem only
D) Regional problem only
Q265. Global warming is intensified by:
A) Increase of greenhouse gases ✅
B) Soil fertility
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q266. Global warming is measured by:
A) Temperature rise ✅
B) Soil fertility
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q267. Global warming is linked with:
A) Climate change ✅
B) Soil fertility
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q268. Global warming increases:
A) Melting of polar ice ✅
B) Soil fertility
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q269. Global warming increases:
A) Submergence of coastal areas ✅
B) Soil fertility
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q270. Global warming increases:
A) Submergence of islands ✅
B) Soil fertility
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q271. Global warming increases:
A) Submergence of deltas ✅
B) Soil fertility
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q272. Global warming increases:
A) Submergence of coral islands ✅
B) Soil fertility
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q273. Global warming increases:
A) Desertification ✅
B) Soil fertility
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q274. Global warming decreases:
A) Crop yield ✅
B) Soil fertility
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q275. Global warming changes:
A) Growth of plants and animals ✅
B) Soil fertility
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q276. Global warming increases:
A) Sea level rise ✅
B) Soil fertility
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q277. Global warming increases:
A) Melting of snow ✅
B) Soil fertility
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q278. Global warming increases:
A) Temperature of atmosphere ✅
B) Soil fertility
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q279. Global warming increases:
A) Temperature of earth’s surface ✅
B) Soil fertility
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q280. Global warming ultimately threatens:
A) Survival of human civilization ✅
B) Soil fertility only
C) Forest growth only
D) Balanced ecosystem only
Q281. Environment denotes:
A) Conditions around organisms ✅
B) Only forests
C) Only climate
D) Only soil
Q282. Biotic elements include:
A) Plants and animals ✅
B) Soil and water
C) Rocks and minerals
D) Air and sunlight
Q283. Abiotic elements include:
A) Soil, water, air ✅
B) Crops and livestock
C) Birds and insects
D) Microbes
Q284. Four major spheres of environment are:
A) Lithosphere, Hydrosphere, Atmosphere, Biosphere ✅
B) Land, Water, Forest, Climate
C) Soil, Plants, Animals, Minerals
D) Hills, Plains, Rivers, Oceans
Q285. Environmental problems can be classified as:
A) Local, regional, global ✅
B) Natural, man-made
C) Biotic, abiotic
D) Renewable, non-renewable
Q286. Major environmental problems include:
A) Pollution, desertification, global warming ✅
B) Soil fertility, rainfall, forests
C) Crops, livestock, minerals
D) Mountains, rivers, deserts
Q287. Land pollution is caused by:
A) Fertilizers, insecticides, industrial wastes ✅
B) Afforestation
C) Soil conservation
D) Recycling
Q288. Air pollution is caused by:
A) Industries, vehicles, fossil fuels ✅
B) Afforestation
C) Soil conservation
D) Recycling
Q289. Water pollution is caused by:
A) Industrial and urban wastes ✅
B) Afforestation
C) Soil conservation
D) Recycling
Q290. Acid rain occurs due to:
A) SO₂ and NO₂ concentration ✅
B) Oxygen increase
C) Nitrogen increase
D) Argon increase
Q291. Desertification affects:
A) 35% of world’s land surface ✅
B) 10% of world’s land surface
C) 50% of world’s land surface
D) 70% of world’s land surface
Q292. Global warming is caused by:
A) Fossil fuels, deforestation, greenhouse gases ✅
B) Soil fertility
C) Forest growth
D) Balanced ecosystem
Q293. Increase of CO₂ in atmosphere during last 150 years:
A) 30% ✅
B) 10%
C) 50%
D) 70%
Q294. Average surface temperature increase since pre-industrial revolution:
A) 0.76°C ✅
B) 1.5°C
C) 2°C
D) 5°C
Q295. Estimated future temperature rise:
A) 5.8°C ✅
B) 2°C
C) 3°C
D) 1°C
Q296. Rise of sea level by 1 meter will submerge:
A) 5 million sq.km coastal area ✅
B) 1 million sq.km
C) 10 million sq.km
D) 2 million sq.km
Q297. UNO initiative for environment awareness:
A) World Environment Day ✅
B) Earth Hour
C) Forest Day
D) Water Day
Q298. World Environment Day is celebrated on:
A) 5th June ✅
B) 22nd April
C) 1st May
D) 10th December
Q299. International organization for conservation formed in 1948:
A) IUCN ✅
B) WWF
C) UNEP
D) UNESCO
Q300. Founder Director General of UNESCO who initiated IUCN:
A) Julian Huxley ✅
B) George Chisholm
C) Zimmermann
D) Peter Haggett
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